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WK 3.1 - Public Policy Making Process

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16 views

WK 3.1 - Public Policy Making Process

Uploaded by

ishtiakhasan11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2/7/2022

Lecture 3: Public Policy Making Process


and Models

Course GSG 331: Public Policy Making in Bangladesh

Shanawez Hossain Ph.D.


Assistant Professor
Global Studies and Governance (GSG)
Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB)

Objectives: to
 Analyze the process of Public Policy
 What is Public Policy?
 What is Policy Making Process?

 Public Policy Framework and Model


 Public Policy Framework
 Policy Models

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Objectives: to
 Analyzing Public Policy Formation
 Approaches and Implementation
for Public Policy Formation

 Designing Policy Monitoring and


Evaluation Frameworks
 Monitoring and Evaluation Plans,
Frameworks, Methods & Process

Public Policy is
 Statement of arguments rationalizing a
course of actions of a government
 Plan of action
 Contract or certificate (of insurance)
 System of Law, Regulatory measures,
courses of action and funding priorities
concerning with public issues or matter
 Political, Managerial, Financial and
Administrative mechanism arranged to
reach explicit goals
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Public Policy is
 In totality, it is a sum of public
(government) activities affecting the
citizens at large

Thus
Purposive course of action that is
consistently followed in dealing with a
problem.

Policy Contains following Elements:

 Intentions
 Goals
 Plan or Proposal
 Programs
 Decision or Choice
 Effects

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Some Public Policy Areas


 Criminal Justice
 Education Policy
 Economic Policy
 Environmental Policy
 Energy Policy
 Foreign Policy
 Insurance Policy
 Health Care Policy (Preventive and Curative)
 Social welfare policy, etc

Approaches of Making Public Policy

 Micro-scale: focuses on individual


problem and its solution
 Meso-scale: focuses on political process
and involves stakeholders
 Macro-scale: focuses on system and
context and structural nature in
problems interpretation

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Is Public Policy free of problems?


The answer is NO.
The main problems is it fails to address
interests of non stakeholder
 Public Forums
 Civil Societies
 Undefined groups

Policy Making Process


Why need process?
Basis for following process
“A problem well formulated is a problem
half solved”

To learn on how to look at a problem


from multiple prospective for achieving
the best problem defined and possible
(feasible) solution

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Analysis of public problem supports


the decision makers to determine:

 whether or not a new policy is required


 If a policy exists, whether or not , it needs
to be modified
 Analyze policy retrospectively or
prospectively
 Compare with others in similar situation
 Assess implications
 Explore staged of development of policy
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Analyzing public policy?

Actions Information sought


Defining Condition giving rise to a problem
Prediction Assessing Consequences
Prescription Causes of Action
Description Causes and Consequences of action
Evaluation Value assessment

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Perspective Policy Analysis


1. Onsite sanitation policy:
The Government has taken a policy on sanitation in rural
areas that waste generated in household shall be managed
at house level. The wastewater generated is managed at
house level.
2. Output Based Allowance Policy
The poor households (not exceeding 5% of total
households in the project area of second small town waster
supply and sanitation project) get cash subsidies for
constructing a latrines. The subsidies are paid on the basis
of the output; construction and use of latrine at house
level. This policy has generated an encouraging result in the
area of sanitation in the project areas.
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Types of Policy Analysis

 Perspective Policy Analysis

 Production and transformation of


information before policy actions

 Suffers from inadequate and unreliable


information about change in values,
goals and objectives which occur after
policy implementation
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Types ……….
 Retrospective Policy Analysis

 Confined to production and


transformation of information after
policy actions

 Suffers from its nature with passive


reporting of information about the
consequences of implemented policy

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Types ……….
 Integrated Policy Analysis

 Builds on the strength of both


Prospective and Retrospective Policy
Analysis

 Concerns with production and


transformation of information of
both before and after policy
implementation
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Methodology of Policy Analysis


 Descriptive Decision Theory
 Set of logically consistent propositions
that describe actions. Its aims
understanding a policy problem
 Narrative Decision Theory
 Set of logically consistent propositions
that provide a basis for improving the
consequences of actions. Its aims at
solving the policy problem.
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Policy Analysis Model

 Institutional Model

 Public policy determined by political


institutions giving policy legitimacy

 Universally applies (government


policy) to all citizen, e.g. legislative,
executive and judicial decisions

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Policy Analysis Model

 Process Model

 Identification of a problem and demand


for action(s) (by government)
(Formation, legitimization,
implementation and evaluation)

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Policy Analysis Model


 Group Model
 Establishing and enforcing
compromises between various, even
conflicting interests in society

 Elite Model
 Performance and values of governing
elites
 Top down model ( “I know what is
better for you” approach)
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Policy Analysis Model

 Rational Model

 Establishing and enforcing to make


logically sound decisions

 Herbert Simon’s finding appropriate from


among possible options to achieve goal

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Policy Analysis Model


 Game Model

 Rational decisions in situation where two


or more participant have choices to make

 Abstract and logical

 Define on how should go about making


decisions

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Implementation of Policy Analysis Model

 Creates order and simplify reality


 Identifies what is significant
 Can be congruent with reality
 Can provide meaningful communication
 Direct enquiry and research
 Supports explanations

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Challenges of Public Policy


 Show up in ways difficult to address
 Inherently multi dimensional overlap and
contradict (Infrastructure projects vs DoF)
 Ill defined so wicked problems
 Illusory consensus over social goals
 Different often conflicting preference, values
 Incomplete and nonsystematic policy
definition
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Thank You

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