random (without replacement).

If the random variable X denotes the number of defective

sample, find:
items in the

the probability distribution of X.

()
the mean of the distribution.
(ii)
(ii) the variance of the distribution.
numbers selected at random (without replacement) from the first five
16. Two positive are

pesitive integers. Let X denote the larger of the two numbers obtained. Find the mean
and the variance of the distribution. (CBSE 2018)

ANSWERSS
1.6 2. No 3. 1.3
4. 2.05; 1.4775 5. = 1.2, o2 = 0.56 6. (i) 0.1 (i) 0.8; 2.16

23 (ii) 1.71 (approx.)

7. 18 8.() 50
(ii) 5.2

(14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2 263 1076 2269
2 15 225 15

(0 1 2 3 9
2. 400 20/17
1
11.32873 221 12.
124 40 40
110
120
120

2 3
(0 1

14

(0 1 2)
16. Mean = 4, variance = 1

15. )
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Choose the correct answer fromn the given four options (1 to 60)):
two events and P(A) =
0.3, P(B) =
0.4, P(A N B) =0.5, then P(A U B) =

1. If A and B are
(d) 0.1
(a) 0.5 (6) 0.8 (c)1
than 3 and B is
2. A die is event that the number obtained is
thrown. If A is the greater
than 5, the P(AU B) is
event that the number obtained is less

(d) 0
(a) 1

p and P(B) 2p, then the value of p is

3. If P(A B) and P(A'NB) =

2
=
, P(A) = =

() 1 (6) ( )18
and P(ANB) then P(B/A) is equal to
If P(A)
=
4. =
10

() (d)
() (b) 8 8

such that P(A) =

0.2, P(B) = 0.4 and P(AU B) =
0.6, then
5. If A and B are two events
P(A/B) is equal to (d) 0.8
(b) 0.5 () 0.3
(a) 0
1318 MATHEMATICS XII

6. If P(A) P(B) and P(A UB) = , then P(B/A) + P(A/B) =

10
7
(a) () (d)
7.
4 3 (12 12

It(a)PA)
0.24
= 0.4, P(B)
=
0.8 and P(B/A) =
0.6, then P(A UB) is equal to
(d) 0.48
(b) 0.96 (c) 0.3
9
8. 1t PA) P ( B ) = a n d P(ANB) = , then P(A'/B) is equal to
13 13
5 4
(d)
13 (b)
13 ()9 9

9. If A and B are twoevents such that P(A) = , PB) = a n d P(A/B) = t h e n P(ATE')

1s equal to

(c) 4 () 6
10. If A and B are events such that P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.3 and P{A U B) = 0.5, then P(B'MA)
is equal to
3
(a) () 10
11. If A and B are two events such that P(B) = , P(A/B) = and P(A U B) = then P(A)

equals
() () 5 3
10
12. If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.2 and P(A/B) = 0.5, then
P(A'/B) is equal to
3
(a) (6) d)
10 10
13. If A and B are two events such that P(A) > 0 and P(B) #1, then P(A/B) is equal to

(c)-PAUB)
(a) 1-P(A/B) (6) 1- P(A'/B) P(B')
a)PA)

P(B)
14. If A and B are two events such that P(A) = , P(B) = 5 and P(A U B) = , then

P(A/B).P(A'/B) is equal to
() 20
15. If A and B independent events, then
are
P(AMB) is equal to
(a) P(A) + P(B) (b) P(A) - P(B)
) P(A).PB) (a) PlA)
P(B)
16. If Aand B are two independent events with P(A) =and P(B) , =
then P(A'OB) is
equal to

15
(b) ( (d)
2

17. If Aand B are two independent

events such that P(AUB') =0.8 and P(A) 0.3 then
is equal to
=
P(B)

()

18. If Aand B are two events such that P{A) * =

P(A/B) =
and P(B/A) , =
then P(B)
2
is equal to

( (b) ( 2
PROBABILITY
1319
sa Tf A and B are two independent events such that 0 <P(A) <1 and 0 < P(B) < 1, then which
19
is not correct?
of the following
a r e mutually exclusive (b) A and B' are independent
(a) A and B
(c) A and B are independent (d) A' and B' are independent
20. If two
events are independent, then
must be mutually exclusive of their must be 1
(a) they (b) sum probability
(c) (a) and (6) are both correct (d) none of the above is correct

21. If A and B are two events such that P(AUB) = , P(A N B) = and P(A) = then

events A and B are

(a) independent but not equally likely
(b) mutually exclusive and independent
(c)equally likely and mutually exclusive
(d) equally likely but not independent
22. If P(A) = P(B)
and P(A U B) =
, then events A and B are

(a) independent (b) independent and mutually exclusive

(c) mutually exclusive (d) none of these
23. If P(A OB) = P ( A U B) = and P(A) = , then which one of the following is correct?

(a) A and B are independent events (b) A and B are mutually exclusive events
(c) A and B are equally likely events (d) none of these
24. An experiment yields 3 mutually exclusive and exhaustive events A, B and C. IF
P(A) = 2 P(B) = 3 P (C), then P(A) is equal to

(@) ()
25. If P(AUB) = 0.8 and P(A nB) = 0.3, then P(A) + P(B) is equal to
(a) 0.7 (b) 0.9 (c) 0.5 () 1.1

26. If A and B are two events such that P(A U B) = P(ANB) = and P (A)= then

P(ANB) is equal to
5
(a) () () ()
27. Five persons A, B, C, D and E are standing in a queue of a ration shop. The probability
that A and E are always together is
3
() () (c) (d)
in randomly. The probability that boys and girls sit
28. 5 boys and 5 girls are sitting a row

alternately, is
3
(a)
126
126 126 (
29. Three houses are available in a locality. Three persons apply for the houses. Each applies
others. The probability that all the three apply for the
for one house without consulting
same house, is

7 ()
(a) )
two numbers are chosen at random. Probability
30. Out of 40 consecutive natural numbers,
iss
that the sum of numbers is odd,
20 (a) none of these
(a) 14
39
(b)
3
 MATHEMATICS XI|

1320
drawn at
random. The probability
balls. Two balls
are
contains 8 red and 7 black
31. A bag s a m e colour,
is
that both the balls are of the 4
7
(c) 15
(d) 15
(a) () 15 random without
drawn at
3 blue balls. If three balls a r e
contains 5 red and
32. A bag o n e red
ball is
replacement, the probability of getting exactly
(d)5
45 (b) 135 (c)
a) 196 56
balls. Three
balls are drawn at
balls and 2 blue
A box contains 3 orange balls, 3 green and
2 green balls
The probability of drawing
33.
from the box without replacement.
random
one blue ball is
(d) none of these
3 2
(a) 28
) 21 one by one without
three balls are drawn
34. A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. If two red balls of the
then the probability of drawing
exactly
the bag,
replacement from
three balls, the first ball being red, is
(4)
) (c) 4
28
or girl.
A family with
family, each child is equally likely that theboy
to be a a
35. Assume that in a a girl given
eldest child is
three children is chosen at random. The probability
that the family has atleast one girl is

(a) () (c)
52 playing cards. The
36. A die is thrown and card is selected at random from a deck of
a
and a spade card is
probability of getting an even number on the die
3

( (e)
from 1 to 25. f the two
37. A and B play a game where each is asked to select a number
numbers match, both of them win a prize. The probability that they will not win a prize
in a single trial, is
(d) none of these
() () 25
25
38. A bag contains 4 black balls and 3 white balls. Balls are picked up at random and placed
in a row. The probability that the balls are alternately of different colours is
1
(a) none of these
() 35 )5
39. Three numbers are chosen at random from 1 to 20. The probability that they are
consecutive is
1 3
(a) 190
120
(b) (c)190
(a) 190

40. A person draws out two balls suc essively from a bag containing 6 red and 4 white balls.
The probability that atleast one of them will be red is
78
(a) 12 )8
90 90 90
41. A bag contains 5 brown and 4 black socks. A man pulls out two socks. The probability
90
that these are of the same colour is

(b) 18 () d) *
108 108 108 108
42. The probability that in the toss of two dice we obtain the sum 7 or 11 is

() 18 ( (a)5
108
43. A pair of dice is thrown. If 5 atleast of the
appears on one dice, then the probability that
the sum is 10 or greater is
11
() (c)
36
4)2
PROBABILITY 1321
TurO dice are thrown. It is known that the sum of numbers on the dice was less than 6,
44.
the probability that the sum is less than 3 is
1 5
(b)
18 18 10
I n a Colege, 30% students fail in physics, 25% fail in mathematics and 10% fail in both
biects. One student is chosen at random. The probability that she fails in physics if she
sub
has failed in mathematics is
9
a10 (c) 20
(d)
46. The probability of throwing 16 in one throw with three dice is
1
() ()7772 ()
47, X speaks truth in 60% and Y in 50% of the cases. The probability that they contradict each
other while narrating the same fact is

a) 4
(6) ()
45. If the probability for A to fail in an examination is 0.2 and that for B is 0.3, then the
probability that either A fails or B fails is
(a) 0.5 (6) 0.06 (c) 0.56 (d) 0.44
49. A problem in mathematics is given to three students A, B, C and their chances of solving

the problem are and respectively. The probability that the problem is solved is

(4) 5
2
() ()
of hitting the target are
50. Three persons A, B and C fire a target in turn. Their probabilities
0.4, 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. The probability of two hits is

(b) 0.188 (c) 0.336 (d) 0.452

(a) 0.024
heads is
51. A and B toss 3 coins. The probability that they both obtain the same number of
() (b). (
balls. The other box
52. There are two bags.One bag contains 3 white balls and 2 black
selected at random and from it, a ball is
contains 7 white and 3 black balls. If a bag is
is
drawn, then the probability that the ball is black,

(a) (
distribution:
53. A random variable X' has the following probability

x 2 3456
3k 0.1
POX) 0.1 2 k k 0 2
The value of k is
(c) 0.3 (4) 0.15
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.1
random variable X is given below:
54. The probability distribution of a discrete

5
x2 3
The value of k is ) 48
(c) 32
8 (b) 16
 1322 MATHEMATICS XII

55. The probability distribution of a discrete random variable X is given below:

X3010-10
1 3 1
POX 10 2

Then, E(X) is equal to

(a) 6 () (c) 3 (d) -5
56. For the probability distribution:

-4-3-2-1|0
P(X)0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 02
E(X) is equal to
(e) 0 (d) -1.8
(b)-1 (c) -2
57. For the following probability distribution:

X 2 3

POO
E(X) is equal to
(a)3 b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 0
58. For a random variable X, E(X) = 3 and E(X) = 11. Then variance of Xis
a)8 b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 1
59. If a discrete random variable takes values x, y Xg , X, with probabilities p1, Pa P P
respectively, then the variance of X is given by
() ECX) (6) E(CX) + E(X) (c) ECX) - (ECX)2 (d) E(X)- (E(X)*
60. A random variable X' has the following probability distribution:

x0 1 2 3456 7
PO0 k 2 3 k 2 7K2 2k
The value of k is
-1 (6)-10 (c) 1

ANSWERS
1 (6) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) . (a) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (d)
9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (d) 13. () 14. () 15. 16. (4)
17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (d) 21. a) 22. () 23. (a) 24. (d)
25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (b) 31. (c) 32. (c)
33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. () 37. (6) 38. (a) 39. () 40. ()
41. (d) 42. (c) 43. 44. (c) 45. (b) 46. (a) 47. () 48. (d)
49. (a) 50. (b) 51. (c) 52. (d) 53. (b) 54. () 55. (b) 56. ()
57. (d) 58. () 59. (c) 60. (d)

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fil in the blanks in the following questions (1 to 35):
1. If the odds in favour of occurrence of an event are 2 : 3, then the probability of
non-occurrence of the event is ..
2. A bag contains 10 white balls and 6 black balls. Four balls are drawn at random without
replacement. The probability that the balls are of the same colour is
PROBABILITY

1323
The probability that a given three letter word has no letter repeated is
ArOom is fitted with 15 electric bulbs, out of which 3 bulbs are fused. ******************

witched on at random. The probability that the room is Two bulbs are
illuminated is . .
*********

5. tf the probability for A to fail in the exam is 0.15 and that for B to fail is 0.2, then the
probability that neither fails is.
6. If A and B' are independent events, then P(A' U B) = 1 - .
7. If A and B are two events such that
P(A/B) =
P(A), then A is ********** of B.
sIf A and B are events such that P(A' U B') = and P(A U B) = , then P(A) + P(B) =

9. If A and B are two events such that P(A/B) = p, P (A) = p, P(B) = and P(A U B) =

then
10. If A and B are independent events such that P(A) =p, P(B) = 2p and P(exactly one of A,

B) then p =
****************

11. If the probability that A and B will die within a year are p and q respectively, then the
probability that only one of them will be alive at the end of the year is **********°*****
12. Three cards are drawn successively with replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards.
The probability of drawing 2 aces and one king is. .
e******.*******
13. If P(A) = P(B) = and P(A U B) = , *
then P(B/A) =
*****************
2
14. The probability of getting an even prime number on each die when a pair of dice is rolled
1S . . . . ****o*****

15. The probability that A speaks truth is Acoin is tossed and A reports that a head
10
appears. The probability that actually there was a head is *********************

16. A basket contains 10 mangoes out of which 4 are rotten. Two mangoes are taken out
together at random. If one of them is found to be good, then the probability that the
other is also good is ..*.****************
17. In a random arrangement of the letters of the word BQUATION', the probability that all
the vowels occur
together is..
18. The probability of selecting a cube number from the first 100 natural numbers is
* ********.

19. A four digit number is formed using the digits 3, 5, 7, 9 with no repetitions. The
probability that the number is divisible by 5 is . .
************

20. If A and B are two independent events such that P{A) = 0.3 and P(AU B) = 0.8, then

P(B).
21. In a competition A, B and C are participating. The probability that A wins is twice that
of B and the probability that B wins is twice that of C. The probability that A losses is
***********.

22. If A, B, C are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events associated with a random
experiment, then the value of P(A) + P(B) + P{C) is . . .
23. If A, B and C are independent events such that P{A) = P(B) = P(C) = p, then the

of of atleast two of A, B and C is

probability
.

occurrence
24. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. The probability of

getting a spade and an ace 1S.

25. From 4 children, 4 men and 2 women, 4 persons are selected at random. The probability
that there are exactly 2 children among them is .
46. From a pack of 52 playing cards, three cards are selected at random. The probability of
drawing a king, a queen and a jack is.
 1324 MATHEMATICS XII
27. Three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen at random. Ihe probability that
the triangle formed by these three vertices is equilateral 1S....... i*
28. A man and his wife appear for an interview for two posts. The probability of man',

selection isand that of his wife's selection i s . The probability that atleast one f

them is selected is ******

29. A coin is tossed 4 times. The probability that atleast one head turns up is .

30. A bag contain 7 black and 2 white balls and another bag contains 5 black and 4 white
balls. Two balls are drawn, one from each bag. The probability that both bals are white

31. Two dice are thrown together. The probability that the sum of numbers appearing on
them is odd
an
prime number is . .

.
32. Two events A and B are such that P(A) = P(A/B) = and P(B/A) = 5, then P(B'/A')

********°******

33. If three distinct numbers are chosen randomly from the first 100 natural numbers, then
the probability that all three numbers are divisible by 2 and 3 both is..
34. If a random variable X takes values x,, Xy y . with probability P Pz Pa .

P respectively, the variance of distribution is given by .

35. If the probability distribution of a random variable X is given by: *******.****.

|X- 1 2
PX x)k 2k 3k 3k k
then the value of PX 2) =
oooee***e*******

ANSWERSS
2 3. 150 14
364 3.169 4.
15
5. 0.68 6. P(A) P(B)

7. independent 1 5
9. 10. 11.
p+4--2p9
7
12 13 13. 146 15 10 16 17.

18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 1 23. 3p2- 2ps

24 T6
26
25.
7 26. 5525
7.2835 29. 30. 8
81

3118 32 33. 155 34. pp-9a} 35.

1

CHAPTER TEST
Very short answer/objective questions (1 to :
1. Two coins are tossed
together. Find P(E|F) if E : no tails appear and F: no heads appear-
2. Given that the numbers appearing on rolling two dice
together are different, what is the
probability that the sum of the numbers appearing on the dice is 6?
3. Choose the correct answer in each of the following:
()IfA and B are two events such that P(A) * 0 and P(BIA) = 1 then
(a) A c B (b) Bc A4 (c) B (4) A =