JEE (MAIN+ADVANCED)

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

 JEE (MAIN+ADVANCED)

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

 CONTENT

S.No Pages

1. Theory 01 – 10

2. Exercise-1 (Special DPP) 11 – 17

3. Exercise-2 18 – 19

4. Exercise-3 (Section-A) 20
[Previous years JEE-Advanced problems]

5. Exercise-3 (Section-B) 21
[Previous years JEE-Main problems]

6. Exercise-4 (Section-A) 21 – 22
[Previous years CBSE problems]

7. Exercise-4 (Section-B) 23
[Potential Problems for Board Preparations]

8. Exercise-5 (Rank Booster) 23 – 24

9. Answer Key 25 – 26
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(A) GENERAL INTRODUCTION :

sin1 x , cos1 x , tan1 x etc. denote angles or real numbers whose sine is x , whose cosine is x and
whose tangent is x, provided that the answers given are numerically smallest available. These are
also written as arc sinx, arc cosx etc.

(B) PRINCIPAL VALUES AND DOMAINS OF INVERSE CIRCULAR

FUNCTIONS :

S.No. Function Domain Range

 
(i) y = sin 1 x 1  x  1   y
2 2
(ii) y = cos1 x 1  x  1 0y
 
(iii) y = tan1 x x  R   x
2 2
(iv) y = cot1 x xR 0 <y<
 
(v) y = cosec1 x x   1 or x  1   y  , y0
2 2

(vi) y = sec1 x x  1 or x  1 0  y  ; y
2
NOTE THAT : (a) 1st quadrant is common to all the inverse functions.
(b) 3rd quadrant is not used in inverse functions.
(c) 4th quadrant is used in the CLOCKWISE DIRECTION.

Graphs of all 6 inverse circular functions :

  
(1) y = sin 1 x, | x |  1, y   2 ,
2
 

–1 y y
y= sin x y=arc sinx y=x
/2 /2
1 y=sinx

–1 – /2 –1
x x
0 1 0 1 /2

y=sinx –1
– /2 y=x y=arc sinx – /2

Note : Graph of y = sin–1x and

y = sin x are mirror image of
each other about the line y = x.

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Highlights : -

  
(i) sin–1x is bounded in  ,  .
 2 2
(ii) sin x is an odd function. (symmetric about origin)
–1

(iii) sin–1x is an increasing function in its domain.

 
(iv ) Maximum value of sin–1x = , occurs at x = 1 and minimum value of sin–1 x =  , occurs at x = –1.
2 2
(v) sin–1x is an aperiodic function.

(2) y = cos 1 x , | x |  1, y  [0, ]

y
y= arc cos x

y=x
–1 y
y= cos x /2

1
/2 
x
–1 0 1
x
–1 0 1 –1
y=x y= cos x
–1
Note : Graph of y = cos x and
y = cos x are mirror image of
each other about the line y = x.

Highlights : -

(i) cos–1x is bounded in [0, ].

(ii) cos–1x is a neither odd nor even function.
(iii) cos–1x is a decreasing function in its domain.
(iv ) Maximum value of cos–1x =  occurs at x = –1 and minimum value of cos–1 x = 0, occurs at x = 1.
(v) cos–1x is an aperiodic function.

  
(3) y = tan 1 x , x  R, y    , 
 2 2

y y=tanx

–1
y y=x
y= tan x
/2
y= arc tan x
/2 –  /2 0 /2 
x
y= arc tan x
x – /2
0

– /2 y=x –
y=tanx
Note : Graph of y = tan–1x and
y = tan x are mirror image of
each other about the line y = x.

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Highlights : -
  
(i) tan–1x is bounded in   , 
 2 2
(ii) tan–1x is an odd function. (symmetric about origin)
(iii) tan–1x is an increasing function in its domain.
(iv) tan–1x is an aperiodic function.

(4) y = cot 1 x , x  R, y  (0 , )
y y=x

–1
y= cot x y
 y= arc cot x
/2
y=arc cot x
x
/2 0
x
0 – /2
–
y=cotx
–1
Note : Graph of y = cot x and
y = cot x are mirror image of
each other about the line y = x.

Highlights : -

(i) cot–1x is bounded in (0, ).

(ii) cot–1x is a neither odd nor even function.
(iii) cot–1x is a decreasing function in its domain.
(iv) cot–1x is an aperiodic function.

    
(5) y = cosec1x,x1, y   , 0    0, 
 2   2

Highlights : -

  
(i) cosec–1x is bounded in  ,  .
 2 2
(ii) cosec–1x is an odd function. (symmetric about origin)
 
(iii) Maximum value of cosec–1x = , occurs at x = 1 and minimum value of cosec–1x =  , occurs at x = –1.
2 2
(iv) cosec x is a decreasing function.
–1

(v) cosec–1x is an aperiodic function.

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

y  0,    ,
 
(6) y = sec 1 x,x 1,  2   2 

Highlights : -
(i) sec–1x is bounded in [0, ].
(ii) sec–1x is a neither odd nor even function.
(iii) Maximum value of sec–1x =  occurs at x = –1 and minimum value of sec1 x = 0, occurs at x = 1.
(iv) sec–1x is an increasing function.
(v) sec–1x is an aperiodic function.

Note :
(a) tan–1(x) and cot–1(x) are continuous and monotonic on R   that their range is R
(b) If f (x) is continuous and has a range R  it is monotonic. e.g. y = x3 – 3x.

Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Function :

PROPERTY-1 :

(i) sin (sin1 x) = x , 1  x  1 (ii) cos (cos1 x) = x , 1  x  1

(iii) tan (tan1 x) = x , x  R (iv) cot (cot1 x) = x , x  R
(v) cosec (cosec1 x) = x , | x |  1 (vi) sec (sec1 x) = x , | x |  1

(1) y=sin(sin 1 x)= x, x[ 1 , 1], y[ 1 , 1], y is aperiodic.

y
1
x
y=

–1 45° x
O 1

–1

(2) y =cos(cos 1x)= x, x  [ 1 , 1], y  [– 1 , 1], y is aperiodic.

y
1
x
y=

–1 45° x
O 1

–1

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(3) y =tan (tan–1x)=x, x  R, y  R, y is aperiodic.

(4) y = cot (cot–1x)= x, x  R, y  R, y is aperiodic.

(5) y =cosec(cosec–1x)= x, | x |  1, | y |  1, y is aperiodic.

(6) y = sec(sec–1x) = x, | x |  1, | y |  1, y is aperiodic.

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Note that: (1, 2); (3, 4) and (5, 6) are identical function.
(vii) sin1 (sin x) = x ,    x   (viii) cos1 (cos x) = x ; 0  x  
2 2

(ix) tan1 (tan x) = x ;    x   (x) cot1 (cot x) = x , 0 < x < 

2 2

(xi) cosec1 (cosec x) = x ;    x   , x  0 (xii) sec1 (sec x) = x ; 0  x  , x 
2 2 2

y = sin 1 (sin x) , x  R , y   ,  , Periodic with period 2 

 
(7)
 2 2

(8) y = cos 1(cos x) = x, x  R, y [0, ], periodic with period 2 

     
(9) y = tan1(tan x) = x, x R (2n  1) n  I , y    ,  ,
 2   2 2
periodic with period 

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(10) y = cot1(cot x) = x, xR{n }, y(0,), periodic with 

(11) y = cosec1(cosec x), xR{n, n I},

y   ,0    0, 
 
 2   2 
y is periodic with period 2

(12) y=sec1(sec x)=x, y is periodic ;

 0 ,    
    
xR (2 n  1) 2 n  I , y ,
  2   2 
with period 2

PROPERTY-2 :
1 1
(1) cosec–1x = sin–1 ; |x| > 1 (2) sin–1x = cosec–1 , |x| < 1, x  0
x x
1 1
(3) sec–1x = cos–1 ; |x| > 1 (4) cos–1 x = sec–1 , | x |  1, x  0
x x
1 1
(5) cot–1x = tan–1 ;x>0 =  + tan–1 ; x < 0
x x

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Note :
1
(i) cosec–1x and sin–1 are identical function.
x
1 1
(ii) sin–1 x and cosec–1 are not identical because domain of sin–1 x and cosec–1 is not equal.
x x
1
(iii) sec–1x and cos–1 are identical function.
x
1 1
(iv) cos–1 x and sec–1 are not identical because domain of cos–1 x and sec–1 is not equal.
x x

PROPERTY-3 :
(i) sin1 (x) =  sin1 x , 1  x  1
(ii) tan1 (x) =  tan1 x , x  R
(iii) cos1 (x) =   cos1 x , 1  x  1
(iv) cot1 (x) =   cot1 x , x  R
(v) cosec1 (x) =  cosec1 x , | x |  1
(vi) sec1 (x) =  sec1 x , | x |  1

PROPERTY-4 :
 
(i) sin1 x + cos1 x = , 1  x  1 (ii) tan1 x + cot1 x = , xR
2 2

(iii) cosec1 x + sec1 x = , x  1
2

PROPERTY-5 :

  xy 
 tan 1  , if xy  1
  1  xy 
 1 x  y 
(1) tan–1x + tan–1y =    tan  , if x  0, y  0 and xy  1
  1  xy 
 1 x  y 
   tan  , if x  0, y  0 and xy  1
  1  xy 

xy
(2) x > 0 and y > 0, tan–1x – tan–1y = tan–1 (with no other restriction)
1  xy
(Remember)

(i) tan–11 + tan–12 + tan–13 = 

1 1 
(ii) tan–11 + tan–1 + tan–1 =
2 3 2
tan 1 1  tan 1 2  tan 1 3
(iii) 2
cot 1 1  cot 1 2  cot 1 3

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

PROPERTY-6 :

sin 1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2  if x  0;y  0and x 2  y 2  1

  
(I) sin x + sin y = 
–1 –1

   sin 1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2  if x  0;y  0and x 2  y 2  1

 

(II) ||| ly we have  2 2


sin–1x – sin–1y = sin–1 x 1  y  y 1  x , x > 0; y > 0

and  2 2

cos–1x + cos–1y = cos–1 xy  1  x 1  y , x > 0, y > 0, x < y

PROPERTY-7 :

 x  y  z  xyz 
tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z = tan–1 1  ( xy  yz  zx) 
 
where x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 and xy + yz + zx < 1 and xy < 1, yz < 1, zx < 1

SIMPLIFICATION & TRANSFORMATION OF INVERSE FUNCTIONS BY ELEMENTRY

SUBSTITUTION AND THEIR GRAPHS :

2 tan1 x 1  x  1

2x  1
(1) sin–1 =   2 tan x if x 1
1 x2     2 tan 1 x x  1

1 x2 2 tan 1 x x 0
(2) cos 2 =  2 tan 1 x x  0
–1
1 x 

   2 tan 1 x x  1
2 x  2 tan 1 x
(3) tan –1
=  1  x 1
1 x2 1
 2 tan x   x 1

Highlights :-
2x
(a) f (x) = sin–1 + 2tan–1x =  if x > 1
1 x2
2x
(b) f (x) = sin–1 + 2tan–1x = – if x < –1
1 x2

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1
  (  3 sin x ) if  1 x  1 / 2
 1
(4) sin (3x – 4x ) =  3 sin x
–1 3 if  1 / 2  x  1 / 2 ;
   3 sin 1 x if 1 / 2  x  1


1
 3 cos x  2 if  1 x  1 / 2
 1
(5) cos (4x – 3x) = 2  3 cos x
–1 3 if  1 / 2  x  1 / 2 ;
 1 if 1 / 2  x  1
 3 cos x

1 1
3 tan–1x if – <x <
3 3
3 1
3x  x
(6) tan–1 = –  + 3 tan –1
x if x >
1  3x 2 3
1
 + 3 tan–1x if x < –
3
* (4, 5, 6 to be proved similarly as 1, 2, 3)

(C) IDENTITIES INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:

     sin 2  cos  
(I) 2tan–1  tan   tan  = cos–1  
 4 2  1  sin 2 cos  

(II) tan–1x = 2tan–1 [cosec (tan–1x) – tan (cot–1x) ] (x  0)

(D) EQUATIONS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :

4
(1) 2cot–12 – cos–1 = cosec–1x
5
(2) cos–1x – sin–1x = cos–1 x 3

(3) sin[2cos–1{cot(2tan–1x)}]= 0

(4) sin–1x + sin–12x =
3
x 1 x 1
(5) tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1(–7)
x 1 x

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE-1 (SPECIAL DPP)

SPECIAL DPP-1

   x2  k 
Q.1 Let g : R   0,  is defined by g(x) = cos–1  
 1 x 2  .
 3  
Then the possible values of 'k' for which g is surjective function, is
1   1  1  1 
(A)   (B)   1,   (C)   (D)  , 1
2  2  2  2 

Q.2 Number of values of x satisfying the equation cos 3 arc cos(x  1)  = 0 is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3


Q.3 If range of the function f(x) = tan–1(3x2 + bx + 3), x  R is 0,  , then square of sum of all possible
 2
values of b will be
(A) 0 (B) 18 (C) 72 (D) None of these

 1 
Q.4 Range of the function f(x) = cos 1  x x 
is
e e 
        2 
(A) (0, ) (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
6 2  3 2  2 3 

2
Q.5 The number of ordered triplets (x, y, z) satisfy the equation (sin–1 x)2 = + (sec–1 y)2 + (tan–1 z)2 is
4
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

Q.6 If x1, x2 and x3 are the positive roots of the equation x3 – 6x2 + 3px – 2p = 0, p  R then the value
1 1   1 1   1 1
of sin–1    + cos–1    – tan–1    is equal to
 x1 x 2   x 2 x3   x 3 x1 
  3
(A) (B) (C) (D) 
4 2 4

1
Q.7 The domain of the function f (x) = , is
log  (sin 1 x )  1
4

 1   1   1   1 
(A)   1,  (B)  0,  (C) 0,  (D)   1,
 2  2  2  2 

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

 11 
Q.8 If  and  are the two zeroes of the equation 3 cos 1 x 2  5x   = , then (3 + 3) equals
 2
(A) 255 (B) 215 (C) – 215 (D) – 217

63 
Q.9 Let  = arc sin then the value of sin 2   is
8 4
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 8 16

 4 
Q.10 Number of values of x satisfying the equation cos   cos 1 x  = x, is
 3 
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1

SPECIAL DPP-2

    x2  1 
Q.1 Let f : R   ,  defined by f(x) = tan 1 2  . Then f(x) is

6 4  x  3
(A) injective and surjective (B) injective but not surjective
(C) surjective but not injective (D) neither injective nor surjective

1 1 1 1
Q.2 The value of 3 sin  arc cos  + 4 cos  arc cos  is equal to
2 9 2 8
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) 0

 1  p
Q.3 The true set of values of p for which the equation cos 1   = have a solution is
 1  cos 2 x  3

 3
(A) [0, 1] (B) [0, 2] (C) [1, 2] (D) 1, 
 2

Q.4 The value of p  R for which the equation

     
sin–1 (log10 x )2  2 log10 x  2 + tan–1 (log10 x )2  2 log10 x  2 + cos–1 (log10 x )2  2(log10 x ) = p,
possess solution is
5 3 3 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 2 4

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Paragraph for question nos. 5 & 6

1
Consider a real-valued function f(x) = sin x  2  1  sin 1 x

Q.5 The domain of definition of f(x) is

(A) [–1, 1] (B) [sin 1, 1] (C) [–1, sin 1] (D) [–1, 0]

Q.6 The range of f(x) is


(A) 0, 3  
(B) 1, 3  
(C) 1, 6  (D)  3, 6 
3 x 
Q.7 Statement-1 : The number of solution of the equations sec–1   x 2  6 x  8  = sin–1   is
   4 
exactly one.
Statement-2 : The domain of sec–1 x is (–, –1] [1, )
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

1
Q.8 Let function f (x) be defined as f (x) = | sin–1x | + cos–1   . Then which of the following is/are TRUE?
x
(A) f (x) is injective in its domain.
(B) f (x) is many-one in its domain.
(C) Range of f is a singleton set.
(D) sgn f ( x )  = 1 where sgn x denotes signum function of x.

Q.9 Column I contains functions and column II contains their range. Match the entries of column I with the
entries of column II.
Column-I Column-II
 x 
(A) f ( x )  sin 1   (P) (0, )
 1 | x | 
 x    3 
(B) g( x )  cos 1   (Q)  , 
 1 | x |  4 4 

 x    
(C) h ( x )  tan 1   (R)  , 
 1 | x |   4 4

 x    
(D) k ( x )  cot 1   (S)  , 
 1 | x |   2 2

Q.10  
If the range of function f(x) =  2  cos 1  x 2 + 2 (cos–1) x +  2 – cos–1 is
[0, ) then find the value of    + 2  + 1.

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

SPECIAL DPP-3

 1 50    31  
The value of sec sin    sin 1
Q.1   cos cos    is equal to
  9   9  
10  
(A) sec (B) sec (C) 1 (D) –1
9 9

Q.2 If f (x) = x11 + x9 – x7 + x3 + 1 and f (sin–1 (sin 8)) = , is constant, then f (tan–1 (tan 8)) is equal to
(A)  (B)  – 2 (C)  + 2 (D) 2 – 

 x2 
Q.3 There exists a positive real number x satisfying cos(tan–1x) = x. The value of cos–1  
 2  is
 
  2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 5 5 5

Q.4 The range of values of p for which the equation sin cos–1 cos(tan 1 x)  = p has a solution is:

 1 1   1 
(A)   ,  (B) [0, 1) (C)  , 1 (D) (– 1, 1)
2 2  2

 3 x 
   2 sin 1 
  7 
Q.5 The range of function f (x) = log 2 is equal to
  
 
 
(A) (– , 1) (B) (1, ) (C) (– , 1] (D) [1, )

 b
Q.6 If the equation x3 + ax2 + bx + 216 = 0 has three real roots in G.P., then the value of tan 1 tan  is
 a
equal to
(A) 2 – 5 (B) 2 – 6 (C) 5 – 2 (D) 6 – 2

Q.7 The product of all real values of x satisfying the equation

  2x 2  10 | x |  4     
cos–1  cos 2   + cot  cot 1  2  2   = 0 is
   
  x  5 | x | 3   9|x| 
(A) 9 (B) – 9 (C) – 3 (D) – 1

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Q.8 Which of the following is/are correct?

   
(A) cos cos(cos 1 1) < sin sin 1 sin(   1 < sin cos 1 cos(2  2   
(B) coscos(cos 1)  < sin cos
1 1
cos(2  2)  < sin sin 1 sin(   1)  < 
tan cot 1 (cot 1) 
5000 2500
(C)  cos cos(2 t  1)  =
1

t 1
 cot 1 cot(t  2) where t  I
t 1
(D) cot–1 cot cosec–1cosec sec–1 sec tan tan–1 cos cos–1 sin–1 sin 4 = 4 – 

  
Q.9 If x   0,  satisfies the inequality | tan x – 3 | + | 4 sin2 x – 3 | + tan(tan 1 x )   0, then find
 2 3
  1 2  3x   
the value of  tan cot  cos    .
   30x  4   
[Note: [·] denotes greatest integer function.]

Q.10 If all the roots of the equation x3 – 3x = 0 satisfy the equation

  sin 1
  
(sin 2) x2 –   tan 1 (tan 1) x + 2 – 2 + 1 = 0, then find the value of cot(   )  cot  .

SPECIAL DPP-4

Q.1 If the equation 5 arc tan (x2 + x + k) + 3 arc cot(x2 + x + k) = 2, has two distinct solutions, then the
range of k, is
 5  5 5   5
(A)  0,  (B)   ,  (C)  ,   (D)   , 
 4  4 4   4

 2 x4 x6   4 x 8 x12  
Q.2 If x 
sin–1  ..........  + cos–1 x   ..........  = , where 0  |x| < 3 , then
 3 9  3 9  2
   
number of values of 'x' is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Q.3 
A value of  for which sin cot 1 (1   ) = cos(tan–1 ), is 
1 1
(A) (B) 0 (C) (D) 1
2 2

a 2
Q.4 If maximum value of (sin–1x)2 + (cos–1x)2 is equal to (a and b are coprime), then (a + b) equals
b
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 9

1 
Q.5 The value of tan1  tan 2A + tan 1(cot A) + tan 1(cot3A) for 0 < A < (/4) is
2 
(A) 4 tan1 (1) (B) 2 tan1 (2) (C) 0 (D) none

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Q.6 The value of the angle tan–1(tan 65° – 2 tan 40°) in degrees is equal to
(A) – 20° (B) 20° (C) 25° (D) 40°

2 3
Q.7 The value of  so that sin–1 , sin–1 , sin–1  are the angles of a triangle is
5 10
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 3

Q.8 If ,  ( > ) are the two solutions of the equation tan–1x + cot–1  | x | = 2 tan–1(6x)
then (2 + 3) is equal to
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1

Paragraph for question no. 9 to 11

1 3 12 4 16
Let  = 2 tan–1 + sin–1 and  = sin–1 + cos–1 + cot–1 be such that 2 sin  and cos 
2 5 13 5 63
are roots of the equation x2 – ax + b = 0, where a, b  R.
     
Q.9 The value of tan–1  sec cos1 sin    1 is equal to
   2  

   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 2 4

Q.10 The range of function f (x) = cot–1 (x2 + b x) is equal to

   3   3 
(A)  0,  (B) (0, ) (C)  0,  (D)  ,  
 4  4 4 

Q.11 The number of solutions(s) of the equation |b| sin–1 x = (a – b) x, is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

SPECIAL DPP-5


 4n 
Q.1 The sum  tan 1  n 4  2n 2  2  is equal to
n1

1
(A) tan1 + tan1
2
2
3
(B) 4 tan 1 1 (C)

2

(D) sec 1  2 

 n  2r  1 
Q.2 If tan   tan 1 2   = 961 then the value of n is equal to

 2 3
 r 1  (r  r  1) (r  r  1)  2r  
(A) 31 (B) 30 (C) 60 (D) 61

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS


Q.3 If the solution set of inequality (cosec–1 x)2 – 2 cosec–1 x  (cosec–1 x – 2) is (–, m]  [n, )
6
then (m + n) equals
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) –3

 1 1 
 sin   1 1 
 3  2  2
Q.4 If  = sin ,  = cos  cos    sin 1   then is equal to
 3    5  5  (3  4 3 ) 2
 
 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Q.5 The set of values of x, satisfying the equation tan2(sin–1x) > 1 is

 2 2
(A) [–1, 1] (B)  2 , 2 
 

 2 2  2 2
(C) (–1, 1) –  2 , 2  (D) [–1, 1] –   2 , 2 
   

 6x 
Q.6 The values of x satisfying the equation 2 tan–1 (3x) = sin–1  2  is equal to
 1  9x 
1    1  1 1
(A)  ,   (B)   ,  (C)  , (D) [–1, 1]
3   3 3 3 

 2x 
Q.7 The number of solution of the equation 2 sin–1  2  – x = 0 is equal to
3
1 x 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

 5  5x  6
Q.8 Find the number of solutions of the equation tan   cot 1 (2r 2 )   .
r 1  6 x  5
 

13 a 3
Q.9 If sin (30° + arc tan x) = and 0 < x < 1, the value of x is , where a and b are positive
14 b
ab
integers with no common factors. Find the value of  .
 2 

 3x  1  x 2  100   1 r  p
 
Q.10 Consider f (x) = cos–1
x+ cos–1
 2  . If  f 1   10   = q  where p and q are
  r 1  
relatively prime number, then find the value of (p – 16q).

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE-2

Q.1 Find the domain of definition the following functions.

1  x2
(i) f (x) = arc cos 2 x (ii) f (x) = cos (sin x)  sin 1
1 x 2x

(iv) f (x) = 3  x  cos 1   x   log6 2 x  3  sin 1 log 2 x

3 2
(iii) f (x) = sin–1(2x + x2)
 5 
 
 3 
(v) f (x) = log10 (1  log7 (x2  5 x + 13)) + cos1  
9 x 
 2  sin 2 

Q.2 Identify the pair(s) of functions which are identical.Also plot the graphs in each case.
1  x2 1
(a) y = tan (cos 1 x); y = (b) y = tan (cot 1 x) ; y =
x x
x
(c) y = sin (arc tan x); y = (d) y = cos (arc tan x) ; y = sin (arc cot x)
1  x2

Q.3 Let y = sin–1(sin 8) – tan–1(tan 10) + cos–1(cos 12) – sec–1(sec 9) + cot–1(cot 6) – cosec–1(cosec 7).
If y simplifies to a + b then find (a – b).

 33   1  46   1  13   1   19    13
Q.4 Show that : sin 1  sin   cos  cos   tan   tan   cot  cot    =
 7   7   8    8  7

Q.5(i) If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 + 5x – 49 = 0 then find the value of cot(cot–1 + cot–1).
 ab  1   bc  1   ca  1 
(ii) If a > b > c > 0 then find the value of : cot–1   + cot–1   + cot–1  .
 ab   bc   ca 
1 1 
Q.6 Find all values of k for which there is a triangle whose angles have measure tan–1   , tan–1   k  ,
2 2 
1 
and tan–1   2k  .
2 

Q.7 Find the simplest value of

x 1  1 
(a) f (x) = arc cos x + arc cos   3  3x 2  , x   , 1
2 2  2 
 1 x 2 1 
(b) f (x) = tan–1   , x  R – {0}
 x 
 
Q.8
(a) Let f (x) = cot–1(x2 + 4x + 2 – ) be a function defined R  0,  2 then find the complete set of real
values of  for which f (x) is onto.
 3 
(b) Let f : R   0,  be defined as f(x) = cot–1(x2 + x + a). If f(x) is surjective, then find the
 4
range of a.

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Q.9
(i) Find the sum of the series:
1 2 2 n 1
(a) tan1 + tan1 9 + ..... + tan1 1  2 2 n  1 + ..... 
3
1 1 1 1
(b) tan1 + tan1 + tan1 + tan1 2 to n terms.
x x1
2
x  3x  3
2
x  5x  7
2
x  7 x  13
where x > 0
10 10
m
(ii) If the sum   tan 1 n   k , find the value of k.
n 1 m 1

Q.10 Solve the following equations:


(a) sin1x + sin12x = (b) tan1(x1) + tan1(x) + tan1(x+1) = tan1(3x)
3
x1 2x  1 23 x2  1
= 2
2x
(c) tan1 + tan1 2 x  1 = tan1 (d) cos1 + tan1
x1 36 x2  1 x 1
2
3

Q.11 Let f (x) = ax2 + 2bx + c – 1, a, b, c  R such that f (1) = f (–1) = f (2) = 4.
 1 x2 
If g(x) = sin–1  2  – 2 tan x, then find the value of | g f (10)  + g f (10)  |.
 –1
 1  x 

 2x   1 x2   2x 
Consider the functions f (x) = sin–1  –1   –1  .
Q.12  , g (x) = cos  2  and h (x) = tan
2
1 x  1 x  1 x2 


(a) If x  (– 1, 1), then find the solution of the equation f (x) + g (x) + h (x) = .
2
(b) Find the value of f (2) + g (2) + h (2).

Q.13 Solve the following inequalities

(a) arc cot2 x  5 arc cot x + 6 > 0 (b) arc sin x > arc cos x (c) tan2 (arc sin x) > 1

 1  sin 2 x  cos 2 x 
Q.14 Consider f (x) = cot–1  
 1  sin 2 x  cos 2 x 
5
and  f (r) = 5a – b , where a, b  N, find (a + b).
r 1

 1 2 x 
Q.15 Let f(x) = x2 – 2ax + a – 2 and g(x) = 2  sin . If the set of real values of 'a' for which
 1  x 2 
f g( x )   0  x  R is (k1, k2) then find the value of (10k1 + 3k2).
[Note : [k] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to k.]
ER

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE-3
SECTION-A
(JEE-ADVANCED Previous Year's Questions)
Q.1 If 0 < x < 1, then 1 x 2 [{x cos (cot–1 x) + sin (cot–1 x)}2 – 1]1/2 =
x
(A) (B) x (C) x 1 x 2 (D) 1 x 2 [JEE 2008, 3]
1 x2
 23  n 
Q.2 The value of cot   cot 11   2k   is
 n 1  k 1  
23 25 23 24
(A) (B) (C) (D) [JEE Adv. 2013, 2]
25 23 24 23
Q.3 Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List I List II
1
  2 2
 1  cos(tan y)  y sin(tan y)   y 4  takes value
1 1 1 5
P.  y2  cot(sin 1 y)  tan(sin 1 y)   1.
2 3
   
Q. If cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 = sin x + sin y + sin z then possible
xy
value of cos   , is 2. 2
 2 
  1
R. If cos   x  cos 2x + sin x sin 2x sec x 3.
4  2

= cos x sin 2x sec x + cos   x  cos 2x
4 
then possible value of sec x is

S. If cot  sin 1 1  x 2
 
  
  sin tan 1 x 6 , x  0, 4. 1

then possible value of x is

Codes:
P Q R S P Q R S
(A) 4 3 1 2 (B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1 (D) 3 4 1 2 [JEEAdv. 2013, 3]
Q.4 Let f : [0, 4]  [0, ] be defined by f (x) = cos–1(cos x). The number of points x  [0, 4]
10  x
satisfying the equation f (x) = is [JEE Adv. 2014, 3]
10
6 4
Q.5 If  = 3 sin–1   and  = 3 cos–1   , where the inverse trigonometric functions take only the
 11  9
principal values, then the correct option(s) is(are)
(A) cos  > 0 (B) sin  < 0 (C) cos ( + ) > 0 (D) cos  < 0
[JEE Adv. 2015, 4]

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

SECTION-B
(JEE-MAIN Previous Year's Questions)

The value of cot  cos ec 1  tan 1  is

5 2
Q.1
 3 3

3 4 5 6
(1) (2) (3) (4) [AIEEE-2008]
17 17 17 17

Q.2 If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan–1x, tan–1y and tan–1z are also in A.P., then
(1) 2x = 3y = 6z (2) 6x = 3y = 2z (3) 6x = 4y = 3z (4) x = y = z
[JEE Main 2013]

 2x  1
Q.3 Let tan–1y = tan–1x + tan–1  2  , where |x| <
. Then a value of y is
1 x  3

3x  x 3 3x  x 3 3x  x 3 3x  x 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1  3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2
[JEE Main 2015]

EXERCISE-4
SECTION-A
(CBSE Previous Year's Questions)
Q.1 Solve for x : 2 tan–1 (cos x) = tan–1 (2 cosec x). [CBSE (AI) 2009]

1 2 1 3

Q.2 Prove the following : tan–1   + tan–1   = cos–1   [CBSE (F) 2009]
4 9 2 5

1  1 x 
Q.3 Prove the following : tan–1 x = cos–1   , x  (0, 1) [CBSE Delhi 2010]
2 1 x 

1 1 1 1 
Q.4 Prove that tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 = . [CBSE Delhi (AI) 2010, 2008]
5 7 3 8 4

x 1 x 1 
Q.5 If tan–1 + tan–1 = , then find the value of x. [CBSE Delhi (AI) 2010, 2008]
x2 x2 4

 1 1 a   1 1 a  2b
Q.6 Prove that tan   cos  + tan   cos = . [CBSE (F) 2010; (AI) 2008]
4 2 b 4 2 b a

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

 1 x  1 x   1 1
Q.7 Prove that tan–1   =  cos–1 x, –
  x  1. [CBSE (AI) 2011]
 1 x  1 x  4 2 2

 2   2 
Q.8 What is the principal value of cos–1  cos  + sin–1  sin  [CBSE (AI) 2011]
 3   3 

1 1 31
Q.9 Prove that : 2 tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1 [CBSE (AI) 2011]
2 7 17

 1 3 3 6
Q.10 Prove the following : cos  sin  cot 1   [CBSE 2012]
 5 2  5 13

  3 
Q.11 Write the value of tan 1 2 sin 2 cos 1  . [CBSE 2013]
  2 

1 3
Q.12 Show that : tan  sin 1  = 4  7 [CBSE 2013]
2 4 3

1  1 3 
Q.13 Solve the following equation : cos(tan x )  sin  cos  [CBSE 2013]
 4

 1 x  1 x   1 1
Q.14 Prove that tan 1  1
   cos x,  x 1 [CBSE 2014]
 1 x  1 x  4 2 2

 x2 1  x  2  
Q.15 tan 1    tan    , find the value of x. [CBSE 2014]
 x4 x4 4

 1  1  
Q.16 Evaluate : tan 2 tan     [CBSE 2015]
  5 4

Q.17 Solve for x : tan–1 (x – 1) + tan–1 x + tan–1 (x + 1) = tan–1 3x . [CBSE 2016]

 6 x  8x 3   4x  1
Q.18 Prove that tan–1  
2  – tan
–1  2  = tan 2x ; |2x| <
–1 [CBSE 2016]
 1  12 x   1  4x  3

x 3 x3 
Q.19 If tan–1 + tan–1 = , then find the value of x. [CBSE 2017]
x4 x4 4

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

SECTION-B
(Potential Problems Based on CBSE)

 1 
Q.1 Write the principal value of cot–1   .
 3

 1 
Q.2 If sin  sin 1  cos 1 x  = 1, then find the value of x.
 2 


Q.3 If tan–1 x + tan–1 y = , then write the value of x + y + xy..
4

Q.4 
Evaluate tan tan 1 ( 4) .
5 12 
Q.5 Simplify : sin–1  cos x  sin x  .
 13 13 
Q.6 Solve the following equation :
tan–1 (x – 1) + tan–1 x + tan–1 (x + 1) = tan–1 3x

Q.7 Express each of the following in simplest form :

1  x2 1  3a 2 x  x 3  a a
(i) tan–1 ,x0 (ii) tan–1  3 
2  , a > 0; – <x<
x  a  3ax  3 3

3x 4x
Q.8 Solve the equation : sin–1 + sin–1 = sin–1 x.
5 5
 3 3
Q.9 Find the value of the expression : tan  sin 1  cot 1  .
 5 2

4 5  16  
Q.10 Prove that sin–1   + sin–1   + sin–1  = .
5  13   65  2

EXERCISE-5 (Rank Booster)

Q.1 Find the domain and range of the following functions .

(i) f (x) = cot1(2x  x²) (ii) f (x) = sec1 (log3 tan x + logtan x 3)
 2 x2  1   
(iii) f(x) = cos1 
x 2
 1

 
 
(iv) f (x) = tan 1  log 4 5x 2  8x  4 
  5

1  1  6  1   1
  1  1  
In a ABC, if A = B =    
 and c = 6·3 , then find the area of ABC.
Q.2 sin  2 3  sin 4
2    3  

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1 100    1 1  1    1 1  1 
Q.3 Find the value of   tan   cos    tan   cos   .
2 n 1   4 2  n  4 2  n  

  2x 2  4  
Q.4 Solve for x : sin–1  sin 


 1  x 2   <  – 3.
  

 1  x  1  x2 
Q.5 If  = 2 arc tan   &  = arc sin   for 0 < x < 1 , then prove that + =, what the
1  x 
2
 1  x
value of  +  will be if x > 1.

cos 1 sgn(  x )  ; x0

 1
Q.6 Let f (x) = | x  2 | 1 – 1 and g(x) = tan 1  sgn( x )  ; x  0.
sin 1 sgn | x | ; x0


p
If the sum of the elements in the range of (gof ) (x) in   ,
q
where p, q  N, then find the least value of (p + q).
[Note : sgn (y) denotes the signum function of y.]
 1  4 x 2  2 3x 
 
Q.7 Consider, f(x) = tan–1  2 
 3  12x  2 x 

  3 1
(i) If x   ,  then find the range of f(x).
 4 2

 3 1  1 
(ii) Find the value of f   + f
 .
 4 2  2 2

10
 2x   1 
Q.8 If f(x) = sin–1   and
1 x2 
  f  r   f (r)  = k , then find the value of k.
r 2

2
  x  2
  + 8  tan 1 2  tan 1  cos–1 x +
1
Q.9 Consider, f(x) = 4  tan 1 . If minimum value of f (x)
  2   3 4
  1  x  
2
is equal to k , then find the value of k.

 2 1 
Q.10 If f(x) = sin–1  2x 1  x  + cos–1 (2x2 – 1) simplified to a sin–1x + b, where x   , 0
 
 2 
then find the value of  a  b .
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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE-1
SPECIAL DPP-1
Q.1 C Q.2 D Q.3 A Q.4 C Q.5 A
Q.6 A Q.7 B Q.8 B Q.9 C Q.10 D

SPECIAL DPP-2
Q.1 C Q.2 A Q.3 A Q.4 D Q.5 C
Q.6 D Q.7 A Q.8 AD Q.9 (A) S, (B) P, (C) R, (D) Q
Q.10 3
SPECIAL DPP-3
Q.1 D Q.2 D Q.3 C Q.4 B Q.5 C
Q.6 D Q.7 A Q.8 ACD Q.9 31 Q.10 0
SPECIAL DPP-4
Q.1 B Q.2 C Q.3 A Q.4 D Q.5 A
Q.6 C Q.7 C Q.8 C Q.9 A Q.10 C
Q.11 D
SPECIAL DPP-5
Q.1 D Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 C
Q.6 C Q.7 D Q.8 0 Q.9 8 Q.10 2

EXERCISE-2
Q.1 (i) 1/3  x  1 (ii) {1, 1} (iii) [– (1 + 2 ), ( 2 , – 1)]
(iv) (3/2 , 2] (v) {7/3, 25/9}
Q.2 (a), (b), (c) and (d) all are identical.
11
Q.3 53 Q.5 (i) 10; (ii)  Q.6 k=
4

 tan 1 x 1 17  3
Q.7 (a) ; (b) Q.8 (a) ; (b)  
3 2 2  4 

Q.9 (i) (a) , (b) arc tan (x + n)  arc tan x; (ii) 25 ;
4

1 3 1 1 4
Q.10 (a) x = ; (b) x = 0, ,  ; (c) x = ; (d) x = 2  3 or 3
2 7 2 2 3

1   3 
Q.11  Q.12 (a) 2  3 ; (b) cot  
 4 

F 2 , 1OP (c)  2 , 1    1 ,  2 

Q.13 (a) (cot 2 , )  (, cot 3) (b) GH 2 Q  2   2 
Q.14 5 Q.15 20

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE-3
SECTION-A
Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 B Q.4 3 Q.5 BCD

SECTION-B
Q.1 4 Q.2 4 Q.3 3

EXERCISE-4
SECTION-A
 1 2  
Q.1 Q.5 ± Q.8  Q.11
4 2 3 3 3

3 17 1
Q.13 ± Q.15 x=+ 2 Q.16 Q.17 x = 0, ±
7 7 2

17
Q.19 ±
2

SECTION-B
2 1 
Q.1 Q.2 Q.3 1 Q.4 –
3 2 10

5 1 1 tan 1 x x
Q.5 tan–1 +x Q.6 0, ,– Q.7 (i) , (ii) 3 tan–1
12 2 2 2 a

17
Q.8 0, 1, –1 Q.9
6

EXERCISE-5
Q.1 (i) D : x R R : [/4 , )

      2    
(ii) D: x   n, n   x x  n   n  I; R :  ,  – 
 2  4 3 3  2

    
(iii) D: xR R : 0 ,  (iv) D: xR R :  , 
 2  2 4

Q.2 27 Q.3 5050 Q.4 x  (–1, 1) Q.5  

    
Q.6 7 Q.7 (i)  ,  ; (ii) Q.8 0 Q.9 1
 3 2 3
Q.10 5

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Notes

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in Last Nineteen Years