EPPD1043 MATHEMATICS FOR ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

EXERCISE TOPIC 1:
LINEAR & QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
* Selected answers are provided on the last page of this exercise.

1. Sketch the graph of the function below. Indicate whether ℎ(𝑥𝑥) it is a function or a
relationship. Justify your answers.
2𝑥𝑥 + 3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥 > 0
ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = � 2
𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑥 − 4 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 0

2. In problem 2(a) to 2(e), find the domain of each function.

2𝑥𝑥 + 1
(a) 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 − 1 [1]

(b) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = √𝑥𝑥 − 5 [2]

𝑥𝑥 + 1 [3]
(c) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 + 5
𝑥𝑥 [4]
(d) 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 – 𝑥𝑥 − 2

(e) ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = √2𝑡𝑡 − 1 [5]

3. In problem 3(a) to 3(h), find the straight line (linear function) that passes through the
given points and sketch the graph.
(a) (1, 2), (-3, -10) [6]
(b) (1, 5), (-1, 1) [7]
(c) (2, 3), (2, 2) [8]
(d) (-2, 4), (-2, 5) [9]
(e) (-2, 5), (4, 2) [10]
(f) (-1, -2), (3, 6) [11]
(g) (2, 0), (1, -2) [12]
(h) (4, 2), (-8, 4) [13]

4. (a) Determine whether the linear function in 3(a) and 3(b) are parallel or perpendicular? [14]
(b) Determine whether the linear function in 3(c) and 3(d) are parallel or perpendicular? [15]
(c) Determine whether the linear function in 3(e) and 3(f) are parallel or perpendicular? [16]
(d) Determine whether the linear function in 3(g) and 3(h) are parallel or perpendicular? [17]

5. Find the equation of the line satisfying the given condition.

(a) Passing through (-2, 2) anda parallel to 2x – 4y – 8 = 0. [18]
(b) Passing through (2, 4) and perpendicular to 3x + 4y – 22 = 0. [19]
(c) Passing through the point of origin and parallel to the line passing through the
coordinate points (2, 4) and (4, 7). [20]

6. In problem 6(a) to 6(e) find the vertex point, x-intercept point, y-intercept point and sketch
the quadratic graph.
(a) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 – 6 [21]
(b) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 + 3 [22]
(c) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 [23]

© 2023. All Rights Reserved. Aminudin Mokhtar. UKM 1

 (d) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −𝑥𝑥 2 [24]
(e) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 9𝑥𝑥 2 [25]

7. Solve for x
(a) −𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0 [26]
(b) −𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 + 12 = 2 [27]
(c) 0.02𝑥𝑥 2 − 0.3𝑥𝑥 = 20 [28]
(d) 𝑥𝑥 2 + 40 = −14𝑥𝑥 [29]

8. A factory produces a machine with a fixed cost of RM850. While the variable cost is RM3
for each unit produced.
(a) Find the total cost function. [30]
(b) How many units are produced if the total cost is RM1,600? [31]

9. The variable cost function 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉(𝑞𝑞) and the total revenue function 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇(𝑞𝑞) are as follows.

𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉(𝑞𝑞) = −0.0001𝑞𝑞 2 + 10𝑞𝑞 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇(𝑞𝑞) = −0.0005𝑞𝑞 2 + 20𝑞𝑞

If fixed cost = RM10,000

(a) Find total cost function. [32]
(b) Fund profit function. [33]
(c) What is the total profit if the production quantity is 10,000 units? [34]

10. A factory has fixed costs of RM40,000 and variable costs of RM8 per unit. The product is
sold at a price of RM12 per unit.
(a) Find the cost function, total revenue function and profit function of the factory. [35]
(b) Calculate the profit of the factory if the production quantity is
(i) 8,000 unit [36] (ii) 12,000 unit. [37]
(c) Find the break-even quantity [38]

11. Given TC(q) = 1600 + 1500q and total revenue is TR(q) = 1600q – q2. Calculate,
(a) break-even quantity. [39]
(b) total maximum profit. [40]

12. The demand function for A is p = 600 – q where p is the price of A and q is the quantity
demanded.
(a) Find total revenue function. [41]
(b) What is the price at the level of maximum total revenue? [42]
(c) Find the maximum total revenue. [43]

13. The demand and supply function of Y are as follows. Find the price and quantity at the
equilibrium level. [44]

𝑝𝑝2 + 2𝑞𝑞 = 1600 𝑝𝑝2 − 2𝑞𝑞 = 200

© 2023. All Rights Reserved. Aminudin Mokhtar. UKM 2

14. Based on the following demand and supply functions,

𝑝𝑝 = 174 – 6𝑞𝑞 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑞𝑞 2 + 14

(a) Find the equilibrium price and quantity. [45]

(b) Sketch in a diagram the demand and supply functions. Show the price and quantity at
the equilibrium level.

15. Given the demand equation is p = -2q + 12 and the total cost function is TC = 4q + 6.
(a) What is the production quantity at the maximum profit level? [46]
(b) Find the break-even quantity? [47]
(c) Sketch the profit function.

16. Suppose the demand function for mathematics books is p = 0.85 – 0.00045q.
(a) Find total revenue function. [48]
(b) What is the quantity of books that maximizes total revenue? [49]
(c) Draw the total revenue function.
𝑥𝑥 + 3
17. Find the domain of the 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 6
18. Given a linear function 𝐿𝐿1 ∶ 2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 − 3. Find the function that is perpendicular to 𝐿𝐿1 and
passes through the coordinate point (-3,7).

19. A factory sells its products at a price of RM30 per unit. The fixed cost for the factory is
RM2400 plus RM15 cost per unit of output.
(a) Find the level of production at the break-even point.
(b) If the factory targets a profit of RM12000, what is the production level required to meet
this target?

20. Assume the demand curve for pet food products produced by Syarikat Best Pet is 𝑝𝑝 =
100 − 0.5𝑝𝑝 and the cost function is 𝐶𝐶(𝑞𝑞) = 120 + 48𝑞𝑞, where q is the quantity
demanded.
(a) Find the quantity that maximizes the company's profit.
(b) What is the total revenue obtained at the profit-maximizing quantity level?

© 2023. All Rights Reserved. Aminudin Mokhtar. UKM 3

 ANSWERS

[1] all real numbers except x = 1 [25] (0,0)

[2] domain (5, ∞) [26] no solution, 𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 < 0
[3] all real numbers except x = -1 and -5 [27] 5, -2
[4] all real numbers except x = -1 and 2 [28] -25, 40
[5] domain �2 , ∞�
1 [29] -10, -4
[30] 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 850 + 3𝑞𝑞
[6] 𝑦𝑦 = −1 + 3𝑥𝑥
[7] 𝑦𝑦 = 3 + 2𝑥𝑥
[31] 𝑞𝑞 = 250
[8] 𝑥𝑥 = 2 , undefined slope/gradient (vertical
line parallel to y-axis) [32] 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = −0.0001𝑞𝑞 2 + 10𝑞𝑞 + 10000
[9] 𝑥𝑥 = −2 , undefined slope/gradient [33] 𝜋𝜋 = −0.0004𝑞𝑞 2 + 10𝑞𝑞 − 10000
(vertical line parallel to y-axis) [34] 𝑞𝑞 = 50,0000
1
[10] 𝑦𝑦 = − 2 𝑥𝑥 + 4 [35] 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 40000 + 8𝑞𝑞
[11] 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 [36] 𝜋𝜋(8000) = −8,000
[12] 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 4 [37] 𝜋𝜋(12000) = 8,000

[13] 𝑦𝑦 =
8
−
1
𝑥𝑥 [38] 𝑞𝑞 = 10,000
3 6
[39] 𝑞𝑞 = 20, 80
[14] not parallel and not perpendicular
[40] 𝑞𝑞 = 50, 𝜋𝜋 = 900
[15] parallel
[41] 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 600𝑞𝑞 − 𝑞𝑞 2
[16] perpendicular
[42] 𝑝𝑝 = 300
[17] not parallel and not perpendicular
1 [43] 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 90,000
[18] 𝑦𝑦 = 2
𝑥𝑥 + 3
[44] 𝑝𝑝 = 30, 𝑞𝑞 = 350
4 4
[19] 𝑦𝑦 = 3
𝑥𝑥 + 3 [45] 𝑝𝑝 = 114, 𝑞𝑞 = 10
3
[20] 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 [46] 𝑞𝑞 = 2
2

[21] (2.5,0.25); (2, 0)(3,0); (0,-6) [47] 𝑞𝑞 = 1, 3

[22] (3/4,15/8); (0,3) [48] 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 0.85𝑞𝑞 − 0.00045𝑞𝑞 2

[23] (0,0) [49] 𝑞𝑞 = 944
[24] (0,0)

© 2023. All Rights Reserved. Aminudin Mokhtar. UKM 4