Common grammatical error corrections and facts

Learn the tricks and traps of grammar. I am not an English major, professional, nor a grammar
guru. I’ve merely just come across teachings in and about our grammar and style of the English
language that we’re reading and writing wrong on a daily basis. I just wish to aid by pointing out
what i’ve learned during my studies and research over the years. We have all been heavily
indoctrinated, and dumbed down by the very government we the people put in place to protect
our un-a-lien-able rights, so please don't feel inadequate for needing to learn the importance of
grammar and style. Let's start off with the most common grammatical errors that the majority of
people do without realizing it, and what they’ve (possibly you) actually done to their/your
document(s).

This quick study guide will enable your document to correctly grammatically read what it is that
you wish to convey. I personally edited a lot of this guide as i have been studying and learning
Correct Sentence Structure Communication Quantum Parse Syntax Grammar created by
:David-Wynn: Miller and come to find out that our grammar is in dire need of being corrected
and cleaned up. A lot of fraud, misconceptions, and deceptions have been spotted within our
English text, and grammar. That said, i've even become leery of :David-Wynn: Miller’s teachings
too, due to him teaching in such a way that he used six different languages such as English,
French, Latin, Ancient Latin, American sign language, and Dog Latin on and in one document;
as he also, used the underline under the majority of his use of Ancient Latin or American sign
language removing it from the page. The more i learn, the more i begin to question literally
everything about our English language. On any given document one can only have one
language on said document or it equates to fraud, forgery, or counterfeit, found in the Chicago
Manual of Style sixteenth edition in the foreign language section 11.146 proving some of
:David-Wynn: Miller’s teachings fraudulent just like that of our government school system,
because no two languages can appear on any one document. I had a lot of teachings in my last
guide that i learned from :David-Wynn: Miller; and in some of his teachings i've personally found
to be incorrect, fraudulent, false, or simply could not find the evidence to back up his claims;
Although, not all his teachings were equivalent to fraud; Which is why i personally wished to
have references and sources of the knowledge herein. This new version has legitimate sources
and references so that you the reader can easily find where i personally found the references
and sources of my knowledge herein. I’m here to personally show you that you’ve been conned,
deceived, and fooled. "It is easier to fool people than it is to convince people they've been
fooled." ~ Mark Twain

Ten rules of grammar and usage that you should know

The following are ten of the most common grammar and usage errors that law students make in
their writing. The list was compiled with the help of several professors at the Georgetown
University law school. If you would like to know more about any one area, please refer to the list
of sources at the end of the list.
 ● Split Infinitives This rule exists as a remnant of Latin, upon which our language is
partially based. In Latin, as in many of the Romance languages, a writer cannot split
his/her infinitives because both “to” and the ‘verb’ are one word. In English, an infinitive
becomes split when the writer places an adverb between “to” and the ‘verb’. Authorities
have disagreed about whether the rule against the split infinitive is a formal rule or
merely a practice, and the Oxford English Dictionary has abandoned its ban on splitting
infinitives because the prohibition can lead to “awkward, stilted sentences.”
Nevertheless, many experienced legal writers generally remember it as a formal rule that
infinitives must not be split. Thus, avoiding split infinitives is largely an audience-based
rule.
a) Split Infinitive (no longer incorrect): To boldly go where no man has gone before.
b) No Split Infinitive (preferred by some): The children are allowed to read quietly in
the corner.
c) Sometimes, however, you may need to split the infinitive in order to avoid
ambiguities in your writing. Example: The boys decided to quickly finish the
game. Here, if “quickly” was placed after “decided” the reader would not know if
the decision had been made quickly or if the game was going to be finished
quickly. (A quick video that is under 8 minutes to help understand what an
infinitive is: https://youtu.be/8cKJYTCAG-E [video and emphasis added by me]);

● Nominalizations ∗ By Christopher Anzidei and Zachary Brez. 1 Oxford: It’s ok to now

split your infinitives, Miami Herald, October 27, 1998. A base verb that has been turned
into a noun is called a nominalization. While nominalizations are grammatically correct,
overusing them can reduce the impact and clarity of your writing.
a) Acceptable: She made the decision to file a lawsuit against her employer after
consulting with an attorney.
b) Preferred: She decided to sue her employer after consulting with an attorney;

● Ending a Sentence with a Preposition Again, this rule is left over from Latin, where it
is impossible for a writer to finish a sentence with a preposition. Avoiding ending a
sentence in a preposition might best be characterized as an audience-based rule
because some traditional readers pay close attention to it in written work. If you are
writing for a traditional audience, you may want to restructure your sentences so as not
to finish them with a preposition.
a) Acceptable: He is one of the people I like to study with.
b) Preferred: He is one of the people with whom I like to study.
c) Spoken English, however, differs from written English. It is often impossible to
realize you are going to finish a sentence with a preposition until you reach the
end of the sentence. Additionally, English has several idioms that require the user
to end a sentence with a preposition. To quote Winston Churchill, “Correcting my
grammar is something up with which I will not put.” (David-Wynn: Miller teaches
that you should start and end each sentence with a prepositional phrase, and i
concur with David because without it, you end up with a dangling participle verb

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
 or dangling modifier dangling-modifiers.pdf (everettcc.edu), again not everything
David taught was fraud. [emphasis added by me]);

● Semicolons Use a semicolon to join two closely related independent clauses that are
not separated by a conjunction. Use a comma to join two closely related independent
clauses that are separated by a conjunction.
a) Incorrect: The lease states that the landlord must pay for all repairs, it does not
address who is responsible for making those repairs.
b) Correct: The lease states that the landlord must pay for all repairs; however, it
does not address who is responsible for making those repairs. [Note: “However”
is not necessary in this sentence; it is used merely to clarify the relationship
between the two clauses.]
c) Correct: The lease states that the landlord must pay for all repairs, but it does not
address who is responsible for making those repairs;

● “That” vs. “Which” Use “that” to introduce a defining clause, a phrase that narrows or
defines the range of items being discussed. Use “which” to introduce a clause that does
not narrow or define the range of items being discussed. While facially similar, the
following two sentences mean very different things.
a) Correct: The evidence that was presented to the jury was accurate. [This
sentence means that only a subset of all the available evidence was presented to
the jury, and that subset of evidence was accurate.]
b) Correct: The evidence, which was presented to the jury, was very accurate. [This
sentence means that all of the evidence was presented to the jury, and that
evidence was accurate.];

● Misused Modifiers The two most common mistakes in this area are dangling modifiers
and misplaced modifiers. Dangling modifiers are modifying phrases that do not modify
any word in the sentence.
a) Incorrect: In passing legislation, many compromises must be reached.
b) Correct: In passing legislation, the House and the Senate must reach many
compromises. The participle phrase “In passing legislation” does not modify any
word. Ask yourself who is passing the legislation and add that subject right after
the introductory phrase.
c) Incorrect: Based on this reasoning, the court affirmed the defendant's conviction.
What is based on this reasoning? The answer is the court's decision.
d) Correct: Based on this reasoning, the court's decision affirmed the defendant's
conviction. Misplaced modifiers are modifying phrases that modify the wrong
word or phrase in the sentence.
e) Incorrect: Once universally prohibited, a few states have recently legalized the
use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. [In this sentence, the phrase “Once
universally prohibited” is intended to modify marijuana, not a few states.]
Misplaced modifiers can be fixed by rearranging the sentence so that the
modifying phrase comes right before the word or phrase it modifies. You can also

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
 avoid writing a misplaced modifier by adding a subject and verb to the phrase,
thus creating an introductory clause.
f) Correct: Once universally prohibited, medicinal marijuana has recently been
legalized in a few states.
g) Correct: Although marijuana was once universally prohibited, a few states have
recently legalized its use for medicinal purposes;

● “Who” vs. “Whom” Use "who" if the pronoun is the subject of the verb; use "whom" if
the pronoun is the object of a verb, preposition, or infinitive. This rule has become similar
to the one for sentences ending in a preposition, that is to say that while strict
grammarians will follow this rule to their graves, other readers may find it stiffens the
writing. One is probably given even more grace in breaking this rule with spoken, as
opposed to written, English.
a) Correct: A security guard witnessed the person who robbed the bank. [In this
sentence, who is the subject and robbed is the verb.]
b) Correct: The suspect was a person with whom Joe had worked. [In this sentence,
whom is not a subject, but rather it is the object of a preposition, with.];

● “Hone” vs. “Home” This is a basic rule of usage, but many legal writers confuse the
two terms. To “home in on” means to direct, or be directed as by radar, to a destination
or target. “Hone” has many different meanings, one of which is to sharpen.
a) Incorrect: The court honed in on the appellant’s argument.
b) Incorrect: The appellant homed his argument in response to the court’s
questioning.
c) Correct: The appellant honed his argument in response to the court’s homing in
on his Fourth Amendment claims;

● “Peruse” and “Flammable” “Peruse” historically meant examine in detail, or to

scrutinize. Over time, however, the word began to connote informally a casual or
leisurely reading. Occasionally, a writer will be confronted with a reader who is aware of
only one of the two meanings. A similar confusion has arisen in modern vernacular with
“flammable” and its twin, “inflammable.” “Inflammable” is the word that actually means
combustible. Because this word is chiefly used in dangerous situations, concern arose
when readers began to think the “in” in inflammable meant the word connoted not
combustible. To avoid confusion, many containers filled with a dangerous substance now
read “flammable.”;

● “Because” vs. “Since” Many legal writers use these two words interchangeably so this
is more of an audience based rule. To be unambiguous, use “because” to denote a
causal relationship; use “since” to denote a temporal relationship.
a) Acceptable: Opposing counsel has called me three times since Tuesday since he
wants to settle the case.
b) Preferred: Opposing counsel has called me three times since Tuesday because
he wants to settle the case.

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
References to the ten rules of grammar and usage that you should know: Mary B. Ray &
Jill J. Ramsfield, Legal Writing: Getting It Right and Getting It Written (3d ed. 2000). The
University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style (1982). Richard C. Wydick,
Plain English for Lawyers (4th ed. 1998).

Common English Grammar Mistakes Continued:

1) Present and Past Tense:

Present tenses in English are used to talk about the present, the future and to summarize a
book, film or play when telling a story in the present tense.
There are four present tense forms in the English language.
Present Simple: I Work
Present Continuous: I am Working
Present Perfect: I have worked
Present perfect continuous: I have been working
Rules:
You can use the past tense to talk about events or situations that have finished. You can also
use past tense in English to talk about long-standing events and situations that have already
happened in the past.
For example: When I was a young child, I lived in the countryside.
Here are some frequently used examples of verbs in past simple: are, was, were and went.

2) How To Avoid the Overuse of Adverbs:

Adverbs are a varied class of words that work in many different ways to express many different
kinds of meaning. This can make adverbs a useful word group. You should, however, avoid
overusing these words to describe actions and events. The most commonly overused adverbs
are manner adverbs, this particular type of adverb modifies the verb.
For example:
Emily Scott shook her head vigorously.
He was in a good mood now, smiling broadly as he grabbed his mug of tea.
A common issue in story writing occurs when you rely too heavily on manner adverbs in your
stories.
For example:
The curtain opened quickly, and Ben came slowly into the room. He saw Emma looking
flirtatiously with Jack and walked over to her aggressively. ‘Why are you here?’ he screamed
angrily.
Here is the same extract with the manner adverbs highlighted:
The curtain opened quickly, and Ben came slowly into the room. He saw Emma looking
flirtatiously with Jack and walked over to her aggressively. ‘Why are you here?’ he screamed
angrily.
The correct use of adverbs is to show… not tell… the reader what is happening in the story.

3) Your/You’re:

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These words are also troublesome homophones that cause many problems.
Rules:
“Your” indicates a possession – and defines that something belongs to you.
“You’re” is short for “You are”.

Here is how not to use these words:

Your beautiful.
Do you know when your going?
Can I have you’re coat?

How to get it right:

You’re beautiful.
Do you know when you’re going?
Can I have your coat?

4) Misplacing Apostrophes:
You find apostrophes a little tricky, but once you follow the rules, it will become easy. Putting an
apostrophe in the wrong place is a common mistake.
Rules:
Apostrophes indicate something belongs to something or is owned by someone else.
To show that something belongs to one person, place the apostrophe before the letter ‘S.’
For example – “The girl’s sheep”.

To show that something belongs to more than one person, you need to place the apostrophe
after the letter ‘S’.
For example – “The girls’ sheep”.

Apostrophes are also used in contracted words such as “Can’t” to indicate that the ‘O’ is missing
from “Cannot.”
Apostrophes should never be used to make a word plural.

5) There/Their/They’re:
You may find that these pesky homophones, a little bit of a headache.
Rules:
Use “There” to refer to a place that isn’t here, for example, “Over there.”
Use “Their” to refer to how one owns something – showing that something belongs to that
person.
Use “They’re” is a shortened version of “They are”.

Here is how not to use these words:

Their going to be here soon.
We should contact they’re friend.
Can we use there house?
They’re is an argument that says.

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Here is how you use these words correctly:
They’re going to be here soon.
We should contact their friend.
Can we use their house?
There is an argument that says.

6) Confusing similar spellings and words:

The English language is quite rich in words which sound similar, or are spelled similarly, but
which have different meanings and need to be used in different contexts.
Perhaps the most common stumbling block experienced by people who are learning English as
a second language is making sure to use the right word in the right context, rather than a similar
but improper one.
The only way to avoid this issue is to learn which words fit in which context, on a case-by-case
basis.
Here are some words people often mix up:

“Two,” “too,” and “to”

“Here” and “hear”

“Your” and “you’re”

“Weather” and “whether”

7) Using incomplete comparisons:

Many words in the English language imply a comparison – and using them without “completing
the comparison” is a common grammatical mistake.

Here’s an example of an incomplete comparison:

“It was much hotter today.”

To make this example grammatically correct, you would need to complete this comparison.
Here’s one way you could do that:

“It was much hotter today than yesterday.”

8) Getting adjectives and adverbs confused:

Confusing your adjectives and adverbs often results in speech or writing that comes off as very
informal, and even uneducated – and it’s a great way of infuriating many English teachers.

Often, you’ll notice this issue happening with words that end in “-ly.”

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Here are a couple of grammatically incorrect examples:

“It was a real nice day today.”

“I ran quick to the bus stop.”

And here’s how these two examples would look if they were made grammatically correct:

“It was a really nice day today.”

“I ran quickly to the bus stop.”

9) Misplacing your modifiers:

Language would be pretty dull without words to add a bit of extra flavor to sentences and
descriptive speech.

This is exactly where modifiers come in.

With modifiers, “the tiger” can become “the fearsome tiger,” “the sunrise,” can become “the
beautiful sunrise,” and so on.

The issue is that these modifiers need to be placed very close to the word they’re modifying, or
else the meaning falls apart.

“Misplacing your modifiers” means that you are putting these modifiers too far away from the
terms they are meant to be modifying, in your sentence.

The result is confusion.

In fact, misplaced modifiers can even completely change the meaning of your sentence
in unintended ways.

Here’s an example of a misplaced modifier:

“He almost walked for the entire day.”

And here’s how this example would read with the modifier in the right place:

“He walked for almost the entire day.”

In the example with the misplaced modifier, it is not clear if he “crawled”, “ran slowly”, or simply
“thought about walking” for the entire day.

In the correct example, the meaning is clear.

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10) Falling into pronoun disagreement:
A common grammatical mistake for English learners is for their pronouns and nouns to
disagree, when dealing with singular and plural examples.

The straightforward rule is that singular pronouns must go with singular nouns, and plural
pronouns must go with plural nouns.

So, for example:

“Every boy must sign in when they arrive” is incorrect. “Boy” is singular, and “they” is plural.

The correct phrasing here would be:

“Every boy must sign in when he arrives.”

Grammar and punctuation are essential in the English language and gaining confidence in how
to avoid any grammatical errors is a valuable part of your learning journey.
You should practice developing your grammar daily; it will help you to become a confident writer
with a firm grasp on the English language. Reference website: Common English grammar
mistakes | Oxford International English or oxfordinternationalenglish.com

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English Grammar Rules:

Grammar Rules Punctuation Rules Other Rules

● Finding Nouns, Verbs, and ● Spacing With ● Capitalization

Subjects Punctuation ● Confusing Words
● Subject-Verb Agreement ● Periods and Homonyms
● Irregular Verbs ● Commas ● Writing Numbers
● Clauses and Phrases ● Semicolons
● Pronouns ● Colons
● Who vs. Whom ● Quotation Marks
● Whoever vs. Whomever ● Parentheses and
● Who, That, Which Brackets
● Adjectives and Adverbs ● Apostrophes
● Prepositions ● Hyphens
● Effective Writing ● Dashes
● Ellipses
● Question Marks
● Exclamation
Points
● Slashes

If i were to write out everything here in this section i may as well just write a book as i already
see by adding references and sources this is already going to be longer than anticipated.
Therefore, all of which definitions, and usage of this section can be found at: English
Grammar Rules | The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation (grammarbook.com) or
https://www.grammarbook.com/english_rules.asp

The most common error is what is known as the four corner rule of grammar; also known as
aside or set off. What this means is that the use of certain grammatical symbols falls under this
four corner rule (aside or set off) which removes wording, numbers, and phrases from the page

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
or document. Which you did not intend to do, but nonetheless did so by not knowing this
grammatical rule. In grammar using these are what is considered aside or set off, what does
aside mean?

Aside - On one side; apart. To set aside; to annul; to make void. (Black’s Law Dictionary fifth
edition page 104) or exclude found at https://www.collinsdictionary.com. What does set off
mean?

Set off - 1) something that is set off against another thing: 2) to set apart : make distinct or
outstanding. https://www.merriam-webster.com.

I’ll first list what does fall under this grammatical rule and then i’ll provide you with an example
of its use and a visual example of how it’s viewed by someone that does in fact know how to
grammatically read such as a Judge aka Administrator. The most common grammatical symbols
that fall under the four corner rule of grammar that removes wording, numbers, and phrases
from the page are as the following:

I) Box - 𞠡 - otherwise known as a border, a box itself, text boxes, or call out box, typically these
are found on nearly all street signs, government documents, government forms, banking
documents, banking forms, etc. a very common one that everyone misses is on bonds, federal
reserve notes, bank notes, united states notes, etc. this use is known as a border though its
truly boxing which anything within is considered to be (aside or set off) removed from the page,
document, etc. check out a federal reserve note yourself, pull one out and view it, yep it’s got a
border all around the entirety of it meaning that you're looking at what is considered to be a
blank document using this grammatical rule. Interesting find in a website i'm about to share, they
list what should be aside such as: summaries, checklists, examples, case studies, quotes, links
to related information, definitions at https://www.stylemanual.gov.au;

II) Brackets - [] or {} - a bracket for the most part resembles that of a box or border though it's a
separated box or broken apart box. The most common use of this bracket symbol for those that
are studying and learning who they really are, wish to use the bracket symbol to remove the use
of a zip code attached to their address. This should be a dead give away to you that this is
exactly what this bracket symbol means, stands for, and does when used. Using the bracket
removes what's within it from the page or document. http://www.capstoneediting.com.au>... or
http://wps.prenhall.com;

III) Parenthesis - () - though the parenthesis does not actually have corners its usage does in
fact grammatically remove its contents within the parenthesis from the page, document, etc..
http://www.uis.edu>cas>handouts or http://www.capstoneediting.com.au>... or
http://wps.prenhall.com;

IV) Quotation marks - “” - just like the parenthesis the quotation marks do not actually have
visual corners either, but nonetheless they also in fact fall under the paradigm of the four corner

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
rule (aside or set off) removing the contents within the quotation marks from the page,
document, etc.. http://guidetogrammar.org>grammar proves it’s set off;

V) Block quotations - <> - https://www.impressivewebs.com;

VI) Dashes - - – — - which i just found out (by trying to find y’all references) are also considered
asides in grammar. http://www.uis.edu>cas>handouts or http://wps.prenhall.com;
VII) Commas - , -which i just found out (by trying to find y’all references) are also considered
asides in grammar. (when used as an interjection, thus making it a parenthetical element, kinda
like the dash) https://pugss.wordpress.com or https://english.stackexchange.com.

Now i wish to provide an example of what someone reads when they know how to read
grammatically. Examples are as follows:

● This morning i went to the “store” to get the “eggs” that i needed to finish “cooking
breakfast”.
Now what someone sees when they read grammatically.
This morning i went to the to get the that i needed to finish .;

● Today i used a few laws in my document such as (Trezevant v City of Tampa 741 F2 336
(1984)).
Now what someone sees when they read grammatically.
Today i used a few laws in my document such as
.;

● For the most part, i have collected a wide range of sporting goods [hereinafter sg] when i
go out on vacation because there are a lot more choices of sg to pick from in other
states.
Now what someone sees when they read grammatically.
For the most part, i have collected a wide range of sporting goods when i go
out on vacation because there are a lot more choices of sg to pick from in other states.
Do you see what happened here in this example? Yeah, because you removed hereinafter sg
by using brackets, you unintentionally left it wide open for assumptions and presumptions as to
what the heck is sg.

Four Corners Rule under Contract Law: (Everything you need to know)

The four corners rule stipulates that if two parties enter into a written agreement, they cannot
use oral or implied agreements to contradict the terms.
● The Four Corners of a Contract
● Times When Outside Evidence Can Be Used
● Using the Four Corners Rule in Contract Disputes

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
The four corners rule contract law, also known as the patrol evidence rule, stipulates that if two
parties enter into a written agreement, they cannot use oral or implied agreements in court to
contradict the terms of the written agreement.

The term "four corners" refers to the four corners of a document. Basically, it implies that the
only legal parts of the contract are within the four corners of a page or online document. If there
is evidence that exists outside of these four corners, they cannot be used in court if they directly
contradict the terms of the written contract.

Types of evidence not valid in court due to the four corners rule include:

● Conversations about the signing of the contract

● Written evidence that is not part of the original written contract
● Comments from the defendant or plaintiff who are in a breach of contract case

The Four Corners of a Contract:

Because of the four corners rule, it is vital to include all promises and expectations you have of
the other party in the original written contract. If you fail to do so and rely on spoken promises or
guarantees made outside of the contract, enforcing them may prove problematic. Any judge
looking at your case will look only at the four corners, not whatever verbal agreements you
made.

To protect yourself from this type of situation, it is a great idea to speak with a contract dispute
attorney. They can look at the contract and make sure it is fair to both parties before you sign it.

Never trust the other party if they say that you shouldn't worry about a particular clause or
statement. While you might be in agreement now, if things go south, you will have no legal
support for making that party adhere to your wishes.

There are certain times when outside evidence is useful for supporting a contract, but these are
mostly limited to instances of fraud or other problems. If you are in trouble and think this might
apply to you, contact a contract dispute attorney for assistance. They can determine whether or
not you can use outside evidence in a courtroom to defend your case.

Times When Outside Evidence Can Be Used:

There are only a few instances when outside evidence is permissible for supporting a written
contract. These might include:

● To correct a mistake in the original contract.

● To clear up ambiguous language in the contract and help determine the original
meaning.
● To assist the judge or jury understand the contract better.
● To clarify a transcription error in the original contract.
● To prove that the original contract is invalid.
● To prove that consideration was never offered for the two parties.

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 ● To show that one party committed fraud, interference, unconscionable behavior, or was
under duress when creating the contract.
● To make changes to the original contract if there is a clause that states oral amendments
are permissible.
● To name the parties involved in cases of changing names.

Using the Four Corners Rule in Contract Disputes:

If your contract is in dispute in court, the judge will definitely rely on the four corners rule to keep
things as simple as possible. They will use your written documents to discover each party's
original intention and decide based on that unless you qualify for one of the exceptions listed
above.

The court will only use external evidence as much as it needs to clear up the ambiguity or
discover the original intent of the contract.

Generally, the procedure for using the four corners rule is as follows:

● The judge will read the written contract and decide if extrinsic evidence is necessary.
● The court will enforce the contract as written without extrinsic evidence if not required.
● If extrinsic evidence is necessary the judge will use the entirety of the contract in addition
to the new evidence to make a ruling that is fair.

Overall, a judge will not try to discover hidden meanings or obscure definitions. Instead, they'll
use the ordinary and straightforward meaning of words and clauses to determine how certain
statements fit into the agreement as a whole. Four Corners Rule Contract Law: Everything You
Need to Know (upcounsel.com) or https://www.upcouncil.com/four-corners-rule-contract-law

Italics, bold, underline, different fonts, and font sizes

Are all under the same category called typographical emphases; which are aside and set off
from the body of the text; meaning removed from the page. Using italics and different fonts is
nearly just like the four corner rule. In this case anything written in italics, bold, underline,
overline, letter spacing, all capitalization letters, punctuation marks, color, designs, and
different fonts is considered to be removed from the page only this time there's no need to use
grammatical symbols. Because the italics are what is known as a different font and
coincidentally is considered to be removed from the page. For those who have never heard of
italics these words are written in italics as an example for you to see. For those that dont know of
what i mean by a different font, these words are in a different font for you to see. When using the
underline what coincidentally transpires is that the word, number, or phrase underlined is
automatically turned into italic writing. Thus, removing it from the page. Learning this, what do
you suppose happens when you have an underline premade ready for an autograph or
signature? Yep, you guessed it, it’s removed from the page. Interesting thing to know when y’all
are learning how to contract, needing two wet ink signatures to make the contract valid. What
i’ve recently been doing because of this fact is i’m replacing the underline ____________
signature line with a dotted line using the period such as ………………………. Creating a dotted

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
line so my autograph is not removed from the page. Bolding and different font sizes are like
italics and the use of different fonts themselves, they're considered to be removed from the
page or they do not have or hold the same jurisdiction on any given document as the primary
font size used thus creating fraud. Emphasis typography - From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia. For the use of emphasis on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text
formatting. In typography, emphasis is the strengthening of words in a text with a font in a
different style from the rest of the text, to highlight them.[1] It is the equivalent of prosody stress
in speech. Contents: Methods and use, Font styles and variants, Capitalization, Letter-spacing,
Underlining, Overlining, Punctuation marks, Color, Design, References. The most common
methods in Western typography fall under the general technique of emphasis through a change
or modification of font: italics, boldface and small caps. Other methods include the alteration of
LETTER CASE and spacing as well as color and *additional graphic marks*.

Font Styles and variants The human eye is very receptive to differences in "brightness within a
text body." Therefore, one can differentiate between types of emphasis according to whether the
emphasis changes the "blackness" of text, sometimes referred to as typographic color. A means
of emphasis that does not have much effect on blackness is the use of italics, where the text is
written in a script style, or oblique, where the vertical orientation of each letter of the text is
slanted to the left or right. With one or the other of these techniques (usually only one is
available for any typeface), words can be highlighted without making them stand out much from
the rest of the text (inconspicuous stressing). This is used for marking passages that have a
different context, such as book titles, words from foreign languages, or internal dialogue.
By contrast, a bold font weight makes letters of a text thicker than the surrounding text.[2] Bold
strongly stands out from regular text, and is often used to highlight keywords important to the
text's content. For example, printed dictionaries often use boldface for their keywords, and the
names of entries can conventionally be marked in bold.[3] Small capitals are also used for
emphasis, especially for the first line of a section, sometimes accompanied by or instead of a
drop cap, or for personal names as in bibliographies.
If the text body is typeset in a serif typeface, it is also possible to highlight words by setting them
in a sans serif face. This practice is often considered archaic in Latin script, and on computers is
complicated since fonts are no longer issued by foundries with a standard baseline, so switching
font may distort line spacing. It is still possible using some font super families, which come with
matching serif and sans-serif variants, though these are not generally supplied with modern
computers as system fonts. In Japanese typography, due to the reduced legibility of the heavier
Minchō type, the practice remains common. Of these methods, italics, small capitals and
capitalization are the oldest, with bold type and sans-serif typefaces not arriving until the
nineteenth century.

Capitalization The house styles of many publishers in the United States use all caps text for:

● chapter and section headings;

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 ● newspaper headlines;
● publication titles;
● warning messages; and
● words of important meaning.
Capitalization is used much less frequently by British publishers, and usually only for book titles.

All-uppercase letters are a common substitute form of emphasis where the medium lacks
support for boldface, such as old typewriters, plain-text email, SMS and other text-messaging
systems. Socially, the use of all-caps text in Roman languages has become an indicator of
shouting when quoting speech. It was also often used in the past by American lawyers to flag
important points in a legal text.[4] Coinciding with the era of typewriter use, the practice became
unnecessary with the advent of computerized text formatting, although it is still found on
occasion in documents created by older lawyers.[5][6][7]

Letter-spacing - Another means of emphasis is to increase the spacing between the letters,
rather than making them darker, but still achieving a distinction in blackness. This results in an
effect reverse to boldface: the emphasized text becomes lighter than its environment. This is
often used in blackletter typesetting and typewriter manuscripts, but by no means restricted to
those situations.[8] This letter-spacing is referred to as sperren in German, which could be
translated as "spacing out": in typesetting with letters of lead, the spacing would be achieved by
inserting additional non-printing slices of metal between the types, usually about an eighth of an
em wide. On typewriters a full space was used between the letters of an emphasized word and
also one before and one after the word. For black letter type boldface was not feasible, since
the letters were very dark in their standard format, and on (most) typewriters only a single type
was available. Although letter-spacing was common, sometimes different typefaces (e.g.
Schwabacher inside Fraktur), underlining or colored, usually red ink were used instead. Since
blackletter type remained in use in German speaking parts of Europe much longer than
anywhere else, the custom of letter-spacing is sometimes seen as specific to German, although
it has been used with other languages, including English.[9] Especially in German, however, this
kind of emphasis may also be used within modern type, e.g. where italics already serve another
semantic purpose (as in linguistics) and where no further means of emphasis (e.g. small caps)
are easily available or feasible. Its professional use today is very limited in German. This use of
spacing is also traditionally found in Polish.[10] German orthographic (or rather typographic) rules
require that the mandatory blackletter ligatures are retained. That means, ſt, ch, ck, and tz are

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
still stuck together just as the letter ß, whereas optional, additional ligatures like ff and ſi are
broken up with a (small) space in between. Other writing systems did not develop such
sophisticated rules since spacing was so uncommon therein. In Cyrillic typography, it also used
to be common to emphasize words using letter-spaced type. This practice for Cyrillic has
become obsolete with the availability of Cyrillic italic and small capital fonts.[11]

Underlining - Professional Western typesetting usually does not employ lines under letters for
emphasis within running text, because it is considered too distracting.Underlining is, however,
often used with typewriters, in handwriting and with some non-alphabetic scripts. It is also used
for secondary emphasis, i.e. marks added by the reader and not the author.

Overling - In Arabic, it is traditional to emphasize text by drawing a line over the letters.[12]

Punctuation marks - Sometimes quotation marks are used for emphasis. However, this
clashes with the general understanding of how the marks are properly used, particularly scare
quotes, and can leave the reader with a different impression than intended.[13]

In Chinese, emphasis in body text is supposed to be indicated by using an "emphasis mark" (着

重號／着重号), which is a dot placed under each character to be emphasized. This is still taught
in schools but in practice it is not usually done, probably due to the difficulty of doing this using
most computer software. Consequently, methods used for emphasis in Western text are often
used instead, even though they are considered inappropriate for Chinese (for example, the use
of underlining or setting text in oblique type).

In Japanese texts, when katakana would be inappropriate, emphasis is indicated by "emphasis

dots" (圏点 or 傍点) placed above the kanji and any accompanying furigana in horizontal writing
and to the right in vertical writing. Japanese also has an "emphasis line" (傍線) used in a similar
manner, but less frequently.

In Korean texts, a dot is placed above each Hangul syllable block or Hanja to be emphasized.[14]

In Armenian the շեշտ (šešt) sign ( ՛ ) is used.

In Internet usage, asterisks are sometimes used for emphasis (as in "That was *really* bad").
Less commonly, underscores may be used, resembling underlining ("That was _really_ bad").
These are seen on sites where input is restricted to plain text with no method to apply markup
tags (e.g. <i> for italics, or <b> for boldface). In some cases, the engine behind the text area

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
being parsed will render the text and the asterisks in bold automatically after the text is
submitted.

Color - Colors are important for emphasizing. Important words in a text may be colored
differently from others. For example, many dictionaries use a different color for headwords, and
some religious texts color the words of deities red, commonly referred to as rubric. In Ethiopic
script, red is used analogously to italics in Latin text.[15] Post-print emphasis added by a reader is
often done with highlighters which add a bright background color to usual black-on-white text.

Design - There are many designs. With both italics and boldface, the emphasis is correctly
achieved by swapping into a different font of the same family; for example by replacing body text
in Arial with its bold or italic style. Professional typographic systems, including most modern
computers, would therefore not simply tilt letters to the right to achieve italics (that is instead
referred to as slanting or oblique), print them twice or darker for boldface, or scale majuscules to
the height of middle-chamber minuscules (like x and o) for small-caps, but instead use entirely
different typefaces that achieve the effect. The letter 'w', for example, looks quite different in
italic compared to upright. As a result, typefaces therefore have to be supplied at least fourfold
(with computer systems, usually as four font files): as regular, bold, italic, and bold italic to
provide for all combinations. Professional typefaces sometimes offer even more variations for
popular fonts, with varying degrees of blackness. Only if such fonts are not available should the
effect of italic or boldface be imitated by algorithmically altering the original font. The modern
Latin-alphabet system of fonts appearing in two standard weights, with the styles being regular
(or "Roman"), italic, bold and bold italic is a relatively recent development, dating to the early
twentieth century. Modern "Roman" type was developed around the 1470s, while italic type was
developed around 1500 and was commonly used for emphasis by the early 17th century. Bold
type did not arrive until the nineteenth century, and at first fonts did not have matching bold
weights; instead a generic bold, sometimes a Clarendon or other kind of slab-serif, would be
swapped in.[16] In some books printed before bold type existed, emphasis could be shown by
switching to blackletter.[17][18] Some font families intended for professional use in documents
such as business reports may also make the bold-style numbers take up the same width as the
regular (non-bold) numbers, so a bold-style total lines up below the digits of the sum in regular
style.[19]

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
Linguistics professor Larry Trask stated that "It is possible to write an entire word or phrase in
capital letters in order to emphasize it", but adds that "On the whole, though, it is preferable to
express emphasis, not with capital letters, but with italics."[20] Many university researchers and
academic journal editors advise not to use italics, or other approaches to emphasizing a word,
unless essential, for example the Modern Language Association "discourages the use of italics
in academic prose to emphasize or point, because they are unnecessary—most often, the
unadorned words do the job without typographic assistance".[21] Although emphasis is useful in
speech, and so has a place in informal or journalistic writing, in academic traditions it is often
suggested that italics are only used where there is a danger of misunderstanding the meaning
of the sentence, and even in that case that rewriting the sentence is preferable; in formal writing
the reader is expected to interpret and understand the text themselves, without the assumption
that the precise intended interpretation of the author is correct. Italics are principally used in
academic writing for texts that have been referenced, and for foreign language words. Similarly
capitals and underlining have particular meanings, and are rarely used in formal writing for
emphasis.

References - ^ Twyman, Michael. "The Bold Idea: The Use of Bold-looking Types in the Nineteenth Century". Journal of the
Printing Historical Society. 22 (107–143).

● ^ Bigelow, Charles; Holmes, Kris. "On Font Weight". Bigelow & Holmes. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
● ^ This technique may also be used to "deemphasise" text, as in the "Concordant Literal (Bible)" (OT, ISBN
0910424098; NT, ISBN 0910424144): "The type is large and readable, with boldface representing the actual
English translation of the original Hebrew and Greek and lightface showing English words added for idiomatic
clarity or to reflect grammatical significance."
● ^ Butterick, Matthew. "All Caps". Practical Typography.
● ^ "Why is your Contract YELLING AT YOU? All Caps in Contracts, Explained". Shake Law. Retrieved 29 July
2015.
● ^ Garner, Bryan A. (2013). Legal writing in plain English: a text with exercises (Second ed.). University of Chicago
Press. ISBN 978-0226283937. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
● ^ Butterick, Matthew. "Small caps". Practical Typography. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
● ^ An example of an English translation of Russian original, with a non-typewriter font (i.e. variable-width letters) is
in Eigeles, M. A., Kinetics of adhesion of mineral particles to air bubbles in flotation suspensions, Comptes
Rendus (Doklady) de l'Académie des sciences de l'URSS, XXXIV(4), 340–344, 1939.
● ^ Example: Schäfer EA, Canney EL, Tunstall JO. On the rhythm of muscular response to volitional impulses in
man. The Journal of Physiology 1886;VII(2):111–117. [1]
● ^ Jak zaznaczyć emfazę? – PWN
● ^ Bringhurst: The Elements of Typographic Style, version 3.0, page 32
● ^ Charette, François (2010). "ArabXeTeX: an ArabTeX-like interface for typesetting languages in Arabic script with
XeLaTeX" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
● ^ "The 'emphatic' use of quotation marks | Macmillan Dictionary Blog". 3 March 2014.
● ^ "Hangul/Korean (draft)". Retrieved 2 January 2020.
● ^ Hudson, John (2003). "RED, WHITE & BLACK True colors?".
● ^ Tracy, Walter. Letters of Credit. pp. 65–6. The other kind of secondary type, the related bold face, is a
twentieth-century creation. Although the use of bold type for emphasis in text began when display advertising
became a feature of the family magazines of the mid-nineteenth century, the bold types themselves were
Clarendons, Ionics and Antiques quite unrelated to the old styles and moderns used for the text. As late as 1938
the Monotyp

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
 ● e Recorder, a distinguished British journal of typography, could say, "The 'related bold' is a comparatively new
phenomenon in the history of type cutting."
● ^ Mosley, James. "Comments on Typophile thread 'Where do bold typefaces come from?'". Typophile. Archived
from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016. For the record, the Clarendon type of the
Besley foundry is indeed the first type actually designed as a 'related bold' – that is, made to harmonize in design
and align with the roman types it was set with. It was registered in Britain in 1845...but the idea of a 'bold face'
goes back much further. Before the launch of Clarendon type printers picked out words in slab-serifs or any other
heavy type. In the 18th century they used 'English' or 'Old English' types, which is why they became known as
'black letter'. John Smith says in his Printer's grammar (London, 1755). 'Black Letter ... is sometimes used ... to
serve for matter which the Author would particularly enforce to the reader.'
● ^ Frere-Jones, Tobias. "From The Collection: 012". Frere-Jones Type. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
● ^ "Gotham Numerics". Hoefler & Frere-Jones. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
● ^ Trask, Larry (1997). "Capital Letters".
● ^ "Is it OK to italicize a word for emphasis in my paper? – the MLA Style Center". 23 January 2018.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emphasis_(typography i removed the spacing and entering section

of this guide due to spacing already being covered here; however, i’ll still provide a couple links
on the topic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_spacing_in_language_and_style_guides,
https://en.m.wikipedia.org An additional source for italics to be known as a set off is the
Chicago Manual of Style sixteenth edition chapter 8:2 “Chicago prefers italics to set off the
titles of major or freestanding works such as books, journals, movies, and paintings. This
practice extends to cover the names of ships and other craft, species names, and legal cases”.

Dog-Latin, American-Sign-Language, hocus pocus, anti-language, block language

Dog-Latin is WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE ANCIENT-LATIN-LANGUAGE WITHOUT THE USE OF

HYPHENS. Dog-Latin - The Latin of illiterate persons. Latin words put together on the English
grammatical system. Black’s law dictionary fifth edition page 433. Meaning that it is not part
of any language and makes up a language for itself without any meaning and hence
grammatically reading absolutely nothing at all. THIS ALL UPPERCASE TEXT STYLE IS ALSO
KNOWN AS American-Sign-Language found in the Chicago Manual of Style in the foreign
language section chapter 11:144–11:147 the only real difference from Dog-Latin is the actual
font size. Most computers don't even have the software capability to write it, therefore writing it
in Dog-Latin is acceptable for American-Sign-Language how to actually spot
American-Sign-Language is its font size, IT IS WRITTEN IN DOG LATIN IN ALL UPPERCASE
TEXT STYLE though it is half of the font size and uses the hyphen just like Ancient-Latin. This is
why Dog-Latin is also known as American-Sign-Language because most computers don't have
the software installed to write American-Sign-Language as its intended and that Dog-Latin is to
be used in its stead as an alternative only hyphenated (hence, David-Wynn; Miller’s writing style
was either Ancient Latin (but didn’t follow the grammatical rules of Ancient Latin) or considered
as American-Sign-Language (but not following the grammatical rules of ASL) and certainly
was/is not English; see Borkholder v. PNC Bank Nat’l Ass’n Cause No.: 3:12-CV-312-TLS
(N.D. Ind. Aug. 8, 2012) https://casetext.com dismissed on grounds of being unintelligible, and
failure to state a claim. See also, United States v. Pflum Case 5:04-cr-40008-SAC Document
166 Filed 08/21/13 dismissed for incomprehensible, indecipherable, and nonsensical words,
symbols, unintelligible, incoherent. This case lists 21 separate other cases within from
David-Wynn: Miller, Russel-Jay: Gould, and others thrown out and dismissed for the same

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
reasons. https://www.govinfo.gov). THIS ILLITERATE LANGUAGE IS LITERALLY IN YOUR
FACE EVERYWHERE YOU LOOK OR GO TO READ ANYTHING AT ALL AND THE FUNNY
PART IS THIS READS ABSOLUTELY NOTHING AT ALL YET YOU ARE READING IT JUST
FINE THINKING THAT THIS IS THE English-Language AND THAT IS SO VERY FAR FROM
THE TRUTH. IN NO WAY SHAPE OR FORM IS THIS CONSIDERED TO BE SHOUTING IN
WRITTEN FORM, PEOPLE TEND TO MAKE UP EXCUSES FOR DOING SOMETHING THEY
FOUND OUT THAT THEY WERE WRONG ABOUT ALL ALONG, NO MORE EXCUSES THIS
IS NOT SHOUTING AND IT CERTAINLY IS NOT English. Hocus Pocus - Coined by Fred W.
Householder in 1952 in reference to linguists who did not ascribe any reality to the unit
categories et cetera as they establish as opposed to God’s truth as linguists who did. Oxford
concise dictionary of linguistics page 176. Hocus-Pocus - Meaningless talk or activity, often
designed to draw attention away from and disguise what is actually happening.
HOCUS-POCUS English Definition and Meaning | Lexico.com Anti-language - Anti-languages,
a term created by the linguist MAK Halliday, are a way of communicating within a language that
excludes outsiders. An anti-language uses the same grammar and words as the main speech
community, but uses them in a different way so that they can only be understood by insiders.
Cockney rhyming slang is an example, where words that are familiar to all of the speech
community are only understood by 'those in the know', the people who understand their true
meaning within the minority speech community. Anti Languages are often used by criminals and
people on the fringes of society, who do not want to be understood by everybody.
https://www.usingenglish.com/. Block language - The form of language used in newspaper
headlines, in cables, in notices, on labels of products, and so on. Distinguished by specific rules
or patterns, which have developed in part independently of those in ordinary language. Oxford
concise dictionary of linguistics page 43. Which is an argot. Argot - The jargon or slang of a
particular group, class or criminal. ARGOT | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com.
Therefore, THE USE OF THIS HAS ABSOLUTELY NO LEXICON. Lexicon - The vocabulary of
a person, language, or branch of knowledge. LEXICON English Definition and Meaning |
Lexico.com. Meaning that there is no style manual, codification, and no institutional
endorsement; it simply cannot be read or have comprehension. The funny thing is it’s written on
nearly all government documents, forms, etc. Hmmm, i wonder why that is? It can't be that our
nation is run and operated by a fraudulent, counterfeit government known as a Suzerainty can
it? Suzerainty - is a relationship in which one state or other polity controls the foreign policy and
relations of a tributary state, while allowing the tributary state to have internal autonomy.[1] The
dominant state is called the "suzerain".
Suzerainty differs from sovereignty in that the tributary state is technically independent, but
enjoys only limited self-rule. Although the situation has existed in a number of historical empires,
it is considered difficult to reconcile with 20th- or 21st-century concepts of international law
(Unidroit), in which sovereignty is a binary which either exists or does not. While a sovereign
state can agree by treaty to become a protectorate of a stronger power, modern international
law does not recognise any way of making this relationship compulsory on the weaker power.
Suzerainty is a practical, de facto situation, rather than a legal, de jure one. Suzerainty -
Wikipedia

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
Chicago Manual of Style sixteenth edition chapter 8:68 NAMES WITH UNUSUAL
CAPITALIZATION: Parts of names given in full capitals on the letterhead or in promotional
materials of particular organizations may be given in upper- and lowercase when referred to in
other contexts (e.g.,“the Rand Corporation” rather than “the RAND Corporation”). Company
names that are spelled in lowercase letters in promotional materials may be Capitalized (e.g.,
DrKoop.net rather than drkoop.net). Names like eBay and iPod, should they appear at the
beginning of a sentence or heading, need not take an initial capital in addition to the capitalized
second letter. See also 8:153 Meaning that ALL CAPITALIZED CORPORATION NAMES
should never appear anywhere in any other body of text other than a letterhead (header) and
promotional material; otherwise, it’s fraud or counterfeit. Why only letterheads, and promotional
material? Because letterheads (headers) are not part of a document or book as explained in
greater detail herein; promotional material follows the rules of Block language and
advertisement (typography) only and is not considered to be legitimate (reality), kinda like
cartoon writing and magazine writing. [emphasis added by me]

Diglossia - A situation in which two languages (or two varieties of the same language) are used
under different conditions within a community, often by the same speakers. The term is usually
applied to languages with distinct ‘high’ and ‘low’ (colloquial) varieties, such as Arabic. diglossia
definition - Search (bing.com)
Satan the Serpent the usurper
English
↓ ← Shape of snake tongue
↙↘
Doublespeak → English + American-Sign-Language
Babel - the confusing sound of many people talking at the same time or using different
languages BABEL | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. One obvious limitation of the
use of glosses from the spoken / written language to represent signs is that there is no
one-to-one correspondence (jurisdiction) between the words or signs in any two languages.
Chicago Manual of Style seventeenth edition chapter 11:128 page 666

Typography - Typography definition is the art of writing text in such a way that it appeals to the
viewers. It includes the various font styles, character spacing, line spacing, and size of the text.
Typography can make the text more visually appealing, easier to read, and engaging for
readers. While the right content is a cornerstone in marketing, typography gives the text an
appeal that provides the initial hook for your ad, blog, brochure, etc. The design may not seem
like an important step when you consider writing, but anything that looks great, is easy to read,
and is legible is bound to engage a reader more than just bland text. What is Typography? |
Definition, Tips, and Examples (imaginated.com)

Constructed language

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
An artificial or constructed language (known colloquially as a conlang among aficionados), is

a language whose phonology, grammar and vocabulary are specifically devised by an individual

or small group, rather than having naturally evolved as part of a culture as with natural

languages. Some are designed for use in human communication (usually to function as

international auxiliary languages), but others are created for use in fiction, linguistic

experimentation, secrecy (codes), or for the experience of doing so (artistic languages,

language games). These languages are sometimes associated with constructed worlds.

Constructed language | Tolkien Languages | Fandom

Forgery - Forgery is the act of criminally altering or creating a written instrument for the purpose

of deceit or fraud. A typical example of forgery is signing another person’s name to a check.

Another way that forgery occurs is when a piece of artwork is copied, represented to the buyer

as authentic, and sold at the same value as the original. What Is a Forgery? - Meaning and

Definition - Infotracer Glossary USE OF THIS WRITING IS FORGERY. [emphasis added by me]

GLOSSA VIPERINA EST QUIE CORRODIT VISCERA TEXTUS. 11 Coke, 34 . It is a poisonous

gloss which corrupts the essence of the text.

Include

For the most part, the word include means that when you include something then you literally
exclude everything else. People tend to include many things but fail to realize that they just
excluded everything else that they were expecting to be included.

Include - (Lat. Inclaudere, to shut in, keep within.) To confine within, hold as in an inclosure,
take in, attain, shut up, contain, inclose, comprise, comprehend, embrace, involve. Term may,
according to context, express an enlargement and have the meaning of and or in addition to, or
merely specify a particular thing already included within general words theretofore used.
"Including" within statute is interpreted as a word of enlargement or of illustrative application as
well as a word of limitation. Premier Products Co. v. Cameron, 240 Or. 123, 400 P.2d 227,
228. Black’s law dictionary fifth edition page 687.

Exclude - 1 a: to prevent or restrict the entrance of. b: to bar from participation, consideration,
or inclusion. 2: to expel or bar, especially from a place or position previously occupied. Exclude
Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
Funny how when you research the word birth and child, birth includes stillbirth and child
includes a stillborn child. Sources: Births, Deaths, and Marriages Registration Act 1995 No.
62 NSW. Definition section: 4 Definitions(1)
In this Act—

adult means a person who is 18 or above or, although under 18, is or has been married.

birth includes a stillbirth.

birth certificate means a certificate issued under section 49 as to the particulars contained in an
entry in the Register in relation to a person’s birth.

birth registration statement see section 14.

change of name includes an addition, omission or substitution.

child includes a stillborn child.

corresponding law means a law of another State that provides for the registration of births,
deaths and marriages.

death does not include a stillbirth. BarNet Jade - Find recent Australian legal decisions,
judgments, case summaries for legal professionals (Judgments And Decisions Enhanced)

Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 2003:

birth means the expulsion or extraction of a child from its mother.

birth entry means an entry in the register of births.

birth registration application see section 9.

cause of death certificate see section 30. certificate includes an extract.

child includes a stillborn child. Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 2003
(legislation.qld.gov.au)

Vital Statistics and Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act, 1952:

2.—(1) Statistics in relation to

the following matters shall be
vital statistics for the purposes
of this section:—

(a) births,

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 (b) deaths,

(c) marriages,

(d) any other matters (including, in particular,

fetal deaths) which the Minister may by
regulations appoint to be matters as
respects which statistics relating thereto
shall be vital statistics. Vital Statistics and
Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration
Act, 1952 (irishstatutebook.ie) At least this
particular one is in parentheses, which is
considered removed from the page.
[emphasis added by me]

Yep, claiming the name on your birth certificate you’re considered dead. [emphasis added by
me] A maxim of law: expressio unius est exclusio alterius. a principle in statutory
construction: when one or more things of a class are expressly mentioned others of the same
class are excluded. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius Definition & Meaning -
Merriam-Webster Example: 30,000 Doctors around the world, including Dr. Spauke says all
fluoride is good. Only Dr. Spauke says it because he was the only one included.

The colon and semicolon

There is truly way too much to hit on and talk about with the usage of the colon and semicolon.
Therefore, i am only going to touch base with where y’all are needing to use the colon in your
name, as well as where y’all tend to need it with listing your facts, conditions, etc.. The colon is
primarily used to introduce a series (a list), an example, a definition, or an explanation (can be
used in place of the word because). The colon is a punctuation mark that when used in a writing
style it typically means of the, for the, with the, by the, way of, etc.. So, when you see it such as
By: William-Kevin: Rigby. What this means and says in written form is By way of William-Kevin
of the Rigby family without the need to say all of that with just using the punctuation mark colon.
I hope this brings closure on the use of the colon in your name as you are adding it to your
name along with beneficiary as being part of your correct given name and Estate name known
as the family name. I will talk more about names herein shortly under the name section. Now
let’s talk about the use of the colon and semicolon usage when you are making a list. When you
are making a list it should be in a similar format as the example i’m about to share. Example of a
list as follows: ← proper placement of the colon.

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 ● My bicycle; ← proper placement of the semicolon to roll off to your next point.
● My automobile; ← if i use a period instead of a semicolon it closes your list.
● My clothing;
● My assets;
● My house. ← here i’m closing my list, therefore the period is needed to close the list.

As you now see how to properly make a list using the colon and semicolon, i’ll now show you
where the majority make grammatical errors. Example of grammatical errors of list’s as follows:

1. ← a numerical number was just used, that has no jurisdiction within written form of
English words (which i will discuss herein shortly), as well, a period is used here. ↑ you
just learned that the use of a period closes your list. Therefore, you just closed your list
before you even began. Interesting but nonetheless very factual.

Another example of common mistakes. Example as follows:

A. My bicycle. ← are you starting to recognise the errors?

B. My automobile. ← the period is used after the lettered list stopping your list before it
begins.
C. My clothing. ← if by chance you happen to overlook the first period used after the letter
A, well there's yet another period used after the word bicycle thus still stopping your list.
D. My assets.
Easy Rules for Semi Colons and Colon - Owlcation

The hyphen, en dash, and em dash

The hyphen - Usage: join compound words like twenty-four, eye-to-eye, step-by-step. Chicago
Manual of Style sixteenth edition chapter 6.75 – 6.77

The en dash – Usage: means “to” or “through” used in span or range of numbers like 2018 –
2022. Chicago Manual of Style sixteenth edition chapter 6.78 – 6.81

The em dash — Usage: versatile punctuation mark and can take the place of comma, colon, or
parenthesis. A short video under 4 minutes can teach you the usage and how to create them
using your computer. Chicago Manual of Style sixteenth edition chapter 6.82 – 6.91
https://youtu.be/iRMzSgUEVlM
The em dash is an elongated dash or an elongated hyphen. It has many uses. It can be used to
replace the comma—it can be used to replace the parenthesis—it can be used to replace a
colon—and most importantly it can be used as what is known as a sentence interrupter. Being
used as a sentence interrupter is the trickery and deception i wish to teach you here today. I am
going to give an example of the em dash used as a sentence interrupter.

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Example: The crime community known as Law enforcement has the evidence—if you wish to
see it. For some time now the States used to be known as the states. Also at one particular time
the states together were known as the united states of America now they are known as the
United States of America and even more popular is the United States. Writing in different ways
has different meanings, and almost no one catches on. Sometimes things written and read have
different meanings by grammatical style and use of grammatical symbols as you learned today.
Last week the fire department personnel were very active on the street i live on, finding—of a
murder scene among the ashes of the burnt down home.

The example is over, now let’s talk about the example given. The paragraph starts out with a
sentence using the em dash. How can one determine just how the writer used the em dash?
That's a great question and it is hard to determine, except when you view the grammatical style
of the writer. As you see in the paragraph the writer used a comma, therefore i can now
eliminate that the writer used it as a comma being that they used one in their paragraph.
Therefore, the detective within you must still search for clues. Did the writer use it as a
parenthesis replacement? No, because to use it as a parenthesis replacement they would have
an additional em dash on the other side kinda almost like the use of multiple commas. So, i now
narrowed it down to being a colon or a sentence interrupter. Being that the em dash is placed in
the middle of a sentence and not in the beginning of the sentence removes the notion that it was
used as a colon because most colon usages usually happen at the beginning of someone's
sentence, or statement. Awesome, so we are now left with only the possibility of it being used as
a sentence interrupter. Now let’s go back to read the paragraph as we now know what the
writer's intentions were for the use of the em dash. The writer starts out by saying: The crime
community known as law enforcement has the evidence. Then we see the em dash. The proper
way to read this as the em dash we now know was used as a sentence interrupter. We need to
find another em dash somewhere in the text to pick up on the same sentence that we left off on
where we spotted the first em dash. Therefore, the next em dash is located and you must add
what was written after the second em dash and join it behind the first em dash spotted. Hence
to figure out the writer’s true thoughts and true sentence meaning which reads: The crime
community known as law enforcement has the evidence of a murder scene among the ashes of
the burnt down home. Now take a look back at the original paragraph and view how i came up
with this completed sentence. The first em dash was after the word evidence and the second
em dash was before the words of a murder, which is were you must join the two as if it were one
sentence because it rightfully is. Where you’ll most commonly find the use of this deceptive
practice is in legislature, laws, and contracts. Please be aware of the em dash now that you
know what it is and how it is used. How To Signal An Interruption In Legal Writing? - daitips.com
Has great examples of sentence interrupters.

Footnotes (footers), Headers (letterheads), and side Margins

I particularly love footnotes because it adds a very professional look to your document.
However, i don't use them as you’ll soon see why. Headers, footers also known as footnotes,
and margins have their own jurisdiction on any given page or document also known as the
gutter or otherwise known as a Ro within margin typography https://en.m.wikipedia.org.

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
 Meaning that they can be used as reference but have absolutely zero meaning for the body of
the text of the page or document. Definition of marginal 1: written or printed in the margin of a
page or sheet (marginal notes) 2 a: of, relating to, or situated at a margin or border b: not of
central importance regards violence as a marginal rather than a central problem also : limited in
extent, significance, or stature had only marginal success with the business c (1): occupying the
borderland of a relatively stable territorial or cultural area (marginal tribes) (2): characterized by
the incorporation of habits and values from two divergent (see DIVERGENT sense 1) cultures
and by incomplete assimilation (see ASSIMILATE entry 1 sense 2a) in either the marginal
cultural habits of new immigrant groups (3): excluded from or existing outside the mainstream of
society, a group, or a school of thought (marginal voters) 3: located at the fringe of
consciousness (marginal sensations) 4 a: close to the lower limit of qualification, acceptability, or
function : barely exceeding the minimum requirements a semi literate person of marginal ability
b (1): having a character or capacity fitted to yield a supply of goods which when marketed at
existing price levels will barely cover the cost of production (marginal land) (2): of, relating to, or
derived from goods produced and marketed with such result (marginal profits) 5: relating to or
being a function of a random variable that is obtained from a function of several random
variables by integrating or summing over all possible values of the other variables (a marginal
probability function). https://www.merriam-webster.com Definition of Ro: an artificial language
intended to be international that rejects all existing words and roots and is based on analysis
and classification of ideas. Ro Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Synonyms for marginal
Peripheral, borderline, inexact, minimal, minor, unimportant, small, bare, insignificant, negligible,
fringy, slight, coastal, edge, doubtful, rimming, skirting, subordinate, bordering. This was just a
small list of many negative words attached to marginal from Marginal synonyms - 410 Words
and Phrases for Marginal (powerthesaurus.org) Most people like to use the footnote to add
highly imperative laws and such to the text of the footnote. Thereby, losing the imperative law
they thought was important enough to add as a footnote, because it has no correlation with the
body of the text of the page or document. If it’s important enough for one to add a footnote it is
highly recommended to put it within the body of the text of the page or document or it's lost and
has no meaning for the body of the text of that particular page or document. A footer typically
contains information about the author of the section, copyright data or links to related
documents. The only way a footnote can be used in the body of your text to have meaning is
either specifically reference said footnote or use superscript numbers such as¹ or⁵ if not as
aforementioned you’ll lose the importance of what you put within the footnote. Even so, by
referencing your footnote or using superscript numbers all readers will not bat an eye to even
look at the reference in said footnote and as you’ve read here it’s best to stay away from using
them. https://developer.mozzilla.org or https://depts.washington.edu (explains to convert
parenthetically cited papers into footnotes; if they’re parenthetical that means that they’re aside
or set off). A great video to watch on the subject (9) HYPHEN-GLITCH - YouTube or
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwNfi94tgD0

Pronouns, Proper Nouns, and Capitalization

Definition of pronoun

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1 plural pronouns : any of a small set of words (such as I, she, he, you, it, we, or they) in a
language that are used as substitutes for nouns or noun phrases and whose referents are
named or understood in the context

2 pronouns plural : the third person personal pronouns (such as he/him, she/her, and they/them)
that a person goes by

What are your pronouns?

"I'm Jo, my pronouns are she/her." "I'm Jade, my pronouns are they/them."

… many people with nonbinary genders use "they" and "their" pronouns, although language and
gender expression vary widely.

What is a pronoun?

A pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase. Pronouns refer to either a
noun that has already been mentioned or to a noun that does not need to be named specifically.

The most common pronouns are the personal pronouns, which refer to the person or people
speaking or writing (first person), the person or people being spoken to (second person), or
other people or things (third person). Like nouns, personal pronouns can function as either the
subject of a verb or the object of a verb or preposition: "She likes him, but he loves her." Most of
the personal pronouns have different subject and object forms:

There are a number of other types of pronouns. The interrogative pronouns—particularly what,
which, who, whom, and whose—introduce questions for which a noun is the answer, as in
"Which do you prefer?"

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 Possessive pronouns refer to things or people that belong to someone. The main possessive
pronouns are mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs.

The four demonstrative pronouns—this, that, these, and those—distinguish the person or thing
being referred to from other people or things; they are identical to the demonstrative adjectives.

Relative pronouns introduce a subordinate clause, a part of a sentence that includes a subject
and verb but does not form a sentence by itself. The main relative pronouns are that, which,
who, whom, what, and whose.

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of a sentence or clause and are formed by adding
-self or -selves to a personal pronoun or possessive adjective, as in myself, herself, ourselves,
and itself.

Indefinite pronouns, such as everybody, either, none, and something, do not refer to a specific
person or thing, and typically refer to an unidentified or unfamiliar person or thing.

The words it and there can also be used like pronouns when the rules of grammar require a
subject but no noun is actually being referred to. Both are usually used at the beginning of a
sentence or clause, as in "It was almost noon" and "There is some cake left." These are
sometimes referred to as expletives. Pronoun Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

Definition of proper noun

: a noun that designates a particular being or thing, does not take a limiting modifier, and is
usually capitalized in English— called also proper name.

Examples of proper noun in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web

Norris immediately protested to the judges: Nemesis, the goddess of divine retribution and
revenge, was technically a proper noun and not an eligible word.
— BostonGlobe.com, 12 July 2021
Next month will mark 100 years since one of the most unusual team names in college
sports--the Wonder Boys--first appeared as a proper noun in print.
— Rex Nelson, Arkansas Online, 31 Oct. 2020
Edward and Annie liked inventing proper nouns for their world.
— Hilary Leichter, Harper's Magazine, 25 May 2020
And the characters in a proper noun like Boston (波士顿, bōshìdùn) or the US (美国, měiguó) do
not mean the same thing once split apart.
— John Keefe, Quartz, 27 Dec. 2019

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
 The hearings leading to the articles of impeachment introduced a few proper nouns that cannot
be found in the dictionary.
— Mary Norris, The New Yorker, 12 Dec. 2019
These speeches operate in the shadow of proper nouns: the Military-Industrial Complex
Speech, the Berlin Speech, the Malaise Speech.
— Charles Homans, New York Times, 9 Apr. 2018
Above all is just the precision, the proper nouns and compound German nouns and the painterly
attention to detail.
— Daniel Torday, San Francisco Chronicle, 23 May 2018
One was antonomasia, the usually derisive practice of describing an individual by a certain
characteristic, then making it into a proper noun.
— Lynda Robinson, Washington Post, 15 May 2018 Proper noun Definition & Meaning -
Merriam-Webster

Definition of capitalization

1 a: the act or process of capitalizing

b: a sum resulting from a process of capitalizing

c: the total liabilities of a business including both ownership capital and borrowed capital

d: the total par value or the stated value of no-par issues of authorized stock

2: the use of a capital letter in writing or printing Capitalization Definition & Meaning -
Merriam-Webster

Chicago Manual of Style chapter 8 covers Names and proper capitalization. There’s
entirely way too much to cover in this section; therefore, i’ll be providing a pdf copy of the
sixteenth edition along with this guide. If by chance you aren't able to get a copy along with this
guide you can obtain a copy at: PDF Drive - Search and download PDF files for free. Or
https://www.pdfdrive.com

Name positioning, correction, signature, and autograph

Many people are stumped when it comes to how to properly write their name when their
particular name differs from the majority. Therefore, i’m going to give examples of names in

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
nearly every situation that may apply to you personally. The first thing i’d like to do is go over the
difference between a signature and an autograph. A Signature is the act of putting one's name
at the end of an instrument to attest its validity; the name thus written. A signature may be
written by hand, printed, stamped, typewritten, engraved, photographed, or cut from one
instrument and attached to another, and a signature lithographed on an instrument by a party is
sufficient for the purpose of signing it; it being immaterial with what kind of instrument a
signature is made. An Autograph is One's handwriting; written with one's own hand. Both
definitions are from Black’s law dictionary 5th edition. Now let’s move to proper grammar when
writing one’s name. Examples:

I: John-Henry: Family of Doe, beneficiary (the majority of people will use this style of doing our
documents).

II: John-Henry: Doe, beneficiary (the majority of people will use this style).

III: John: Doe, beneficiary (for those who don't have a second or middle name).

IV: John-H.: Doe, beneficiary (for those who know someone's middle initial but don't know their
full name).

V: John-Henry: Doe junior, beneficiary (for those who have suffixes, the first letter must remain
lowercase when fully written out as junior or senior).

VI: John-Henry: Doe Jr, beneficiary (for those who have suffixes, but wish to only abbreviate, the
first letter must be capitalized).

VII: Mary-Jane: and John-Henry: Doe, beneficiaries (for those married couples needing to be on
the same document the woman’s name goes first unless you wish to use the fiction Mr. and Mrs.
then the Mr. is always before the Mrs. such as Mr. and Mrs. Doe).

Now how to make an Autograph. Examples:

I: John: Doe (Proper English lawful given name title, separated from the shared family name.
Punctuated as a fact but may be interpreted as a legal person created by the State).

II: By: John: Doe (Declares that you are called forth by way of John, of the family Doe. The use
of by properly estasblishes that you exist separately from any appellation or name, so you are
not in joinder, and only through the name is found the living agent).

III: By: John: Doe, All Rights Reserved (Declares that you are called by way of John, of the
family Doe, and that you have reserved all your Unalienable Rights from when you were born).

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IV: By: John: Doe, All Rights Reserved Without Prejudice (Declares that you have reserved all
your Unalienable Rights from when you were born, and that nothing you have written herein can
be used against you in the future).

V: By: John: Doe, Authorized Agent for JOHN DOE ( Declares that you are the private
Authorized Agent for the publicly registered JOHN DOE artificial person trade name created by
the State).

VI: By: John: Doe, Principal Creditor/Grantor (Declares that you are the private originator of all
value, commercial or otherwise,that has or can ever descend to the public JOHN DOE artificial
person).

VII: By: John-Henry: Doe-Rae By: Sovereign: John-Henry: of the family Doe-Rae, sui juris,
unlimited Grantor, Authorized Agent and Representative for JOHN DOE©™ ens legis and all
derivatives thereof All Rights Reserved Without Prejudice (Declares that you are a sovereign
called by John: of the of the families Doe and Rae, own master sui juris without legal limits,
Grantor for your Estate, private Authorized Agent/Representative for the trademark registered
ens legis company, however depicted with All Rights Reserved Without Prejudice).

VIII: By: John-Henry (with thumbprint over the name John-Henry) All Rights Reserved - Without
Prejudice - Non Assumpsit (A thumbprint autograph can be a thumbprint alone in red ink, or it
can be over-scribed with any handwritten autograph in a different color such as blue, for clarity it
is used to evidently declare your living standing, such as on living identification, affidavits, and
on legal/lawful Notices. It is often followed by a further declaration confirming your living rights,
and protecting yourself from liability. It absolutely rebuts any presumption that you are acting in
joinder to a dead artificial legal person. Obviously, no corporate legal fiction actor can make a
thumbprint autograph).

IX: By: John-Henry: Family of Doe, beneficiary (by adding a comma and beneficiary declares
that you are the beneficiary of the Cestui Que Trust JOHN HENRY DOE).

For unhyphenated compound names of lesser-known persons for whom proper usage cannot
be determined. Chicago Manual of Style sixteenth edition chapter 8:6

Never accept the title Mister (Mr.), especially in a courtroom setting, because it is an official
military title of a military man, usually known for anyone below the rank of a captain. Mister -
noun Official title of a military man, usually anyone below the rank of captain.
Etymology: Unaccented variant of master in french, influenced by magister in latin, maistre in
old french and Meister in german. What does mister mean? (definitions.net) i would imagine that
the same would go for women as well such as Missus (Mrs.) or Miss (Ms.) though i have
personally not found anything related, stay diligent ladies and be cautious. [Emphases added by
me]

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Now i wish to teach you how rightfully you are in fact the trustee of your name (not beneficiary),
and how you cannot be beneficiary of the Cestui Que Social Security Trust, because you hold
legal title. Argue and deny all you want, i’m going to provide you the evidence herein.

name - means nomen in Latin and a family name means cognomen. Funny thing is cognomen
also means surname; here’s what surname means in Latin:
surname
subrepo surrepo : to creep up or crawl up from below.
surculus : shoot, sprout.
surgo surrexi surrectum : to get up , arise.
sursum : upwards.
sursum deorsum : up and down. Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid

Genesis 1:26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them
have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over
all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.

Do you now see how you’ve been deceived, usurped into believing that the surname belongs to
you? They deceived us to use (consent and volunteer) the surname so that we as man and
woman lose our sovereign standing (equity and beneficiary) as man and woman making us that
creeping thing explained in Genesis 1:26, and to be ruled by man (the king/queen or the
Vatican). By accepting the birth certificate you give your consent to the joinder (incorporated) of
the Christian name (given name) and the family name (surname).

Maxim of law: non potest rex subditum renitetem onerare impositionibus. The king cannot load
a subject with imposition against his consent. 2 Inst. 61 Black’s law dictionary fourth revised
edition page 1204 Consent is already given by accepting the birth certificate and surname.
[emphasis added by me]

Maxim of law: equity does not aid a volunteer. Which draws from Milroy v. Lord (1862) EWHC
J78. By volunteering and consenting to accept the birth certificate and surname you can never
gain equity. [emphasis added by me]

A beneficiary cannot legally enforce a trust until it has been completely constituted, because the
beneficiary is treated as a volunteer,and equity will not aid a volunteer. A trust can only be
completely constituted when the legal title to the property has been transferred to the trustee(s)
or the settlor has declared themselves as trustee. Equity and Trusts/Constitution-Wikibooks
https://en.mwikibooks.org Our mothers are the Grantor of the Cestui Que Social Security Trust
and the state registrar is the first trustee of said trust; when we accept the birth certificate (legal
title) we volunteered and consented to be the trustee. Trustee of the trustee which makes the
first trustee the beneficiary by default. The Social Security number is an account number; that
number belongs to the creator of that number which is the Social Security Administration. By
accepting the number you become trustee of said number (same goes for any account number

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such as a bank account number, a credit card account number, a utility bill account number,
etc.). [emphasis added by me]

Cuius est solum est usque ad coelum et ad inferos. To whomever it belongs, it is his all the
way to the heavens and all the way to hell. https://www.oxfordreference.com

Acts 4:12 Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name (Christian or
given name) under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved. KJV

However, i concur with what Christopher Hauser is teaching by using and adding the word
beneficiary to our autograph; because it certainly works and Christopher has proven it to work in
and on many situations. Christopher found a way to invoke the status none of us rightfully hold
due to the consent and volunteering act of accepting the surname and the birth certificate (legal
title). How does it work if we hold legal title and volunteeringly consented to being trustee or
volunteeringly consented to accepting the surname? By Accession that's how, and that's how
Christopher and his methods work officially.

Accession Accession generally refers to the addition of something to personal property through
the addition of labor. Accession is derived from the civil law notion that a person has a right to
not only their property, but also to that which the property produces, either through natural or
artificial means. Accession may happen in three ways: (1) naturally; (2) artificially; (3) from the
combined operation of nature and industry.

1. Natural - The increase of an animal, the yield of fields, the rent of a house, etc., belong
to the owner of the animal fields, and house, respectively. Thus, the offspring of a female
animal is the property of her owner, even if it is the result of intercourse with a male
belonging to someone else.
2. Artificial - If the owner of a piece of leather can prove that it has been altered to be
turned into a pair of shoes, then under common law, that owner would retain title to such
shoes.
3. Mixed - An example of the third kind of accession is the building of a house on another's
ground, or the planting of trees or sowing of vegetables in another s field. The house,
trees, etc., belong to the master of the soil after making suitable compensation to the
builder, planter, etc. Accession Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc.

Due to adding the word beneficiary to one's name it is considered an accession (follow with me
here). Who created the joinder of the two names (Christion name and the surname, which both
belong to us separately not joined)? The state registrar did making them owner (though we
always was beneficiary until volunteeringly consenting to accept the legal title), and created a
legal title which we hold (hence making us trustee) making the registrar rightful owner, but by
adding the (accession) word beneficiary to our name we no longer accept legal title and the

This has nothing to do with the body of the text, please stop putting important information here.
addition belongs to the original owner which was us in the first place prior to holding legal title
(hence making us beneficiary again even after accepting legal title).

2 Corinthians 5

Our Heavenly Dwelling

5 For we know that if the tent that is our earthly home is destroyed, we have a building from
God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. 2 For in this tent we groan, longing
to put on our heavenly dwelling, 3 if indeed by putting it on[a] we may not be found naked. 4 For
while we are still in this tent, we groan, being burdened—not that we would be unclothed, but
that we would be further clothed, so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life. 5 He who
has prepared us for this very thing is God, who has given us the Spirit as a guarantee.

6 So we are always of good courage. We know that while we are at home in the body we are
away from the Lord, 7 for we walk by faith, not by sight. 8 Yes, we are of good courage, and we
would rather be away from the body and at home with the Lord. 9 So whether we are at home or
away, we make it our aim to please him. 10 For we must all appear before the judgment seat of
Christ, so that each one may receive what is due for what he has done in the body, whether
good or evil.

The Ministry of Reconciliation

11 Therefore, knowing the fear of the Lord, we persuade others. But what we are is known to
God, and I hope it is known also to your conscience. 12 We are not commending ourselves to
you again but giving you cause to boast about us, so that you may be able to answer those who
boast about outward appearance and not about what is in the heart. 13 For if we are beside
ourselves, it is for God; if we are in our right mind, it is for you. 14 For the love of Christ controls
us, because we have concluded this: that one has died for all, therefore all have died; 15 and he
died for all, that those who live might no longer live for themselves but for him who for their sake
died and was raised.

16 From now on, therefore, we regard no one according to the flesh. Even though we once
regarded Christ according to the flesh, we regard him thus no longer. 17 Therefore, if anyone is
in Christ, he is a new creation.[b] The old has passed away; behold, the new has come. 18 All
this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself and gave us the ministry of
reconciliation; 19 that is, in Christ God was reconciling[c] the world to himself, not counting their
trespasses against them, and entrusting to us the message of reconciliation. 20 Therefore, we
are ambassadors for Christ, God making his appeal through us. We implore you on behalf of
Christ, be reconciled to God. 21 For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in
him we might become the righteousness of God.

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 Numbers

Except for a few basic rules, spelling out numbers vs. using figures (also called numerals) is
largely a matter of writers' preference. Again, consistency is the key. Policies and philosophies
vary from medium to medium. America's two most influential style and usage guides have
different approaches:

The Associated Press Stylebook recommends spelling out the numbers zero through nine
and using numerals thereafter—until one million is reached. Here are four examples of how to
write numbers above 999,999 in AP style: 1 million; 20 million; 20,040,086; 2.7 trillion.

The Chicago Manual of Style recommends spelling out the numbers zero through one
hundred and using figures thereafter—except for whole numbers used in combination with
hundred, thousand, hundred thousand, million, billion, and beyond (e.g., two hundred;
twenty-eight thousand; three hundred thousand; one million). In Chicago style, as opposed to
AP style, we would write four hundred, eight thousand, and twenty million with no
numerals—but like AP, Chicago style would require numerals for 401; 8,012; and 20,040,086.

This is a complex topic, with many exceptions, and there is no consistency we can rely on
among blogs, books, newspapers, and magazines. This chapter will confine itself to rules that
all media seem to agree on. (However, it is highly recommended in academics to choose one
style and stick with it as to not mix styles).

Numbers are widely used within texts, forms, papers, instruments, documents, etc.. Just
because we see them being used doesn't mean that it is correct, in fact that's very far from the
truth. The numerical numbers 0123456789 have no jurisdiction to go along with the written
word. Example: Kim has 48 boxes of shoes. ← This is an incorrect usage of numbers. Kim has
forty-eight (48) boxes of shoes. ← This is a correct usage of numbers. Which is why sometimes
you’ll observe that numerical numbers are in parenthesis because that's where they truly belong
off of your page or document in parenthesis. Example: The third day of the third month in the
year of our Lord two-thousand-twenty-two (3-3-2022). Take note of the use of the hyphen being

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used. To properly write out a number in written form in the English language it must have joinder
otherwise they are written as individual numbers and not combined together as they should be
[Emphases added by me].

Codified Law and Copyright Material

All codified law, case law, maybe copyrighted material. Using such material without expressly
written permission you are in violation of copyright laws. Are all laws copyrighted? Great
question and me personally i’m still in search of the answer myself. To cover your ass it’s best to
have a disclaimer within your document for using such copyrighted material. i will provide an
example of a disclaimer. Disclaimer Example:
Disclaimer
i, :William-Kevin: Tribe of Rigby, beneficiary do not own rights and/or privileges related to the
copyrighted codified law and/or copyrighted material that i stated and/or used herein and was
merely stated and/or used herein for education, entertainment, reference purposes, and a
means to communicate of how i know and learned of the codified law and copyrighted material
stated or used herein! Therefore, i use them without prejudice and without recourse void where
prohibited by law.

Upon further research and study i came across an interesting article of information, i’ll highlight
important parts of it that you need to keep in mind, and i still suggest having a disclaimer within
your document when using any type of laws.

Supreme Court Rules That Annotations in Official Law Codes Are in Public Domain
By Stephen Fishman, J.D.
Laws and court decisions have always been in the public domain—they must be freely available
to everyone. This is because the government officials (legislators and judges) have created
them. State laws are published in collections (called "codes") that usually contain not just the
laws themselves, but various types of explanatory materials known as annotations. These
include legislative history (such as bill amendments and votes), lists of helpful reference
materials (such as law review articles), and summaries of legal opinions interpreting the state
laws. The State of Georgia claimed that it owned the copyright to the annotations contained in
its official state legal codes. The annotations were produced on behalf of the state legislature by
a private legal publisher through a work-for-hire agreement. An organization called
PublicResource.org published the Georgia codes online, including the annotations, without
obtaining the state's permission. Georgia sued the organization for copyright infringement. But
now, in a U.S. Supreme Court decision, the state has lost its lawsuit. As the Supreme Court

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noted, it has long held that there can be no copyright protection for any works that judges and
legislators create in the course of their judicial and legislative duties—including materials like
floor statements, committee reports, and proposed bills. In this case, the legislative commission
that created the annotations for the official Georgia code (through its work-for-hire agreement)
did so as part of its legislative duties. Thus, the annotations weren't eligible for copyright
protection. (Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc., 140 S.Ct. 1498 (April 27, 2020).) At least
22 states claim copyright in annotations included in their official codes. These copyright claims
are now invalid. However, the Supreme Court's decision did not invalidate copyright claims in
annotations included in unofficial codes—which are published by private legal publishers but not
officially adopted by the state involved. Legal publishers can, and do, claim copyright in
annotations they create themselves for these privately published codes. Supreme Court Rules
That Annotations in Official Law Codes Are in Public Domain | Nolo Note: do you see that
everywhere you see a source of law it's always in parentheses and or quotation marks removing
it from the page? It’s done like this on purpose to trick you to write it in the same manner to
remove it from the page in a grammatical sense. [emphases added by me]

The following proves the UCC are copyrighted:

Uniform Commercial Code

Copyright 1978, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2010, 2011,
2012 by The American Law Institute and the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform
State Laws; reproduced, published and distributed with the permission of the Permanent
Editorial Board for the Uniform Commercial Code for the limited purposes of study, teaching,
and academic research. Uniform Commercial Code | Uniform Commercial Code | US Law | LII /
Legal Information Institute (cornell.edu) Proof that UCC’s are copyrighted.

Verb, Adverb, Verb and Adjective writing style

This is my downfall when it comes to grammar (though, i'm still learning every day if i can). We
were all heavily indoctrinated to a point to where it’s very hard to drop the cognitive dissonance
that we all endure when trying to unlearn all of the lies we were all taught. We were taught to
never use prepositional phrases and positioning of certain words such as facts / nouns. Instead
we were taught to modify our facts / nouns; therefore, no fact is ever stated. Which makes me
think of the case law; statutory language must be read in context and a phrase gathers meaning
from the words around it, Jones v. United States, 527 U.S. 373, 389 (1999) and Jarecki v.

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G.D. Searle & Co., 367 U.S. 303, 307 (1961). Our writings and spoken words mean absolutely
nothing and have no facts backed up (in most instances). This is where learning Quantum
Parse Syntax Grammar comes into play, to teach how to actually write facts in written form
without using modifiers, modifying our facts. David-Wynn: Miller, inventor of the language known
as correct sentence structure communication quantum parse syntax grammar taught
fraud too. He made up his own language and style. Not everything he taught was fraud though,
so he made a lot of good points just he wrote it all fraudulently and taught it as fraud to his
followers / students through the use-of-using multiple languages. I’m going to teach you the
tricks and traps behind this philosophy (or at least try because it certainly is confusing to say the
least).

When we write in such a way using modifiers such as adverbs and adjectives, what we are
doing is modifying our facts to no longer be facts and to mean absolutely nothing at all without
any facts. I’m still learning, therefore i still write in the verb-adverb-verb, adjective language as
well. Though, we might as well just write blah blah blah blah blah; because this is what's
happening to our words when we are modifying our facts / nouns.

Basically it boils down to that we must try to eliminate the modifying words that change our
nouns which are facts into verbs, adverbs, and adjectives (Nouns are what i mean trying to
explain a fact). First i need to explain compound words; because compound words are generally
where one will find a hyphenated phrase or words in the English language (as David used
throughout his writing which is not English); though not all compound words must be
hyphenated; first i’ll give the definition and then show examples (lol, do you see why this part is
my downfall) Through the teachings of compound words i can prove that we’re in fact changing
and modifying our facts to no longer convey a fact / noun.

Compound Words - A compound word is where two or more root words are merged into a
new and different word. There are three different kinds of compound: open, closed, and
hyphenated compound words. Read this handy guide to learn more about compound words and
how they can be used in different sentences.

What are Compound Words? Compound Words are two or more words that have been grouped
together to create a new word that has a different, individual meaning (you see? Changing or
modifying a word changes its definition and meaning). There are three different kinds of
compound words: closed compound words, open compound words and hyphenated compound
words.

In English, there are many compound words, including a few that you might not have realized
were compound words. This includes (Lol, whoever wrote this doesn't comprehend the word
include, as you all already know) words like ‘football’, which is made up of two different words:
‘foot’ and ‘ball’. When put together, they become the name of a sport. What is a Compound
Word? | Definition and Examples | Twinkl Now for some examples of what open, closed, and
hyphenated compound words are:

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Open compound words - school bus, high school, living room, full moon, new moon, real
estate, dinner table, coffee mug, roller coaster, peanut butter, first aid, web page, hot dog, voice
mail, table cloth, fire drill, ice cream, cream cheese, racing car, mountain bike, jogging pants,
foster parent, shot glass, etc..

Closed compound words - football, footprint, basketball, notebook, notepad, bookmark,

bookshelf, superman, batman, waistcoat, bookstore, fireman, fishbowl, grasshopper, keyhole,
bowtie, popcorn, horseshoe, keyboard, skateboard, paperback, sunflower, moviegoer, makeup,
haircut, newspaper, teaspoon, teacup, etc..

Hyphenated compound words - long-term, short-term, part-time, time-saving, up-to-date,

out-of-date, step-by-step, face-to-face, one-to-one, one-on-one, mother-in-law, sister-in-law,
high-speed, empty-handed, mass-production, high-tech, deep-fried, left-handed, in-depth,
full-length, sun-dried, long-haired, north-east, old-fashioned, well-thought-out, attorney-in-fact,
etc..

Overtime, the English language officially adopts new closed compound words as a joined word
as a new word and the definitions of such, mean different things (as if this isn't confusing
enough lol) such as bylaws and by-laws (which have two different meanings). Some examples:
on-line is now referred to as online; over-time is now referred to as overtime; Grand-mother is
now referred to as Grandmother, etc.. [Emphasis added by me]

Now comes, where i can prove that our written language construes different meanings when we
use modifiers such as hyphenated compound adjectives. Compound adjectives are the ones
that usually come with hyphens. But remember, you only hyphenate them when they come
before the noun they modify (say what? Yep they modify and change the meaning as well as the
definitions of the words used). If they appear after the noun in the sentence, remove the
hyphens. For example:

1a:That was a well-thought-out plan.

1b:The plan was well thought out.

2a:He made sure to make politically-correct statements.

2b: His statements were all politically correct. https://www.tckpublishing.com

Over a million words make up the English language. Sounds like a lot right? But it's actually way
more, if you consider that many words have multiple meanings. In English we often use words
that sound exactly the same to express totally different concepts, these are called
homophones. We also use words that have the same spelling but have different meanings
depending on the context, these are called homonyms. And if that’s not confusing enough, we
also have homographs – which are words that have the same spelling, but different
pronunciation (and meaning). Now let's look at an example of the different meanings of a word

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such as homophones, homonyms, and homographs when it’s used as a verb, adverb, adjective
or a noun. For example:

Current

noun: Used as a noun ‘current’ refers to a flow of water or electricity, e.g.: The current of the

Indian Ocean flows west.

adjective: Used as an adjective we use the word ‘current’ to describe something modern,

trendy or happening now e.g.: The current trend in Education is learning online.

Bark

verb: The verb ‘to bark’ is the sound a dog makes e.g. The dog must be hungry! He keeps

barking!

noun: The noun ‘bark’ is what we call the outer covering of a tree e.g. The bark of a palm tree

is very rough.

‍Tie

noun: You most commonly come across this noun very often – a tie is the very common item

of clothing that men wear around their neck with a shirt and suit e.g. Our company policy is for

men to wear a shirt and tie to business meetings.

verb: This is the action of joining two things together by using a knot or band e.g. If you don’t tie

your shoelaces you will trip and fall!

‍Break

verb: To damage or change something so that it no longer works e.g. I broke my watch I need

to get it repaired.

noun: A recess or pause in an activity, usually used as time to relax e.g. We’ve been working all

morning, let’s take a coffee break.

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‍Play

noun: A performance by actors usually shown in theaters e.g. We’re going to Broadway to

watch that famous play!

verb: To have a good time or do a specific activity (play sport, play a musical instrument) e.g. I

love playing tennis in my free time!

‍Rose

verb: This is the irregular past simple form of the verb ‘to rise’, which means to move upwards

e.g. we rose from our seats when the President walked in.

noun: A special type of flower that is famous for its beautiful shape and smell, usually given on

romantic occasions e.g. My girlfriend suggested wanting a dozen roses on Valentine’s Day!

‍There are thousands of more English words with multiple meanings! If you feel nervous about

learning them all, just remember that context is key (which is why i stated the case law earlier on

in this section)! Usually you will naturally be able to figure out which version of the word is being

used simply by listening carefully to the subject of the conversation! Start paying attention to

these words. 6 English Words With Multiple Meanings (speak.ae)

Now learning everything that you’ve learned here today i personally think it would be wise to

add an additional piece to your document to cover your ass and avoid being caught with your

pants down writing fraudulent, deceptive documents. i’ve been adding this after the postal rule.

Example:

Be it also known: That any use of GLOSS known as American-Sign-Language hereinafter

A.-S.-L. also known as Dog-Latin in this Conditional-Acceptance is not intended to defraud, to
mix styling and/or different languages thereby corrupting the validity of the document, nor it’s
conveyance, and the integrity of the writer, but is merely used to denote a Trust and/or business
entity name except as aforementioned by using the word Gloss just to prove what
American-Sign-Language and Dog-Latin is. Therefore, i use A.-S.-L. and/or Dog-Latin in good

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faith, good conscience, with integrity, and clean hands without prejudice and without recourse.
As well as the use of the Latin-Language and the French-Language is not to deceive nor corrupt
the validity of this document, its conveyance, and the integrity of the writer in any way, but is
merely used to show and use terms used within the legal society. i completely comprehend that
the use of multiple languages that appear on the face of the same document equate to fraud
and/or counterfeit, because no two languages can ever have verifiable jurisdiction with one
another on the same document. Being that two or more languages appear on nearly every
document and book in existence does not make it right or correct. It's simply fraud and i wish not
to defraud no man or woman. The only way i can properly express my thoughts and show in
written form of what i mean when i do express myself is to use the fraudulent style of writing
nearly everyone uses. Therefore, i use them in good faith, good conscience, with integrity, and
clean hands without prejudice and without recourse.

“Good faith” has generally been defined as honesty in a person’s conduct during the agreement.
The obligation to perform in good faith exists even in contracts that expressly allow either party
to terminate the contract for any reason. “Fair dealing” usually requires more than just honesty.
It generally requires that a party cannot act contrary to the “spirit” of the contract, even if you
give the opposing party notice that you intend to do so. What You Should Know about the
Implied Duty of Good Faith and Fair Dealing (americanbar.org)

Equity and good conscience means fairness as applied to a given set of circumstances. (2) It
will be against equity and good conscience to deny waiver when repayment of the overpayment
would deprive you of income required to provide for basic necessities including food, shelter,
medicine, utilities, and related expenses. Unless there are unusual circumstances which would
argue against waiver, the department will presume repayment would leave you unable to
provide basic necessities if your total household resources in relation to household size do not
exceed seventy percent of the Lower Living Standard Income Level (LLSIL) and circumstances
are not expected to change within the next ninety days. (3) The department may also consider,
but is not limited to, the following factors in determining whether waiver should be granted for
reasons of equity and good conscience: (a) Your general health, including disability,
competency, and mental or physical impairment; (b) Your education level, including literacy; (c)
Whether you are currently employed and your history of unemployment; (d) Your future earnings
potential based on your occupation, skills, and the local labor market; (e) Your marital status and
number of dependents, including whether other household members are employed; (f) Whether
an error by department staff contributed to the overpayment; (g) Whether you refused or were
ineligible for other government benefits because you received unemployment benefits; and (h)
Other factors indicating that repayment of the full amount would cause you undue economic,
physical, or mental hardship. (4) When determining whether a waiver of benefit overpayments
may be granted based on equity and good conscience, the department must consider whether
the employer or employer's agent failed to respond timely or adequately without good cause to
the department's written request for claim information. This subsection does not apply to
negotiated settlements. (5) The decision to grant or deny waiver will be based on the totality of
circumstances rather than the presence of a single factor listed in subsections (2), (3), and (4).
[Statutory Authority: RCW50.12.010 and 50.12.040. WSR 14-04-073, § 192-220-030, filed

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1/30/14, effective 3/2/14. Statutory Authority: RCW 50.12.010, 51.12.040, and 50.20.010.
WSR 08-21-056, § 192-220-030, filed 10/9/08, effective 11/9/08. Statutory Authority: RCW
50.12.010, 50.12.040, 50.12.042. WSR 05-01-076, § 192-220-030, filed 12/9/04, effective
1/9/05.] Site Contents Sele… Equity and good conscience Definition | Law Insider

Clean Hands Doctrine

The clean hands doctrine is based on the maxim of equity that states that one “who comes into
equity must come with clean hands.” This doctrine requires the court to deny equitable relief to a
party who has violated good faith with respect to the subject of the claim. The purpose of the
doctrine is to prevent a party from obtaining relief when that party’s own wrongful conduct has
made it such that granting the relief would be against good conscience. It is an affirmative
defense that the defendant may claim.

For example, in Holy Roman Catholic School v. Boley, the defendant opened an account at a
pharmacy for the benefit of the plaintiff so that the plaintiff could obtain medication for his
work-related injuries. The plaintiff charged items unrelated to work-related injuries. The
defendant closed the account, and the plaintiff sued to keep the account open. The court held
that the plaintiff’s abuse of the account necessitated a finding that the plaintiff had unclean
hands and that requiring the defendant to keep the account open would be against good
conscience. Clean Hands Doctrine | Wex | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute (cornell.edu)

Salutation - Punctuation

In British English, don't use any punctuation mark or use a comma.

Dear Mr Miller or Dear Mr Miller,

In American English, use a colon:

Dear Mr. Miller:

For examples see → Subject https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/writing/business-letter/subject

Ms, Miss or Mrs?

• Mrs – to address a married woman

• Miss – to address an unmarried woman (rarely used now)

• Ms – to address a woman whose marital status you don't know; also used to address an
unmarried woman

Note: The abbreviations Mr, Mrs etc. are usually written without full stops (Mr) in British English
and with full stops (Mr.) in American English. Business Letter - Salutation - Business-English
(ego4u.com)

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I pray that by sharing this knowledge it allows you to not only become a better writer and better
reader but also allows you to spot and see all of the grammatical tricks, lies, fraud, and deceit
being done to everyone on a daily basis especially within the legal realm.

Disclaimer
I, William-Kevin: of the Rigby estate, do hereby attest and affirm that the information herein is
not legal advice, rather it is for reference, entertainment, and educational purposes only.
William-Kevin, does not own the rights, titles, patents, interest or anything related to any
copyright material shared herein; they were merely shared for reference, entertainment, and
educational purposes only. Also, the style and grammar herein do not follow the teachings in
this guide, simply because a lot of the material herein was copied and pasted from websites,
books, and other related sources and i wished them to be authentic, as well as leave a highly
visible awareness of all sources, references, and definitions. Therefore, William-Kevin shares
without prejudice and without recourse. Void where prohibited by law.

In all sincerity, with best regards,

William-Kevin: Rigby.
…………………………………….
Without prejudice, without recourse

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