CBSE 12th Physics 2024-2025

Chapter - 4. Electromagnetic Induction And Alternating Current

(ac)
Competency-Based Questions
Q.1 A current‐
carrying coil C1 is paired with another coil. An emf ε is induced in coil C2 when the curren
t through C1 drops to zero from a non‐zero value within 1 s.

If the coil C1 is paired with C3, an emf 0.7ε is induced in it, for the same rate of drop in th
e current through C1 as earlier.

What is the ratio of mutual inductance M12 (for the pair of coils C1 and C2) to that of mut
ual inductance M13 (for the pair of coils C1 and C3)?

A. 0.7
B. 1
C. 1.42
D. 7

Answer. C. 1.42

Q.2 Coil C carries a steady current. A second coil is placed in close proximity to coil C in d
ifferent configurations as shown.
Which of the following options represents the correct order of the mutual inducta
nce values for the pair of coils in given configurations?

A. (i) > (iii) > (iv) > (ii)

B. (iv) > (iii) > (i) > (ii)
C. (ii) > (iv) > (iii) > (i)
D. (iii) > (i) > (ii) > (iv)

Answer. A. (i) > (iii) > (iv) > (ii)

Q.3 A long solenoid S has length l1, area of cross‐

section A and number of turns N1. A coil C of shorter length l2, number of turns N2 but sa
me area of cross‐
section is wound over solenoid S. If a current I flows through the coil C, then which of th
e following represents the flux linked with the solenoid S?

Answer.

Q.4 There is a pair of concentric and coplanar conducting loops of radii R1 and R2
such that R2 = 0.01 R1.

To which of the following is the mutual inductance M for this pair directly proport
ional?

A. 1/R1 2
B. R1 2
C. 1/R1
D. R1

Answer. D. R1

Q.5 A small conducting metal ring falls vertically down with its plane parallel to y‐
z plane. During the fall, the ring crosses a small region of the uniform magnetic field dir
ected along the x‐axis between the times t=0 and t = τ seconds.
Which of the following graphs represent the variation of current induced in the ring duri
ng the fall?

Answer.
Q.6 A square loop of a single turn is placed with its plane perpendicular to a uniform ma
gnetic field. The magnetic flux through the square loop is 0.002 Wb.

The square loop is now reshaped into a circular loop. What is the flux (in Wb) through th
e circular loop?

A. π/4
B. 0.002
C. 0.008/π
D. 0.0005π

Answer. C. 0.008/π

Q.7 If Pav represents average power dissipated and iav is the average current throu
gh a resistor over one cycle of the input sinusoidal voltage, which of the
following statements is correct for an ac circuit with resistor only?
A. Pav = 0 & iav > 0
B. Pav > 0 & iav = 0
C. Pav > 0 & iav > 0
D. Pav = 0 & iav = 0

Answer. B. Pav > 0 & iav = 0

Q.8 An LCR series circuit is connected to an ac supply of ω = 100 rad/s. Given the values
as R = 100‐ohm, L = 500 mH, C = 5 μF, study the following statements carefully.

I. The given circuit (LCR) is dominantly capacitive

II. The instantaneous current in the circuit leads Vmax.
III. If w greater than 200√10 rad/s, the circuit becomes dominantly inductive
IV.
The LCR circuit can be made capacitive or inductive by simply changing the angular freq
uency of the input ac supply, keeping the voltage Vmax constant. Identify the correct opt
ion.

A. Only statement IV is correct

B. Only statements I and II are correct
C. Only statements I and III are correct
D. All statements are correct
Answer. D. All statements are correct

Q.9 A 5‐
ohm resistor, a 5 mH inductor and a 5 μF capacitor, joined in series resonate with an ac
source of frequency ωo. If only the resistance is changed to 10 ohm, the circuit resonate
s at a frequency ω1. If only the inductor is changed to 20 mH, the circuit resonates at a fr
equency ω2. Find the ratio ω1/ω2.

A. 0.5
B. 1
C. 2
D. 4

Answer. C. 2

Q.10 Sam wants to generate 10 mV of EMF by moving a wire at 5m/s through a steady m
agnetic field region of 0.06 T.

a.
What should be the angle between the magnetic field and direction of motion so that th
e wire can be of the shortest length?

b. What should this shortest length of the wire be?

Answer. a.
The wire can be of the shortest length if it is moved perpendicular to the magnetic fi
eld

[0.5 mark for the correct identification of the angle]

b. EMF = Blv

l = EMF / Bv

= 10 x 10‐3 / 0 x 5

= 1/30 m

= 3.3 cm

[0.5 mark for the correct calculation of the length]

Q.
11 The Earth’s magnetic field in the northern hemisphere has a downward compon
ent that can be assumed to be uniform. Consider an airplane flying through this m
agnetic field from India towards Russia in the north. A motional emf develops across the
tips of its two wings.

(a) Identify the polarities developed on the left‐wing and the right‐
wing. Explain the answer.

(b) An insulated wire along with a light bulb connects the tips of the right and the left‐
wing of the airplane. Will the bulb glow due to the induced emf? Explain the answer.

Answer. (a) As the plane flies northwards, the right‐

hand rule indicates that the positive charge experiences a force directed toward the wes
t.

Thus, the left wingtip becomes positively charged and the right wingtip negatively char
ged.

[1 mark for the correct identification of the polarities]

(b) The light bulb will not glow.

The wings with the connecting insulated wire and the bulb constitute a single‐ loop circu
it.

As the plane flies through a uniform Earth’s magnetic field, the magnetic flux through thi
s loop is constant and net emf generated is zero.

[0.5 mark for the correct conclusion] [0.5 mark for the correct reason]

Q.12 The ratio of the turns in the primary and the secondary coil in a given transf
ormer is 1:10. If the load resistor draws a current of 1.2 A from the secondary co
il, determine the current in the primary coil, assuming that the transformer has an
efficiency of only 90%.

Answer. Efficiency = Output power / Input power

0.90 = (Vs Is)/(IpVp )

[1 mark for correct formulation]

Ip = 100 Vs Is /90.Vp

Substituting and solving,

Ip = 13.3 A

[1 mark for correct substitution and calculation]

Q.13 A given ac power supply has a voltage rating of 80 V. An LCR series circuit draws a c
urrent of 5A when connected to this ac power supply. Determine the range of values of t
he average power that can be delivered by the ac power source to the circuit.

Answer. Average power drawn by LCR circuit = Pav = Vrms. Irms. cosΦ = 80 x 5 cosΦ = 4
00 cosΦ

[1 mark for correct representation of Pav]

In a series LCR circuit:

The maximum value of the power factor, cosΦ is 1, in the case of resonance wherein
Φ is 0.

The minimum value of the power factor, cosΦ approaches 0 as the value of Φ approach
es either ‐90 or 90 depending upon whether the circuit is inductive or capacitive.

[0.5 mark for the correct reasoning of variation of the value of power factor in an LCR cir
cuit]

Pav values range between 0 and 400. 0 ≤ Pav ≤ 400

[0.5 mark for determination of the correct range of values]

Q.14 The household power supply is at 200 V and 60 Hz. Find the time required for: a.
the value of current to change from 0 to its rms value b.
the value of voltage to change from its rms value to 0.

Answer. a. Current i = io sin2πνt

At t = 0, i = 0

At time = t, i = irms = io/√2

io/√2 = io sin2πνt
π/4 = 2πνt

Solving for t,

t = 1/480 = 2 x 10‐3 s

[0.5 mark for correct formula and 0.5 mark for correct result]

b. Time taken by current to change from 0 to rms value

= Time taken by the voltage to change from 0 to rms value

= Time taken by voltage to change from rms value to 0.

So t = 2 x 10‐3 s as above.

[0.5 mark for correct reasoning & 0.5 mark for correct final result]

Q.15 An alternating current is sent through a 100 km long telephone wire of capa
citance 0.01 μF/km at a frequency of 8 kHz. Find out what value of an inductor t
hat must be connected in series to this wire, so that the current through the wire i
s maximum.

Answer. In an LC circuit, the current is maximum when impedance Z is minimum, that is,
XL= XC

[0.5 mark for correct identification of a condition of resonance]

ωL = 1/Cω

L = 1/Cω2

Here C = 100 x 0.01 x 10‐6 F = 10‐6 F

ω = 2π x 8000 rad/s

L = 1/[10‐6 x (2π x 8000)2 ]

Solving,

L = 125/32π2 mH

[0.5 mark for correct value substitution]

[1 mark for correct calculation]