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Potential and Kinetic Energy

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29 views21 pages

Potential and Kinetic Energy

Uploaded by

Angelica Pilande
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POTENTIAL ENERGY

AND
KINETIC ENERGY

Edison Redentor Espadilla


WHAT IS
ENERGY?
➢Energy is the ability to do work or
the capacity to do work
➢Work is being done whenever a
force moves an object in the same
direction as the force being applied.
➢Anything that happens in the world
uses energy.
➢Most of the time we can’t see energy,
but it is everywhere around us.
LAW OF
CONSERVATION
OF ENERGY
The law of conservation of energy states that
energy can neither be created nor destroyed -
only converted from one form of energy to
another. This means that a system always has
the same amount of energy, unless it's added
from the outside.
ENERGY
4

An object requires energy to do work. Consider two


objects A and B that are about to interact with each
other. When object A is pushed, an applied force is
doing work on it. Object A possesses kinetic energy
while moving towards a stationary object B. In this
situation, object A loses energy while object B gains
energy. When this happens, energy is transferred from
object A to object B. This indicates that any object that
has energy can do work
5

ENERGY
Its unit is the same as the unit of work,
expressed in Joule (J) in the SI system.
One (1) J is the energy needed to
accomplish one (1) joule of work. A
larger unit of energy called kilojoule (kJ)
is sometimes used. One (1) kJ is equal
to1000 J.
TWO TYPES OF
ENERGY

1.Potential Energy
2.Kinetic Energy
7

POTENTIAL
ENERGY

• The energy stored in


an object.
• “Potential” simply
means the energy has
the ability to do
something useful later
on.
Presentation title 8

POTENTIAL ENERGY

The higher an object, the more potential energy.

The more mass an object has, the more potential energy it has.
9

POTENTIAL ENERGY
You have learned that force of gravity is the
force exerted by the Earth on all things. It is
always directed downward or towards the
center of the Earth. Consequently, when an
object is raised from the Earth, the force
exerted in lifting the object is equal to its
weight
POTENTIAL
ENERGY
F = Weight = mg

The work done in lifting the object is:

W = Fd

where, the displacement (d) is the height (h) the


object is raised. Thus, the work done in lifting the
object against the gravitational force is given by

W=mgh
11

POTENTIAL ENERGY
The work performed in lifting an object is
equals to the potential energy the object gains.
An object absorbs energy when lifted from the
ground and when allowed to fall, it loses
energy. The energy that the body gains or losses
with respect to its position is called potential
energy (PE) and is given by

PE=mgh
POTENTIAL
ENERGY
where: PE is the potential energy in joules (J);

m is the object's mass in kilograms (kg);

g is the acceleration due to gravity which is 9.8


m/s²; and

h is the height of the object from the


reference point (e.g., ground) in meters (m).
EXAMPLE OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
PROBLEM
A flower pot with a mass of 15 kg is sitting on a
window sill 15 meters above the ground. How
much potential energy does the flower pot contain?
• PE = (mass)(gravity)(height)
• = (15 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(15 m)
• = (147kg m/s2)(15m)
• = 2205 N m
• = 2205 Joules
14

KINETIC The energy of a moving object.

ENERGY
“Kinetic” means movement.

When stored energy being used up, it is making


things move or happen.

The greater the mass and the speed of an object, the


more kinetic energy there will be.

The faster the speed the higher the kinetic energy


15

WHEN THESE OBJECT MOVES


AT SAME SPEED, WHICH WILL
HAVE MORE KINETIC ENERGY
16
THE ENERGY OF A MOVING OBJECT IS CALLED ENERGY OF
MOTION OR KINETIC ENERGY (KE). THE WORD KINETIC COMES
FROM THE GREEK WORD KINETIKOS WHICH MEANS MOVING.
KINETIC ENERGY MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF WORK THE OBJECT
CAN DO BECAUSE OF ITS MOTION.

This can be computed using the formula:

KE = ½ mv²

where: KE is the kinetic energy in joule (J),

m is the object's mass in kilogram (kg), and

v is the object's speed in meter per second (m/s).


17

TOTAL AMOUNT OF ENERGY STAYS THE SAME,


ENERGY ONLY CHANGES FORMS AS THE ROLLER
COASTER SPEEDS UP AND SLOWS DOWN.
OBJECTIVE: FAMILIARIZE THE WORDS THAT ARE
ASSOCIATED TO THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY.
COMPLETE THE CROSSWORD PUZZLE BELOW.

Across:

2. _____________is the unit of energy in SI system.

3. The ability to do work is .

4. The product of force and displacement is .


6. The total energy is the sum of kinetic and
potential energy.

Down:

1. energy is stored due to the object’s


position
5. ______________energy is associated with
motion.
POWER

Edison Redentor Espadilla


WHAT IS POWER?
➢Power is the rate of doing work or
work done per unit time
➢Mathematically, it is expressed as:
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒
Power =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

➢SI Unit: Watt (W)


THANK YOU

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