1.

2 Use Segments
and Congruence
Before You learned about points, lines, and planes.
Now You will use segment postulates to identify congruent segments.
Why? So you can calculate flight distances, as in Ex. 33.

Key Vocabulary In Geometry, a rule that is accepted without proof is called a postulate or
• postulate, axiom. A rule that can be proved is called a theorem, as you will see later.
axiom Postulate 1 shows how to find the distance between two points on a line.
• coordinate
• distance
POSTULATE For Your Notebook
• between
• congruent POSTULATE 1 Ruler Postulate
segments names of points
The points on a line can be matched one A B
to one with the real numbers. The real
x1 x2
number that corresponds to a point is the
coordinate of the point. coordinates of points

The distance between points A and B, A B

AB
written as AB, is the absolute value of the x1 x2
difference of the coordinates of A and B. AB 5 ⏐x2 2 x1⏐

In the diagrams above, the small numbers in the coordinates x1 and x2 are
called subscripts. The coordinates are read as “x sub one” and “x sub two.”
The distance between points A and B, or AB, is also called the length of }
AB.

EXAMPLE 1 Apply the Ruler Postulate

Measure the length of }
ST to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
S T

Solution
Align one mark of a metric ruler with S. Then estimate the coordinate of T.
For example, if you align S with 2, T appears to align with 5.4.
S T

ST 5 ⏐5.4 2 2⏐ 5 3.4 Use Ruler Postulate.

c The length of }
ST is about 3.4 centimeters.

1.2 Use Segments and Congruence

 ADDING SEGMENT LENGTHS When three points are collinear, you can say
that one point is between the other two.

A E
D
B
C
F

Point B is between points A and C. Point E is not between points D and F.

POSTULATE For Your Notebook

POSTULATE 2 Segment Addition Postulate
If B is between A and C, then AB 1 BC 5 AC. AC

If AB 1 BC 5 AC, then B is between A and C. A B C

AB BC

EXAMPLE 2 Apply the Segment Addition Postulate

MAPS The cities shown on

the map lie approximately
in a straight line. Use the
given distances to find the
distance from Lubbock,
Texas, to St. Louis, Missouri.

Solution
Because Tulsa, Oklahoma, lies
between Lubbock and St. Louis,
you can apply the Segment
Addition Postulate.
LS 5 LT 1 TS 5 380 1 360 5 740
c The distance from Lubbock to St. Louis is about 740 miles.

✓ GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1 and 2

1
Use a ruler to measure the length of the segment to the nearest } inch.
8
1. 2.
M N P P

In Exercises 3 and 4, use the diagram shown.

3. Use the Segment Addition Postulate to X 23 Y
find XZ. 50 Z
4. In the diagram, WY 5 30. Can you use
the Segment Addition Postulate to find W
the distance between points W and Z?
Explain your reasoning.

Chapter 1 Essentials of Geometry

 EXAMPLE 3 Find a length
Use the diagram to find GH. 36

Solution F 21 G H

Use the Segment Addition Postulate to write an equation. Then solve the
equation to find GH.
FH 5 FG 1 GH Segment Addition Postulate

36 5 21 1 GH Substitute 36 for FH and 21 for FG.

15 5 GH Subtract 21 from each side.

CONGRUENT SEGMENTS Line segments that have the same length are called
congruent segments. In the diagram below, you can say “the length of }
AB is
equal to the length of } AB is congruent to }
CD,” or you can say “} CD.”
The symbol > means “is congruent to.”

Lengths are equal. Segments are congruent.

READ DIAGRAMS A B AB 5 CD AB > }
} CD
In the diagram, the red
tick marks indicate that
AB > }
} CD. C D “is equal to” “is congruent to”

EXAMPLE 4 Compare segments for congruence

Plot J(23, 4), K(2, 4), L(1, 3), and M(1, 22) in a coordinate plane.
Then determine whether } JK and }LM are congruent.
Solution
To find the length of a horizontal segment, y
find the absolute value of the difference of J(23, 4) K(2, 4)
the x-coordinates of the endpoints.
REVIEW USING A L(1, 3)
COORDINATE PLANE JK 5 ⏐2 2 (23)⏐ 5 5 Use Ruler Postulate.
For help with using a 1
To find the length of a vertical segment,
coordinate plane, see find the absolute value of the difference of 2 x
p. 878. the y-coordinates of the endpoints.
M(1, 22)
LM 5 ⏐22 2 3⏐ 5 5 Use Ruler Postulate.

c}
JK and }
LM have the same length. So, }
JK > }
LM.

✓ GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 3 and 4

5. Use the diagram at the right to find WX. 144

6. Plot the points A(22, 4), B(3, 4), C(0, 2),
V 37 W X
and D(0, 22) in a coordinate plane. Then
determine whether } AB and }
CD are congruent.

1.2 Use Segments and Congruence 11

 1.2 EXERCISES HOMEWORK
KEY
5 WORKED-OUT SOLUTIONS
on p. WS1 for Exs. 13, 17, and 33
★ 5 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE
Exs. 2, 20, 27, and 34

SKILL PRACTICE
In Exercises 1 and 2, use the diagram at the right.
1. VOCABULARY Explain what }
MN means and what
M P P N
MN means.

2. ★ WRITING Explain how you can find PN if you know

PQ and QN. How can you find PN if you know MP and MN?

EXAMPLE 1 MEASUREMENT Measure the length of the segment to the nearest tenth of
on p. 9 a centimeter.
for Exs. 3–5
3. 4. 5.
A B C D E F

EXAMPLES SEGMENT ADDITION POSTULATE Find the indicated length.

2 and 3
6. Find MP. 7. Find RT. 8. Find UW.
on pp. 10–11
for Exs. 6–12
M 5 N 18 P R 22 S 22 T U 39 V 26 W

9. Find XY. 10. Find BC. 11. Find DE.

30 42 63

X Y 7 Z A 27 B C D E 50 F

12. ERROR ANALYSIS In the figure at the right,

AC 5 14 and AB 5 9. Describe and correct the A B C
error made in finding BC.
BC 5 14 1 9 5 23

EXAMPLE 4 CONGRUENCE In Exercises 13–15, plot the given points in a coordinate

on p. 11 plane. Then determine whether the line segments named are congruent.
AB and }
13. A(0, 1), B(4, 1), C(1, 2), D(1, 6); }
for Exs. 13–19
CD
14. J(26, 28), K(26, 2), L(22, 24), M(26, 24); }
JK and }
LM
15. R(2200, 300), S(200, 300), T(300, 2200), U(300, 100); }
RS and }
TU

ALGEBRA Use the number line to find the indicated distance.

16. JK 17. JL 18. JM 19. KM

J K L M

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

20. ★ SHORT RESPONSE Use the diagram. Is it possible to use the Segment
Addition Postulate to show that FB > CB or that AC > DB? Explain.

A D F C B

12 Chapter 1 Essentials of Geometry

 FINDING LENGTHS In the diagram, points V, W, X, Y, and Z are collinear,
VZ 5 52, XZ 5 20, and WX 5 XY 5 YZ. Find the indicated length.
21. WX 22. VW 23. WY
V
24. VX 25. WZ 26. VY W
X
Y
Z
27. ★ MULTIPLE CHOICE Use the diagram.
What is the length of }
EG ?
1.6x
A 1 B 4.4 E
6
F
C 10 D 16 x
G

ALGEBRA Point S is between R and T on }

RT. Use the given information
to write an equation in terms of x. Solve the equation. Then find RS and ST.
28. RS 5 2x 1 10 29. RS 5 3x 2 16 30. RS 5 2x 2 8
ST 5 x 2 4 ST 5 4x 2 8 ST 5 3x 2 10
RT 5 21 RT 5 60 RT 5 17

AB > }
31. CHALLENGE In the diagram, } BC, }
AC > }
CD, and
D
AD 5 12. Find the lengths of all the segments in the
diagram. Suppose you choose one of the segments at
C
random. What is the probability that the measure of B
the segment is greater than 3? Explain. A

PROBLEM SOLVING
32. SCIENCE The photograph shows an insect called a
t hor a x
walkingstick. Use the ruler to estimate the length en
abdo m
of the abdomen and the length of the thorax to
1
the nearest } inch. About how much longer is the
4
walkingstick’s abdomen than its thorax?
GPS
QSPCMFN
TPMWJOH
IFMQ
BU
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EXAMPLE 2 33. MODEL AIRPLANE In 2003, a remote-controlled model airplane became

on p. 10 the first ever to fly nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean. The map shows
for Ex. 33 the airplane’s position at three different points during its flight.

a. Find the total distance the model airplane flew.

b. The model airplane’s flight lasted nearly 38 hours. Estimate the
airplane’s average speed in miles per hour.
GPS
QSPCMFN
TPMWJOH
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1.2 Use Segments and Congruence 13

 34. ★ SHORT RESPONSE The bar graph shows the win-loss record for a
lacrosse team over a period of three years.
a. Use the scale to find the length Win-Loss Record
of the yellow bar for each year.
What does the length represent?
2003
b. For each year, find the percent
of games lost by the team. 2004
c. Explain how you are applying
the Segment Addition Postulate 2005
when you find information from
a stacked bar graph like the 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
one shown. Number of games
Wins Losses

35. MULTI-STEP PROBLEM A climber uses a rope to descend a vertical cliff.

Let A represent the point where the rope is secured at the top of the
cliff, let B represent the climber’s position, and let C represent the point
where the rope is secured at the bottom of the cliff.
a. Model Draw and label a line segment that represents the situation.
b. Calculate If AC is 52 feet and AB is 31 feet, how much farther must the
climber descend to reach the bottom of the cliff?
(FPNFUSZ at classzone.com

36. CHALLENGE Four cities lie along

a straight highway in this order: City A City B City C City D
City A, City B, City C, and City D. City A ? ? ?
The distance from City A to City B
is 5 times the distance from City B City B ? ? ?
to City C. The distance from City City C ? ? 10 mi
A to City D is 2 times the distance
from City A to City B. Copy and City D ? ? ?
complete the mileage chart.

MIXED REVIEW
PREVIEW Simplify the expression. Write your answer in simplest radical form. (p. 874)
} } }
Prepare for
Lesson 1.3
37. Ï 45 1 99 38. Ï 14 1 36 39. Ï42 1 (22)2
in Exs. 37–42.
Solve the equation. (p. 875)
40. 4m 1 5 5 7 1 6m 41. 13 2 4h 5 3h 2 8 42. 17 1 3x 5 18x 2 28

Use the diagram to decide whether the

statement is true or false. (p. 2) D

43. Points A, C, E, and G are coplanar. B G

‹]› ‹]› A
E
44. DF and AG intersect at point E.
]› ]›
45. AE and EG are opposite rays.
C
F

14 EXTRA PRACTICE for Lesson 1.2, p. 896 ONLINE QUIZ at classzone.com

 1.3 Use Midpoint and
Distance Formulas
Before You found lengths of segments.
Now You will find lengths of segments in the coordinate plane.
Why? So you can find an unknown length, as in Example 1.

Key Vocabulary
• midpoint
ACTIVITY FOLD A SEGMENT BISECTOR
• segment bisector STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Draw } AB on a piece of Fold the paper so that Label point M. Compare

paper. B is on top of A. AM, MB, and AB.

MIDPOINTS AND BISECTORS The midpoint of a segment is the point that

divides the segment into two congruent segments. A segment bisector is
a point, ray, line, line segment, or plane th at intersects the segment at its
midpoint. A midpoint or a segment bisector bisects a segment.

M C
A M B A D B

‹]›
M is the midpoint of }
AB . CD is a segment bisector of }
AB .
AM > }
So, } MB and AM 5 MB. AM > }
So, } MB and AM 5 MB .

EXAMPLE 1 Find segment lengths 9

SKATEBOARD In the skateboard design, }

VW bisects }
XY at
point T, and XT 5 39.9 cm. Find XY.
6
Solution 4
Point T is the midpoint of }
XY. So, XT 5 TY 5 39.9 cm.
7
XY 5 XT 1 TY Segment Addition Postulate

5 39.9 1 39.9 Substitute.

5 79.8 cm Add.
8

1.3 Use Midpoint and Distance Formulas 15

 EXAMPLE 2 Use algebra with segment lengths

ALGEBRA Point M is the midpoint 4x 2 1 3x 1 3

of }
VW. Find the length of }
VM. V M W

Solution

REVIEW ALGEBRA STEP 1 Write and solve an equation. Use the fact that that VM 5 MW.
For help with solving VM 5 MW Write equation.
equations, see p. 875.
4x 2 1 5 3x 1 3 Substitute.

x2153 Subtract 3x from each side.

x54 Add 1 to each side.

STEP 2 Evaluate the expression for VM when x 5 4.

VM 5 4x 2 1 5 4(4) 2 1 5 15
c So, the length of }
VM is 15.
CHECK Because VM 5 MW, the length of }
MW should be 15. If you evaluate
the expression for MW, you should find that MW 5 15.
MW 5 3x 1 3 5 3(4) 1 3 5 15 ✓

✓ GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1 and 2

READ DIRECTIONS In Exercises 1 and 2, identify the segment bisector of }

PQ. Then find PQ.
Always read direction
1. 1 78 2.
lines carefully. Notice l
that this direction line
P M P 5x 2 7 11 2 2x
has two parts.
N P M P

COORDINATE PLANE You can use the coordinates of the endpoints of a

segment to find the coordinates of the midpoint.

KEY CONCEPT For Your Notebook

The Midpoint Formula
The coordinates of the midpoint of a y
segment are the averages of the y2 B(x2, y2)
x-coordinates and of the y-coordinates

S D
of the endpoints. y1 1 y2
x1 1 x2 y 1 1 y 2
2 M 2 , 2
If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y 2) are points in a
y1
coordinate plane, then the midpoint M A(x1, y1)
of }
AB has coordinates
x1 1 x 2 y 1 1 y 2 x1 x1 1 x2 x2
1} , } 2.
x
2
2 2

16 Chapter 1 Essentials of Geometry

 EXAMPLE 3 Use the Midpoint Formula
a. FIND MIDPOINT The endpoints of }
RS are R(1, 23) and S(4, 2). Find
the coordinates of the midpoint M.
b. FIND ENDPOINT The midpoint of }
JK is M(2, 1). One endpoint is
J(1, 4). Find the coordinates of endpoint K.

Solution y

a. FIND MIDPOINT Use the Midpoint Formula. S(4, 2)

1
1 4 , 23 1 2 5 M 5 , 2 1
1
M 1} }
2
}
2
}2 12 2 2 1 x
M(?, ?)
c The coordinates of the midpoint M
are 1 }
5 1
, 2} 2. R(1, 23)
2 2

b. FIND ENDPOINT Let (x, y) be the coordinates y

of endpoint K. Use the Midpoint Formula. J(1, 4)
STEP 1 Find x. STEP 2 Find y.
CLEAR FRACTIONS 11x 41y
}52 }51 1
M(2, 1)
Multiply each side of 2 2
the equation by the
11x54 41y52 1 x
denominator to clear K(x, y)
the fraction. x53 y 5 22
c The coordinates of endpoint K are (3, 22).

✓ GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 3

3. The endpoints of }
AB are A(1, 2) and B(7, 8). Find the coordinates of the
midpoint M.
4. The midpoint of }
VW is M(21, 22). One endpoint is W(4, 4). Find the
coordinates of endpoint V.

DISTANCE FORMULA The Distance Formula is a formula for computing the

distance between two points in a coordinate plane.

KEY CONCEPT For Your Notebook

The Distance Formula y
B(x2, y2)
READ DIAGRAMS If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y 2) are points in
The red mark at one a coordinate plane, then the distance z y 2 2 y1 z
corner of the triangle between A and B is
shown indicates a A(x1, y1)
}} C(x2, y1)
right triangle. AB 5 Ï(x2 2 x1)2 1 (y2 2 y1)2 . z x2 2 x1 z
x

1.3 Use Midpoint and Distance Formulas 17

 The Distance Formula is based on the Pythagorean Theorem, which you will
see again when you work with right triangles in Chapter 7.
Distance Formula Pythagorean Theorem
(AB)2 5 (x2 2 x1)2 1 (y2 2 y1)2 c 2 5 a2 1 b2

y
B(x2, y2)
z y 2 2 y1 z c
b

A(x1, y1) C(x2, y1) a

z x2 2 x1 z
x

★ EXAMPLE 4 Standardized Test Practice

ELIMINATE CHOICES What is the approximate length of }

RS with endpoints R (2, 3)
Drawing a diagram and S(4, 21)?
can help you eliminate
choices. You can see A 1.4 units B 4.0 units C 4.5 units D 6 units
that choice A is not
large enough to be RS.
Solution
Use the Distance Formula. You may find it helpful y
to draw a diagram. R(2, 3)
}}
RS 5 Ï (x2 2 x1) 1 (y2 2 y1)
2 2
Distance Formula
}}} 1
5 Ï [(4 2 2)]2 1 [(21) 2 3]2 Substitute.
1 x
}}
5 Ï (2) 1 (24)
2 2
Subtract. S(4, 21)
}
5 Ï 4 1 16 Evaluate powers.
}
5 Ï 20 Add.
READ SYMBOLS
ø 4.47 Use a calculator to approximate
The symbol ø means “is
the square root.
approximately equal to.”
c The correct answer is C. A B C D

✓ GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 4

5. In Example 4, does it matter which ordered pair you choose to substitute

for (x1, y1) and which ordered pair you choose to substitute for (x2, y 2)?
Explain.
6. What is the approximate length of }
AB, with endpoints A(23, 2) and
B(1, 24)?
A 6.1 units B 7.2 units C 8.5 units D 10.0 units

18 Chapter 1 Essentials of Geometry

 1.3 EXERCISES HOMEWORK
KEY
5 WORKED-OUT SOLUTIONS
on p. WS1 for Exs. 15, 35, and 49
★ 5 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE
Exs. 2, 23, 34, 41, 42, and 53

SKILL PRACTICE
1. VOCABULARY Copy and complete: To find the length of }
AB, with
endpoints A(27, 5) and B(4, 26), you can use the ? .

2. ★ WRITING Explain what it means to bisect a segment. Why is it

impossible to bisect a line?

EXAMPLE 1 FINDING LENGTHS Line l bisects the segment. Find the indicated length.
on p. 15 1 5
3. Find RT if RS 5 5} in. 4. Find UW if VW 5 } in. 5. Find EG if EF 5 13 cm.
for Exs. 3–10 8 8
l l l

R S T U V W E F G

1
6. Find BC if AC 5 19 cm. 7. Find QR if PR 5 9} in. 8. Find LM if LN 5 137 mm.
2
l l l

A B C P P R L M N

9. SEGMENT BISECTOR Line RS bisects }

3
PQ at point R. Find RQ if PQ 5 4} inches.
4

10. SEGMENT BISECTOR Point T bisects }

7
UV. Find UV if UT 5 2} inches.
8

EXAMPLE 2 ALGEBRA In each diagram, M is the midpoint of the segment. Find the
on p. 16 indicated length.
for Exs. 11–16
11. Find AM. 12. Find EM. 13. Find JM.
x15 2x 7x 8x 2 6 6x 1 7 4x 1 5
A M C E M G J M L

14. Find PR. 15. Find SU. 16. Find XZ.

6x 2 11 10x 2 51 x 1 15 4x 2 45 2x 1 35 5x 2 22
P M R S M U X M Z

EXAMPLE 3 FINDING MIDPOINTS Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment
on p. 17 with the given endpoints.
for Exs. 17–30
17. C(3, 5) and D(7, 5) 18. E(0, 4) and F(4, 3) 19. G(24, 4) and H(6, 4)
20. J(27, 25) and K(23, 7) 21. P(28, 27) and Q(11, 5) 22. S(23, 3) and T(28, 6)

23. ★ WRITING Develop a formula for finding the midpoint of a segment

with endpoints A(0, 0) and B(m, n). Explain your thinking.

1.3 Use Midpoint and Distance Formulas 19

 24. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe the error made in
3 2 (21)
finding the coordinates of the midpoint of a 1}
8 2 2,
2
} 2 5 (3, 2)
2
segment with endpoints S(8, 3) and T(2, 21).

FINDING ENDPOINTS Use the given endpoint R and midpoint M of RS to find

}
the coordinates of the other endpoint S.
25. R(3, 0), M(0, 5) 26. R(5, 1), M(1, 4) 27. R(6, 22), M(5, 3)
28. R(27, 11), M(2, 1) 29. R(4, 26), M(27, 8) 30. R(24, 26), M(3, 24)

EXAMPLE 4 DISTANCE FORMULA Find the length of the segment. Round to the nearest
on p. 18 tenth of a unit.
for Exs. 31–34
31. y 32. y 33. y
Œ(23, 5) S(21, 2)
Œ(5, 4)
1

R(2, 3) 1 x
P(1, 2)
1 1
T (3, 22)
1 x 1 x

34. ★ MULTIPLE CHOICE The endpoints of }

MN are M(23, 29) and N(4, 8).
What is the approximate length of }
MN ?
A 1.4 units B 7.2 units C 13 units D 18.4 units

NUMBER LINE Find the length of the segment. Then find the coordinate of
the midpoint of the segment.
35. 36. 37.
24 22 0 2 4 28 26 24 22 0 2 4 220 210 0 10 20 30

38. 39. 40.

230 220 210 0 29 26 23 0 3 28 26 24 22 0

41. ★ MULTIPLE CHOICE The endpoints of }

LF are L(22, 2) and F(3, 1).
The endpoints of }JR are J(1, 21) and R(2, 23). What is the approximate
difference in the lengths of the two segments?
A 2.24 B 2.86 C 5.10 D 7.96

42. ★ }
SHORT RESPONSE One endpoint of PQ is P(22, 4). The midpoint of PQ
}
is M(1, 0). Explain how to find PQ.

COMPARING LENGTHS The endpoints of two segments are given. Find each
segment length. Tell whether the segments are congruent.
43. }
AB : A(0, 2), B(23, 8) 44. }
EF: E(1, 4), F(5, 1) 45. }
JK: J(24, 0), K(4, 8)
} C(22, 2), D(0, 24)
CD: } G(23, 1), H(1, 6)
GH: } L(24, 2), M(3, 27)
LM:

46. ALGEBRA Points S, T, and P lie on a number line. Their coordinates

are 0, 1, and x, respectively. Given SP 5 PT, what is the value of x ?

47. CHALLENGE M is the midpoint of }

x 3x
JK, JM 5 }, and JK 5 } 2 6. Find MK.
8 4

5 WORKED-OUT SOLUTIONS ★ 5 STANDARDIZED

20 on p.. WS1 TEST PRACTICE
 PROBLEM SOLVING
EXAMPLE 1
}
48. WINDMILL In the photograph of a windmill, ST Q T
on p. 15
} }
bisects QR at point M. The length of QM is
for Ex. 48 1
18 } feet. Find QR and MR. M
2
GPS
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S R

49. DISTANCES A house and a school are 5.7 kilometers apart on the same
straight road. The library is on the same road, halfway between the house
and the school. Draw a sketch to represent this situation. Mark the locations
of the house, school, and library. How far is the library from the house?
GPS
QSPCMFN
TPMWJOH
IFMQ
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DMBTT[POFDPN

ARCHAEOLOGY The points on the diagram show the positions of objects at

an underwater archaeological site. Use the diagram for Exercises 50 and 51.

y
C
6

Distance (m)
D
4

B
2
50. Find the distance between each pair of objects. Round A
to the nearest tenth of a meter if necessary.
0
a. A and B b. B and C c. C and D 0 2 4 6 x
Distance (m)
d. A and D e. B and D f. A and C
51. Which two objects are closest to each other? Which two are farthest apart?
(FPNFUSZ at classzone.com

52. WATER POLO The diagram

shows the positions of three
players during part of a water
polo match. Player A throws
Distance (m)

the ball to Player B, who

then throws it to Player C.
How far did Player A throw
the ball? How far did Player B
throw the ball? How far would
Player A have thrown the
ball if he had thrown it
directly to Player C? Round all
answers to the nearest tenth of
a meter.
Distance (m)

1.3 Use Midpoint and Distance Formulas 21

 53. ★ EXTENDED RESPONSE As shown, a path goes around a triangular park.
a. Find the distance around the park to the Y
nearest yard. 
0

$ISTANCE YD
b. A new path and a bridge are constructed from
point Q to the midpoint M of }

PR. Find QM
to the nearest yard. 
c. A man jogs from P to Q to M to R to Q and
" 2
back to P at an average speed of 150 yards 
X
    
per minute. About how many minutes does
it take? Explain. $ISTANCE YD

AB bisects }
54. CHALLENGE } CD at point M, }
CD bisects }
AB at point M,
and AB 5 4 p CM. Describe the relationship between AM and CD.

MIXED REVIEW
The graph shows data about the number of children in the families of
students in a math class. (p. 888)
55. What percent of the students in the class 1 child 28%
belong to families with two or more children? 2 children 56%
56. If there are 25 students in the class, how 3 or more
many students belong to families with two children? children 16%

PREVIEW Solve the equation. (p. 875)

Prepare for
57. 3x 1 12 1 x 5 20 58. 9x 1 2x 1 6 2 x 5 10 59. 5x 2 22 2 7x 1 2 5 40
Lesson 1.4
in Exs. 57–59.
In Exercises 60–64, use the diagram at the right. (p. 2)
60. Name all rays with endpoint B. A
B
61. Name all the rays that contain point C. P
62. Name a pair of opposite rays.
‹]› ‹]› C
63. Name the intersection of AB and BC . D
‹]› Q
64. Name the intersection of BC and plane P.
E

QUIZ for Lessons 1.1–1.3

1. Sketch two lines that intersect the same plane at two different points.
The lines intersect each other at a point not in the plane. (p. 2)

In the diagram of collinear points, AE 5 26, AD 5 15,

and AB 5 BC 5 CD. Find the indicated length. (p. 9) A B C D E
2. DE 3. AB 4. AC
5. BD 6. CE 7. BE
8. The endpoints of }
RS are R(22, 21) and S(2, 3). Find the coordinates of the
midpoint of }
RS. Then find the distance between R and S. (p. 15)

22 EXTRA PRACTICE for Lesson 1.3, p. 896 ONLINE QUIZ at classzone.com

MIXED REVIEW of Problem Solving STATE TEST PRACTICE
classzone.com

Lessons 1.1–1.3
1. MULTI-STEP PROBLEM The diagram shows 5. SHORT RESPONSE Point E is the midpoint of
‹]› ‹]›
existing roads (BD and DE ) and a new road
} and the midpoint of }
AB CD. The endpoints of
}) under construction.
(CE
}
AB are A(24, 5) and B(6, 25). The coordinates
of point C are (2, 8). Find the coordinates of
Y
 point D. Explain how you got your answer.
" # $

 6. OPEN-ENDED The distance around a figure

$ISTANCE MI

is its perimeter. Choose four points in a

 coordinate plane that can be connected to
form a rectangle with a perimeter of
%
 16 units. Then choose four other points
and draw a different rectangle that has
 a perimeter of 16 units. Show how you
       X determined that each rectangle has a
$ISTANCE MI perimeter of 16 units.
a. If you drive from point B to point E on
existing roads, how far do you travel? 7. SHORT RESPONSE Use the diagram of a box.
What are all the names that can be used to
b. If you use the new road as you drive from
describe the plane that contains points B, F,
B to E, about how far do you travel? Round
and C ? Name the intersection of planes ABC
to the nearest tenth of a mile if necessary.
and BFE. Explain.
c. About how much shorter is the trip from
B to E if you use the new road? E F

2. GRIDDED ANSWER Point M is the midpoint

of }
PQ. If PM 5 23x 1 5 and MQ 5 25x 2 4, A B G
find the length of }
PQ.
D C
3. GRIDDED ANSWER You are hiking on a trail
that lies along a straight railroad track. The
total length of the trail is 5.4 kilometers. 8. EXTENDED RESPONSE Jill is a salesperson
You have been hiking for 45 minutes at an who needs to visit towns A, B, and C. On the
average speed of 2.4 kilometers per hour. map below, AB 5 18.7 km and BC 5 2AB.
How much farther (in kilometers) do you Assume Jill travels along the road shown.
need to hike to reach the end of the trail?
Town
Town
A
4. SHORT RESPONSE The diagram below shows B Town
the frame for a wall. }
C
FH represents a vertical
board, and }EG represents a brace. If
FG 5 143 cm, does the brace bisect } FH? a. Find the distance Jill travels if she starts
If not, how long should }
at Town A, visits Towns B and C, and then
FG be so that the
brace does bisect }
returns to Town A.
FH? Explain.
% & b. About how much time does Jill spend
driving if her average driving speed is
70 kilometers per hour?
'  M c. Jill needs to spend 2.5 hours in each town.
Can she visit all three towns and return to
Town A in an 8 hour workday ? Explain.
(

Mixed Review of Problem Solving 23