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Linear Motor

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8 views

Linear Motor

Uploaded by

Ahmed Hussein
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Special Machines

(E 1438)
Lecture
Wensday 5/4/2023

Dr/Tarek Abd-Elhamid Dakrory


Linear induction motor
Idea
• A Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is an advanced version
of rotary induction motor which gives a linear
translational motion instead of the rotational motion.
• The stator is cut axially and spread out flat.
• In this type of motor, the stator and rotor are called
primary and secondary respectively.
• The most obvious advantage of a linear motor is that it
has no gears and requires no mechanical rotary to
linear converters. Thus compared with rotary motors
with mechanical gears, and similar devices, the linear
motor is robust and more reliable.
Construction

Linear induction motor Rotary induction motor


Principle of operation
• if the primary of the linear induction motor is connected to the
three phase supply, a flux is produced which travel across the
length of the primary.
• The flux produce an induced e.m.f in the secondary
• Since the secondary is short circuited a current is generated in the
secondary
• The current, which is induced in the linear induction motor
interacts with the travelling flux produces a linear force.
• If the primary of the linear induction motor is fixed and secondary
is free to move, the force will move the secondary in the direction
of the travelling wave.
• But If secondary of the linear induction motor is fixed and the
primary is free to move, the force will move the primary in the
direction opposite to the travelling wave.
Types
• According to secondary type :
• 1- iron material only
• 2- conducting material only
• 3-iron with conducting material
• 4- squirrel cage
• According to moving part :
1-Primary is moving part
2- secondary is moving part
Types

According to number of sides:


1- single side (one primary side)
2- double sides (two primary sides)
According to length
1- short primary
2- short secondary
Types

single side
double sides
Short primary

short secondary
short secondary
single side and double sides
• In a single primary system, the ferromagnetic plate, is
usually placed on the other side of the conducting
plate to provide a path of low reluctance to the main
flux.
• The ferromagnetic plate however gets attracted
towards the primary when the field is energized.
Consequently unequal gap length results on the two
sides of the plate. Double primary system can be used
to overcome this problem.
• There are two field (Primary) systems, one on either
side of the secondary. It is often used as it minimizes
the leakage flux
short primary
• The primary is short and the secondary is
long. This type is useful when the total
distance to be travelled is large.
• In this type over heating of rotor is eliminated
because of the continuous movement of the
primary over cold part of the rotor, leaving
behind the heated part. In this case primary
moves and the secondary are stationary.
short secondary
• The secondary is short in comparison with
primary. This type is useful when the travel is
limited.
• The long primary and short secondary has the
following drawbacks:
• Long primary is uneconomical as it requires a
long three phase primary windings to be wound.
• Only that part of the primary windings which
are adjacent the secondary are effective at any
one time.
Equivalent circuit

1 1 1 2

I2́

1 2

The eqivalent circuit for one phase and one side


Equivalent circuit

The eqivalent circuit for one phase , one side , if the secondry is
conducting material only (X2 is neglected)
Equations of LIM
• The synchronous speed (us)= 2*f*τp
• f is the frquency of 3-phase supply
• τp is the pole pitch
• The LIM speed u =us * (1-S)
us−u
• The slip of motor (s)=
us
Equations of LIM
• Zt=Z1 +(Z'2 // Xm) Z'2 = 𝑅′2/s + X'2

𝑉1
𝐼1 = Pin= 3 𝑉1𝐼1 cos (φ1)
𝑍𝑡

2
Pg= 3 (𝐼′2 ) 𝑅′2/s Pm = Pg (1-s)

Po = Pm – Prot.loss
Pg Pm
The thrust force (F) = =
𝑢𝑠 𝑢

The efficiency = Po/ Pin


characteristics
Applcations of LIM

e. High speed trains (Maglev vehicles)


Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
1- Low initial cost.
2- Low maintenance cost due to the absence of rotating
parts.
3- No limitation of maximum speed due to centrifugal forces.
4- Only two parts
5- Wide speed range
6- Ease of Control and Installation

The disadvantages
1- It has a larger air gap which results in lower power factor
2- LIM has low efficiency. operates at high slip
3- Very high capital cost of rail fixed along the line of
the track.
4- required large size and volume
Thanks

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