Unit 2

Chapter - 4
Lists

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 Introduction
Sequence in an object that contain multiple items of
data.

A sequence may have repeated items in the list. The

number of elements are called length of the sequence.

Sequences in Python
Lists, Dictionaries, Strings, Tuples and Sets

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 Introduction
The data type list is an ordered sequence which
is mutable and made up of one or more elements.

Unlike a string which consists of only characters, a

list can have elements of different data types
such as integer, float, string, tuple or even another
list.

A list is very useful to group elements of mixed

data types. Elements of a list are enclosed in
square brackets and are separated by comma.

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 1. Lists
A list is a collection of items and each item has its own
index value. The items in a list can be of any type such
as strings, integers, floats.

Items in a list can be of multiple types. The

items/elements are enclosed in Square brackets [ ].

Index of first item is 0 and the last item is n-1.

Here n is number of items in a list.

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 a. Creating a List
The syntax for creating a list is:
<list_name> = [ ]

Creating a list
Lists are enclosed in square brackets [ ] and
each item is separated by a comma.

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 Creating a List (e.g.)
#list1 is the list of six even numbers
>>> list1 = [2,4,6,8,10,12]
>>> print(list1)
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12]

#list2 is the list of vowels

>>> list2 = ['a','e','i','o','u']
>>> print(list2)
['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u’]

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 Creating a List (e.g.)
#list3 is the list of mixed data types
>>> list3 = [100,23.5,'Hello']
>>> print(list3)
[100, 23.5, 'Hello’]

#list4 is the list of lists called nested list

>>> list4 =[['Physics',101],['Chemistry',202], ['Mathematics',303]]
>>> print(list4)
[['Physics', 101], ['Chemistry', 202],['Mathematics', 303]]

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 b. Initilaizing a List
#initialing a list named list1
>>> list1 = [2,4,6,8,10,12]

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c. Accessing Elements in a List
Each element in list is accessed using value called
index.

The first index value is 0, the second index is 1 and

so on.
Elements in the list are assigned index values in
increasing order sterling from 0.

To access an element, use square brackets with the

index [] value of that element.

We may also use negative index value to access

elements starting from the last element in the list,
having index value -1.
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c. Accessing Elements in a List
>>> list1 = [2,4,6,8,10,12]

>>> list1[0] #returns first element of list1

2

>>> list1[3] #returns fourth element of list1

8

#Out of range index value for the list returns error

>>> list1[15]
IndexError: list index out of range

#an expression resulting in an integer index

>>> list1[1+4]
12
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 Accessing Elements in a List
>>> list1 = [2,4,6,8,10,12]

>>> list1[-1] #return first element from right

12

#length of the list1 is assigned to n

>>> n = len(list1)
>>> print(n)
6

#Get the last element of the list1

>>> list1[n-1]
12

#Get the first element of list1

>>> list1[-n]
2
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Accessing Elements in a List

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 Lists are Mutable
Lists are Mutable

In Python, lists are mutable. It means that the contents of

the list can be changed after it has been created.

#List list1 of colors

>>> list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue','Orange’]

#change/override the fourth element of list1

>>> list1[3] = 'Black’

>>> list1 #print the modified list list1

['Red', 'Green', 'Blue', 'Black']

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 d. Travesing a List
Traversing means accessing each item in the list.
This can be done using loops (for or while)

(A) List traversal using for loop:

list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue','Yellow', 'Black']

for item in list1:
print(item)

Output:
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow
Black

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 Travesing a List
(B) Another way of accessing the elements of the list is using range() and
len() functions:

list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue','Yellow', 'Black']

for i in range(len(list1)):
print(list1[i])

Output:
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow
Black

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 List methods and built in Functions
List Methods and Built-in Functions
The data type list has several built-in methods that are useful in
programming.

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List methods and built in Functions

Courtesy: NCERT
List methods and built in Functions

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List methods and built in Functions

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List methods and built in Functions

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List methods and built in Functions

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 Manipulating a List
Various list manipulation methods are:

1. Append an element
2. Insert an element
3. Append a list to the given list
4. Modify an existing element
5. Delete an existing element from its position
6. Delete an existing element with a given value
7. Sort the list in the ascending order
8. Sort the list in descending order
9. Display the list.

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 Manipulating a List
myList=[22,4,16,38,13] #myList having 5 elements

1. Append an element

element = eval(input("Enter the element to be appended: "))

myList.append(element)
print("The element has been appended")

2. Insert an element

element = eval(input("Enter the element to be inserted: "))

pos = int(input("Enter the position:"))
myList.insert(pos, element)
print("The element has been inserted")

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 Manipulating a List
3. Append a list to the given list

newList=eval(input("Enter the list to be appended: "))

myList.extend(newList)
print("The list has been appended")

4. Modify an existing element

myList=[22,4,16,38,13]
i = int(input("Enter the position of the element to be modified:
"))
if i < len(myList):
newElement = eval(input("Enter the new element: "))
myList[i] = newElement
print("The element has been modified")
else:
print("Position of the element is more then the length of
list")
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 Manipulating a List
5. Delete an existing element from its position
myList=[22,4,16,38,13]
i = int(input("Enter the position of the element to be deleted:
"))
if i < len(myList):
element = myList.pop(i)
print("The element", element, " has been deleted")
else:
print("Position of the element is more then the length
of list")

6. Delete an existing element with a given value

element = int(input("Enter the element to be deleted: "))
if element in myList:
myList.remove(element)
print("The element", element, " has been deleted")
else:
print("Element", element, " is not present in the list")
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 Manipulating a List
7. Sort the list in the ascending order
myList.sort()
print("The list has been sorted")

8. Sort the list in descending order

myList.sort(reverse = True)
print("The list has been sorted in reverse order")

9. Display the list.

print("The list is:", myList)

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 Operations on Lists
Python provides several basic operations
which can be performed on a list.

a. Slicing
b. Concatenation
c. Repetition
d. Membership testing
e. Indexing

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 a. Slicing
Slicing is an operation in which you can slice a
particular range from that sequence.

List slices are the sub-parts of a list extracted out.

List slices can be created through the use of

indexes.

Syntax:
list[start:stop:step]
start is the starting point.
stop is the stopping point, which is not included.
Step is the step size. It is optional. Default value is 1.
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 a. Slicing
list =['I','N','D','I','A']

print(list[:]) ['I', 'N', 'D', 'I', 'A']

print(list[0:3]) ['I', 'N', 'D']
print(list[2:]) ['D', 'I', 'A']
print(list[:3]) ['I', 'N', 'D']
print(list[-3:]) ['D', 'I', 'A']
print(list[:-4]) ['I']
Print(list[1:4:2]) [‘N‘,'I']
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 a. Slicing
Consider a list/sequence as:

>>> x='computer'
>>> x[1:4] # omp
>>> x[3:] # puter
>>> x[:5] # compu
>>> x[-3:] # ter
>>> x[:-2] # comput

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 a. Slicing
>>> list1 =['Red','Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta','Yellow','Black’]

#subject from indexes 2 to 5 of list1

>>> list1[2:6]
['Blue', 'Cyan', 'Magenta', 'Yellow’]

#list1 is truncated to the end of the list

>>> list1[2:20] #second index is out of range
['Blue', 'Cyan', 'Magenta', 'Yellow', 'Black’]

>>> list1[7:2] #first index > second index

[] #results in an empty list

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 a. Slicing
>>> list1 =['Red','Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta','Yellow','Black’]

#return sublist from index 0 to 4

>>> list1[:5] #first index missing
['Red','Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta’]

#slicing with a given step size

>>> list1[0:6:2]
['Red','Blue','Magenta’]

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 a. Slicing
>>> list1 =['Red','Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta','Yellow','Black’]

#negative indexes
#elements at index -6,-5,-4,-3 are sliced
>>> list1[-6:-2]
['Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta’]

#both first and last index missing

>>> list1[::2] #step size 2 on entire list
['Red','Blue','Magenta','Black’]

#Access list in the reverse order using negative step size

>>> list1[::-1]
['Black','Yellow','Magenta','Cyan','Blue', 'Green','Red’]

>>> list1[::-2]
['Black', 'Magenta', 'Blue', 'Red']
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 b. Concatenation
Multiple sequences/lists can be combined together with help
of certain operators.
Python allows adding two lists using ‘+’ operator.

list1=['Red','Green']
list2=[10,20]

list1=list1+['Blue’]
print(list1) #['Red', 'Green', 'Blue']

list2=list2+[30]
print(list2) #[10, 20, 30]

list3=list1+list2
print(list3) #['Red', 'Green', 'Blue', 10, 20, 30]
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 b. Concatenation
>>> list1 = [1,2,3]
>>> str1 = "abc"
>>> list1 + str1
TypeError: can only concatenate list
(not "str") to list

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 c. Repetition/Replication
Asterisk (*) operator replicated the List for a
specified number of times.
e.g.
list2=[10,20,30]
print(list2*2) Output: [10, 20, 30, 10, 20, 30]

x="Python"*3
print(x) Output: PythonPythonPython

list1 = ['Hello’] #elements of list1 repeated 4

times
list1 * 4 Output: ['Hello', 'Hello', 'Hello', 'Hello']
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 d. Membership Testing
The Operator in checks if the element is present in
the list and returns True, else returns False.

e.g.1
x='Python'
print ('o' in x)
Output: True

e.g.2
y=[10,20,30,40]
print (50 in y)
Output: False
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 d. Membership Testing
The Operator not in transpose returns True
if the element is not present in the list, else it
returns False.

>>> list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue']

>>> 'Cyan' not in list1
True

>>> 'Green' not in list1

False
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 e. Indexing
Index is a number specifying the position of an
element in a list. It enables access to individual
elements in the list.

e.g.1
list1=['Red','Green','Blue']
list2=[10,20,30]
Output:
print(list1[-1]) Blue
print(list2[2]) 30

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 SUMMARY

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# Python Program to add items in the list according to
input by user

L=[]
n=int(input("How many items to be entered:"))
i=1
while(i<=n):
a=int(input("Enter element:"))
L.append(a)
i=i+1
print(L)

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# Python Program to find Largest and Smallest Number in a
List

NumList = [1,33,22,88,4,44]

Number=len(NumList)
print("Length of this List is : ", Number)
smallest = largest = NumList[0]

for i in range(1, Number):

if(smallest > NumList[i]):

smallest = NumList[i]

if(largest < NumList[i]):

largest = NumList[i]

print("The List is:",NumList)

print("The Smallest Element in this List is : ", smallest)
print("The Largest Element in this List is : ", largest)
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# Python Program to count occurrence of a Number in the List

ctr=0
List = [1,33,22,88,1,4,44,1]
print(List)
num=int(input("Enter Number in the List:"))

for i in range(0, len(List)):

if(num= =List[i]):
ctr=ctr+1

print("Number of times element occurring in List is:",ctr)

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# Python Program to calculate mean of elements in the List

L=[]
n=int(input("How many items to be enetered:"))
i=1
while(i<=n):
a=int(input("Enter element:"))
L.append(a)
i=i+1

sum=0
for i in range(0, len(L)):
sum=sum+L[i]
avg=sum/n

print("The List is",L)

print("The Mean
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of
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# Python Program to perform linear search in a List

L=[10,30,88,27,93]
print(L)
n=int(input("Enter item to be search:"))

flag=0
for i in range(0, len(L)):
if (n==L[i]):
flag=1
break

if (flag==1):
print("Element found")
else:
print("Element not found")
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