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Lesson 5 Geometric Sequence

MATHEMATICS 10

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8 views

Lesson 5 Geometric Sequence

MATHEMATICS 10

Uploaded by

jungkookopparrr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geometric Sequence

Objectives
• The learner can differentiate a geometric sequence
from an arithmetic sequence; and
• determine the nth term of a geometric sequence.
Find the ratio of the second number to the first number.
8
1 2, 8 𝑟= =𝟒
2
9
2 -3, 9 𝑟= = −𝟑
−3
10
3 5, 10 𝑟= =𝟐
5
A sequence is geometric if there exist a number 𝑟, called
the common ratio.
The common ratio, 𝑟 can be determined by dividing any
term in the sequence by the term that precedes it.

𝒂) 𝟐, 𝟔, 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟒 Common Ratio? None


Common Difference? Yes
+4 +4 +4
Arithmetic or Geometric? Arithmetic

𝒃) 𝟐, 𝟔, 𝟏𝟖, 𝟓𝟒 Common Ratio? Yes


Common Difference? None
×𝟑 ×𝟑 ×𝟑 Arithmetic or Geometric? Geometric
State whether each of the following sequences is GEOMETRIC or
NOT.
20 80 320
𝟏) 𝟓, 𝟐𝟎, 𝟖𝟎, 𝟑𝟐𝟎, … GEOMETRIC 5 = 𝟒 20 = 𝟒 80 = 𝟒

5 2 𝟓 3 2 𝟑
𝟐) 𝟕 𝟐, 𝟓 𝟐, 𝟑 𝟐, 𝟐 NOT = =
7 2 𝟕 5 2 𝟓
−10 20
𝟑) 𝟓, −𝟏𝟎, 𝟐𝟎, −𝟒𝟎, … GEOMETRIC = −𝟐 = −𝟐
5 −10
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 10ൗ 𝟏 10ൗ 𝟐
𝟒) , , , ,… NOT 6 = 9 =
𝟑 𝟔 𝟗 𝟏𝟓 10ൗ 𝟐 10ൗ 𝟑
3 6
The nth term of a geometric sequence is
given by
𝒏−𝟏
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 (𝒓) ,𝒓 ≠ 𝟎
where 𝑎1 is the first term and r is the common
ratio.
Example 1
What is the 10th term of the geometric sequence
8, 4, 2, 1, … ?
Solution: 10−1
𝒏−𝟏 1
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 (𝒓) 𝑎10 =8
2
𝑎1 = 8 1
9
𝑎10 =8
4 1 2
𝑟= =
8 2 1 8 𝟏
𝑎10 =8 = =
𝑛 = 10 512 512 𝟔𝟒
Example 2
Find the 8th term of the geometric sequence
24, 12, 6, 3, …
Solution: 8−1
𝒏−𝟏 1
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 (𝒓) 𝑎8 = 24
2
𝑎1 = 24 1
7
𝑎8 = 24
12 1 2
𝑟= =
24 2 1 24 𝟑
𝑎8 = 24 = =
𝑛=8 128 128 𝟏𝟔
Example 3
Find the 6th term of the geometric sequence
3, 12, 48, …
Solution:
𝒏−𝟏
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 (𝒓) 6−1
𝑎6 = 3 4
𝑎1 = 3 5
12 𝑎6 = 3 4
𝑟= =4
3 𝑎6 = 3 1024 = 𝟑𝟎𝟕𝟐
𝑛=6
Example 4
Find the missing term in 3, 12, 48, ____,
𝟏𝟗𝟐 ____
𝟕𝟔𝟖
Solution:
12
𝑟= =𝟒 48 4 = 𝟏𝟗𝟐 192(4) = 𝟕𝟔𝟖
3
Find the missing term in ____,
𝟖 ____,
𝟏𝟔 32, 64, 128, …
Solution:

64 32 16
𝑟= =𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 =𝟖
32 2 2
Example 5
Write the first three terms of the geometric sequence
which nth term is given by 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒 −𝟓 𝒏−𝟏
Solution:
𝑛−1 𝑛−1
𝑎𝑛 = 4 −5 𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛 = 4 −5 𝑎𝑛 = 4 −5
𝑎1 = 4 −5 1−1 𝑎2 = 4 −5 2−1 𝑎3 = 4 −5 3−1
𝑎1 = 4 −5 0 𝑎2 = 4 −5 1 𝑎3 = 4 −5 2
𝑎1 = 4(1) 𝑎2 = 4(−5) 𝑎3 = 4(25)
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟒 𝒂𝟐 = −𝟐𝟎 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

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