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Math 2

GEC 104- Modern Mathematics

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Princess grace Mangao
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21 views

Math 2

GEC 104- Modern Mathematics

Uploaded by

Princess grace Mangao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Correlation: Positive Correlation, Negative Correlation, and

Zero Correlation
Correlation measures the association or the strength of the relationship between two
variables say, x and y.

When a variable increases while the other decreases, these variables are indirectly
correlated or negatively correlated. But when one variable increases and the other
increases as well or one variable decreases, as well as the other variable, then the two
variables are directly correlated or positively correlated.

Example:

Positive Correlation

 As the number of raining days increases, the raincoat sale increase.


 When the temperature rises, ice cream sales also increase.
 The more time a student spends studying, the higher their grades are likely to be.
 As income increases, people tend to spend more.
The two variables are related in a way that when one changes, the other follows a similar
pattern.

Negative Correlation
 The more hours someone sleeps, the less tired they are likely to feel.
 Students who spend more time playing video games may tend to spend less time
studying.
 As the price of a product increases, the demand for that product decreases.
 As deforestation increases, biodiversity tends to decrease.
The two variables are related in a way that when one changes, the other changes in the
opposite direction.

Zero Correlation
 Shoe size and intelligence
 Hair color and driving ability
 Length of hair and mathematical ability
 Number of siblings and height

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

The correlation coefficient is an index that describes the relationship and can take on
values between -1.0 and +1.0, with a positive correlation coefficient indicating a positive
correlation and a negative correlation coefficient indicating a negative correlation.

CORRELATION PATTERNS IN SCATTER PLOT or SCATTER GRAPH


When the points on a scatterplot graph
produce a lower-left-to-upper-right pattern,
there is a positive correlation between
the two variables. This pattern means that
when the score of one variable is high, we
expect the score of the other variable to be
high as well, and vice versa.

When the points on a scatterplot graph


produce a upper-left-to-lower-right pattern,
there is a negative correlation between
the two variables. This pattern means that
when the score of one observation is high,
we expect the score of the other
observation to be low, and vice versa.

When all the points on a scatterplot lie on a


straight line, you have what is called a
perfect correlation between the two
variables.
SCATTER PLOT
Scatter plots, or also known as scatter graph, display data sets and provide a visual
representation of the relationship between variables. In a scatterplot, each point
represents a paired measurement of two variables for a specific subject, and each
subject is represented by one point on the scatterplot.

Examples:
1.Suppose a ten-item test in English and a ten- The graph below indicates an indirect
item test in Mathematics were administered to ten correlation between variables x and y
students. The scores of the students are tabulated which appears to be increasing.
below. It must be determined if the scores in the
Mathematics quiz and the English test (labelled
variable y) are correlated or not.

2.Suppose the scores of the students The graph below indicates a direct
in those two subjects happen to be as correlation between variable x and y
follows: which appears to be increasing.
3. Suppose the same students have the The scatter graph is neither increasing or
following: decreasing, hence the example has zero
correlation.

The graph below indicates a direct correlation


between variable x and y which appears to be
4. increasing.

Curvilinear Realtionship – nonlinear relationship

Example:

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