(MS) Revision Test 1
(MS) Revision Test 1
b i
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
ii 132
c i R = 27 = 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
r = 108 = 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
ii M = 22 = 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
m = 88 = 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
6 a 44801 = A F 0 1
b 1010 1111 0000 0001
7 Three from:
• memory dumps
• error codes
• MAC addresses
• IP addresses
• HTML colour codes
8
9 a i Number X D OUTPUT
92 1
64
28 1
32
−4 0
28
16
12 1
4 1
0 1
−2 0
−1 0
0 end
ii Number X D OUTPUT
73 73 128
−55 0
73
64
9 1
32
−23 0
16
−7 0
1 1
−3 0
−1 0
0 1
0 end
b The flowchart is converting denary (base 10) numbers into 8-bit binary (base 2) numbers.
10 a i 94
ii 61
b i 10011011
ii 155
This is equal to 94 + 61 in denary.
20 a B
b D
c A
d D
e B
21 a It is a form of lossless file compression:
• It reduces the size of a string of adjacent, identical data.
• A repeated string is encoded into two values:
• The first value represents the number of identical data items.
• The second value represents the code of the data item.
• RLE is only effective where there is a long run of repeated units.
b i 3W 2D 5W 4D 3W 1D 1W 2D 1W 1D 1W 16D 1W 1D 1W 2D 1W 1D 3W 4D 5W
2D 3W
ii 8 × 8 grid requires 64 bytes of storage
46 bytes are used in the RLE code
reduction = 64 − 46 = 18 bytes
22 a i the number of bits used to represent sound amplitude
ii the number of sound samples taken per second
b i 4 bits (15 = 1111)
ii 10 Hz (i.e. 10 samples per second)
iii point 9: (14) = 1 1 1 0
point 18: (11) = 1 0 1 1
c Benefits:
• larger dynamic range
• better/more faithful sound quality
• less sound distortion
Drawbacks:
• produces larger files
• takes longer to transmit/download music files
• requires greater processing power
23 For example:
986 → 3 D A
• Keep dividing by 16 until the value 0 is reached.
• Keep track of remainders following each division.
• The hexadecimal number is obtained from the reminders reading from bottom to top.
• It is necessary to convert remainders that are greater than 9 into the hex characters A, B, C,
D, E or F.
24 a binary digit
b • (computer) circuits are made up of switches/transistors …
• … which can be ON (1) or OFF (0)
c • hex is a more human-friendly representation of binary values …
• … since it uses only 2 digits to represent an 8-bit binary number (greater
information density)
• it is easy to interconvert between hex and binary …
• … which makes it easier when writing software or diagnosing errors in software
2 Data transmission
1 a A data packet is when message/data is split up into smaller groups of bytes:
• for transmission over a network
• containing a header, payload and a trailer
b In any order:
• IP address of the sender
• IP address of the recipient
• the sequence number of the data packet
• the size of the packet (in bytes)
c • The payload contains the actual data being sent in the packet.
• The trailer is a way of identifying the end of a packet and it also contains an error-
checking method, such as a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).