10 points HW assignment 6 Chem 1211 Dr.

Stroeva

✓ Complete assignment in pen or pencil in clear, neat, readable manner.

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✓ Submit via iCollege before 11/07 at 11:59 PM.
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Module 3: Covered concepts 3.6-3.8

Part 1. Covalent Bonding (Video presentations and PPt unit 9 parts 9.4-9.5 )
By completion of this assignment, you will be able:
• Define Covalent bonding vs. Ionic bonding.
• Know and understand lone pairs and bonding pairs.
• Know and understand Bonding pairs vs. bonding groups.
• Know and understand Bond polarity.
• Know and understand dipole moment and bond polarity.

The sharing of valence electrons is called covalent bonding or __________ ____________.

Electrons that are not shared by atoms but belong to a ___________ atom are called _______ pairs.

Designate all lone pairs and all bonding pairs for sulfur
dioxide.

Single bonding is when ____________ electron pair is shared.

Double bonding is when ____________ electron pairs are shared.

Triple bonding is when ____________ electron pairs are shared.

Single bonding is _______ bonding group. Double bonding is _______ bonding group. Triple
bonding is _______ bonding group.

The single bond is the longest and __________. The triple bond is the shortest and ___________.

The result of unequal sharing of electrons in between two atoms is a _________covalent bond.

The larger the difference in electronegativity, the _________ ____________ bond.

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10 points HW assignment 6 Chem 1211 Dr.Stroeva

Dipole moment, μ, is a measure of bond _____________. The end with the larger electron density
gets a partial ____________ charge. The end that is electron deficient gets a partial _____________
charge.

➢ Complete the table below:

Note! The only pure covalent bond does not have clearly separated partial charges. Non-polar and polar covalent
bonds have partial charges on bonded atoms.

Bond Polarity Partial charge on the atom

H-N N
N-O O
O-H H
C-H H
H-F H
S-O S
C-O C
H-S S
O-F O
B-C C

Part 2. Covalent Compounds. Lewis Dot Structures. Formal Charge (Video presentations
and PPt unit 9 parts 9.6-9.7 )
By completion of this assignment, you will be able:
Know and understand the general approach in creating Lewis’s Dot structures.
Be able to find formal charge and prove correct Lewis’s dot structures.
Exceptions in octet rule

The algorithm in creating a Lewis’s dot structure:

1. Count total amount of ____________ ____________ of all atoms in the molecule (compound).
2. Choose ________ _____________. The central atom is the atom of an element with the
_____________electronegativity. Exception: ________ atom cannot be the central atom because
it needs only 2 electrons for the completed electron configuration.
3. Put ____________ atoms around the central atom and connect them to the central atom with
_______________ of electrons.
4. Add electrons to atoms of the most ________________ elements in order to satisfy the
_______________rule.
5. Add remaining electrons to the _____________ atom.

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 10 points HW assignment 6 Chem 1211 Dr.Stroeva

➢ Complete the table below:

compound central Number Lewis dot structure # of non- # of bonding

atom of bonding groups
valence electron attached to
electrons pairs on a the central
central atom atom

CO2

SO2

H2O

NCl3

CCl4

BrCl3

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10 points HW assignment 6 Chem 1211 Dr.Stroeva

PCl5

SF6

The formal charge is to prove the structure. The most stable/correct structure has formal charges
equal 0 on each of the atom in the structure.
The sum of all the formal charges in a molecule = _______
The sum of all the formal charges in the ion = the total _________of ion.

compound Lewis dot structure Formal charges (Fch)

CO

CH3+

CH3-

SO2

NH3

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10 points HW assignment 6 Chem 1211 Dr.Stroeva

CO32-

SO42-

NH4+

PO43-

Part 3. Resonance Structures (Video presentations and PPt unit 9 parts 9.8 )
By completion of this assignment, you will be able:
• Know and understand the resonance structures.
➢ Draw the resonance structures and resonance hybrid. Determine Fromal charges to prove
the most stable formula:

NO3-

CO32-

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10 points HW assignment 6 Chem 1211 Dr.Stroeva

SO42-

PO43-
Part 4. VSEPR. (Video presentations and PPt unit 10 for HW6 )
By completion of this assignment, you will be able:
• Know and understand that VSEPR theory.
• Know that VSEPR predicts five basic shapes according to the number of electron groups surrounding a
central atom: linear (2), trigonal planar (3), tetrahedral (4), trigonal bipyramidal (5), and octahedral (6).
• Know the bond angles for each basic shape.
• Understand the difference between electron geometry and molecular geometry.
• Know and understand the effect of lone pair electrons on molecular geometry with respect to shape, bond
angle, and molecular polarity.
• Be able to recognize molecules in their correct shapes based on their number of electron groups.
• Be able to predict and draw molecular geometries.
• Be able to predict bond angle in polyatomic molecules.

Electron groups around the central atom will be most stable when they are as _________
_________ as possible – we call this valence shell electron pair repulsion theory.
Electron geometry is a geometry of _________ pairs and ________ pairs together.

Molecular geometry is a geometry of ____________ pairs only. Lone pairs affect the molecular
geometry: they occupy space on the central atom but are not “seen” as points on the molecular
geometry.

SN = BG + LP

Complete the table below:

Molecular Lewis dot Central Bonding Lone Steric Electron Molecular Bond
formula structure Atom Groups Pairs LP Number Shape Shape Angle
BG SN

CO2

BCl3

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10 points HW assignment 6 Chem 1211 Dr.Stroeva

SO2

CCl4

NCl3

H2S

PBr5

SF4

BrF3

KrF2

SF6

BrCl5

KrF4

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10 points HW assignment 6 Chem 1211 Dr.Stroeva

Part 5. Valence orbitals theory. Hybridization.(Video presentations and PPt unit 10 for HW6 )
By completion of this assignment, you will be able:

• Define and understand hybridization and the role of atomic orbitals.

• Know and understand the common types of hybridization: sp3, sp2, and sp.
• Know the hybridizations for expanded octets: sp3d and sp3d2.
• Be able to recognize hybridization of atom in polyatomic molecules.

Mixing of the native atomic orbitals with different but close levels of energy and different shapes
to form special orbitals for bonding with the same shape and energy level is known as
________________

Type of Type and number of Type and number of Angle between hybridized
hybridization orbitals in hybridization orbitals after orbitals
of carbon hybridization
atom

sp3

sp2

sp

Draw Sigma (σ) Bond:

Draw Pi (π) Bond:

➢ How many sigma- and pi-bonds in the following compound?

Label each bond on the structure with σ and π (if any)

symbols.

type number

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 10 points HW assignment 6 Chem 1211 Dr.Stroeva

The type of hybridization is directly related to the total number of B.G. and L.P. together.

B.G. + L.P.=SN 2 3 4 5 6
Type of hybridization sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2

➢ Complete the table below:

molecule Central atom Number of lone Number of SN Type of hybridization of valence

pairs bonding groups orbitals on the central atom

CO2

SO2

H2O

CH4

CO32-

NCl3

IO3F2-

SF6

ClF3

XeF4

• Determine hybridization of each atom in the molecule except of hydrogen atoms.

• Depict the values of designated bond angles.