Who, Whom & Whose

Relative Pronoun
To understand how to use 'who', 'whom' and 'whose' you firstly have to understand the
difference between subjects, objects and possessives.

The subject does the action:

● He likes football.
● She goes to university.
● They enjoy travelling.

The object receives the action:

● The employees respect him.

● I know her.
● The sailors waved to us.

Possessives tell us the person something belongs to:

● His car is new.

● I like his latest novel.
● We returned to our hotel.

WHO

Who is a subject pronoun (pronoun of subject), such as: 'he', 'she' and 'they'.

We use 'who' to ask which person did an action or which person is in a certain state.

1. Who wrote that letter?

2. Who is the manager?
3. Who is going to prepare dinner?
4. Who would like to go on vacation?
5. Who made these awesome drawing?
6. The person who answered the phone was very helpful.
7. Who ate all the chocolates?
8. The man who is screaming to you right now is my uncle.
9. The man yelling at you is a man who is out of his mind.
10. My mom invites the ladies who are members of social organization.
11. I didn't know who entered my room.

Who as relative pronoun.

For examples:
a. A man is screaming at you right now
b. The man is my uncle

If the two sentences above is combined into one sentence, the role of “who” to be a relative
pronoun.
⮚ The man who is screaming at you right now is my uncle.
 ⮚ Passive: you are being screamed by a man who is my uncle.

a. A man is yelling at you

b. The man is out of his mind.
⮚ The man yelling at you is a man who is out of his mind.
⮚ Passive: you are being yelled by a man who is out of his mind.

a. The ladies are members of social organization

b. My mom invites the ladies.
⮚ My mom invites the ladies who are members of social organization.
⮚ Passive: the ladies are invited by my mom who are the member of social
organization.

WHOM

Whom > is an object pronoun like him, her, me, us, them. We use ‘whom’ to ask which
person received an action and used for formal English. It is used as the object of a verb or
preposition.
Whom > takes the place to the object of the sentence. The object is the person, place, or
thing that something is being subjected to the action.

For examples:
1. Whom are you going to ask for shopping in mall?
2. Whom did they choose as team captain?
3. Among the students are getting punishment, both of whom reside in dormitory.
4. Whom did he pen a letter?
5. Whom does the job to do?
6. Whom do you think we should support in upcoming the leader of student council
ellection?
7. The boy whom you helped yesterday is my cousin.
8. He saw the faces of those whom he loved at his birthday celebration.
9. A lady whom i saw at the bus station a few days ago was my ex-.
10. Whom was the letter addressed?
11. Here dwells an old man with whom I would like to converse.
12. The man whom you met on Saturday is coming to dinner.
13. I do not know with whom I will go to the prom. (stand for “promontory)
14. Whom should I talk to about labeling food in the refrigerator?
15. He said, "They are mine, they are personal and I am going to decide with whom to
share them."

WHOSE

Is a possessive pronoun consist of her, his, our, my, their. We use whose to find out which
person something belongs to.

For examples:
1) Whose phone is this?
2) Whose is this umbrella?
3) Whose car is blocking the entrance of parking yard?
4) So whose books are they?
5) Whose child is it? They asked him.
6) The man whose daughter won the tournament is a tennis coach.
 7) He would understand on whose side justice lies.
8) Tell him whose cookies you'll make first, sis," Nieky said testily.
9) She meant what she said; she had no friends, but before long, she came to know
someone whose family had a small hut near the coast.
10) Two years ago there lived in dorm of MBS7 a girl whose name was Camelia.
11) The educated person is the person whose expression is educated.
12) She looked up at Syahwa, whose features were grim. (muram)
13) The students agreed; for they were anxious to hear the musician whose songs were
famous all over the world.
14) I buy some eggs from a grazier whose chickens roam free.
15) They learned English with a grumpy person whose name was Basuton.
16) I asked her whose subject she was, and she jabbered in her own way.
17) He didn't know whose it was; it belonged to pondok.

Please, complete the following sentences by using the correct word:

1. __ directed this film?

2. __ will she ask to the mall?
3. __ car is parked before the entrance?
4. From __ did you get the information?
5. We’re driving to the city, __ wants to come with us?
6. I have no idea __ said that about you to me?
7. Do you know __ wife that is?
8. I would love to meet the author __ wrote this book
9. __ were you referring to in your e-mail?
10. I would like to know __ made the tasty rawon.
11. I am going to check __ clothes are used by him.

THAT - WHICH - WHERE.

Relative Pronouns and Adverbs.

THAT
We use that for both a person and a thing/idea.
It should be noted, however, that who is preferred when referring to a particular person.
When that is used it usually refers to classes or types of people.
● This is the style that I want to use.
● The car that belongs to the company is the red one over there.
● He is the kind of person that/who can be trusted.
● I want to speak to the person who (not that) called me this morning.
● The person who (not that) borrowed the dictionary should return it as soon as
possible.
● That's the hotel that we stayed in last year.

WHICH
We use which to refer to a thing or an idea, and to ask about choices. Examples:
● My car, which is 20 years old, isn't worth much.
● Which size would you like, small, medium or large?
● That's the hotel in which we stayed last year

It should be noted, however, that /who is preferred when referring to a particular

person.

WHERE
Where (relative adverb) refers to places and locations.
- Where is the station please?
- That's where I spent my childhood.

OMITTING RELATIVE PRONOUNS

When can we leave out relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that)?
In conversational English relative pronouns can be omitted when they are the object of a
relative clause. In a formal context it is usually wiser to leave the relative pronoun.
Example:
Tommy drives a red truck.
→ The person who drives a red truck is called Tommy.
In this sentence 'who' refers to the subject so it cannot be omitted.
→ The truck (that) Tom drives is red.
In this sentence 'that' refers to the object (the truck) so it can be omitted.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS
And
RELATIVE CLAUSES

A relative pronoun is used to introduce a relative clause.

A relative clause is a description for a noun.
The description comes after the noun to identify it or give more information.

A defining relative clause identifies a noun. It provides information necessary for

identification.
(These clauses are also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses)
Defining relative clauses are not put in commas.

The woman who is speaking is a friend of mine.

The clause "who is speaking" clarifies which woman you are referring to.
It is a defining relative clause.

A non-defining relative clause adds information which is not essential for identification
purposes.
(These clauses are also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-restrictive relative
clauses.)
Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas.

Ms. Fitri, who is a friend of mine, is speaking about sustainable resources.

The clause "who is a friend of mine" adds non-essential information.

It is a non-defining relative clause.

N.B. 'That' cannot replace 'who' to introduce a non-defining relative clause.

You cannot say:
Ms. Deva, that is a friend of mine, is speaking about sustainable resources.

WHOM, for examples:

1) Here in dwells an old man with whom I would like to converse.
2) Really. By whom - and why?
3) She was surprised to see three people within, none of whom looked like they fit
in the refined, elegant spaces of the parlor.
4) Whom are they firing at?
5) He saw the kind faces of those whom he loved.
6) He was peppered with questions from the rescuers, many of whom he
recognized, but he held responses to a negative shake of his head and Billy
Langstrom's name.
7) The famous men of whom I have told you in this story are commonly called the
Seven Wise Men of Greece.
8) It is the work of a brave man surely, in whom there was no guile!
9) He said, "They are mine, they are personal and I will choose with whom to
share them."
10) What are we scared at and of whom are we afraid?
11) He whirled to face the man of whom he thought.
12) Dean felt equally acrimonious toward the overbearing state official whom he
hadn't seen since the winter and who, in Dean's mind, had no business being
back in Ouray.
13) Fear fluttered through her, and her gaze flew to Kris, whom she trusted little
more than his sadistic brother.
14) I ran it by Quinn and Martha, both of whom kicked the decision back to me.
15) "From whom did you get this?" she asked.
16) The adobe structure was guarded by several more Guardians, none
of whom looked like Damian from the distance.
17) "My two trusted advisors, neither of whom trusts the other," Memon said,
entertained.
18) "Then to whom shall we take it?" asked the messengers.
19) Pierre, not knowing whom to answer, looked at them all and smiled.
20) Whom have you come from?
21) I was still skating with Brennan and never came out and said Howie, whom I
referred to by name, was the tipster.
22) This charcoal man, whom I know very well, ran past me with a child in his
arms.
23) The people whom they met gazed at them and wondered who they could be.
24) Her actions toward Julie, her mother and to Betsy with whom she shares a
special relationship are markedly different.
25) However, practically speaking, it sometimes has a corrupting influence on
those whom it empowers to act for the state.
26) When Pierre saw the Emperor he was coming out accompanied by two
merchants, one of whom Pierre knew, a fat otkupshchik.
27) To whom should I confess my blunder?
28) An old peasant whom Prince Andrew in his childhood had often seen at the
gate was sitting on a green garden seat, plaiting a bast shoe.
29) Me whom everyone is so fond of?
30) She felt agitated and tormented, and the cause of this was Kuragin whom she
could not help watching.
31) One real runaway slave, among the rest, whom I helped to forward toward the
north star.
32) Pierre was staying at Prince Vasili Kuragin's and sharing the dissipated life of
his son Anatole, the son whom they were planning to reform by marrying him to
Prince Andrew's sister.
33) Who is that intemperate and brutal man whom we would redeem?
34) With whom am I speaking?
35) The soldier to whom the laughers referred was Dolokhov.
36) Rostov, in dismay, began justifying himself, but seeing the kindly, jocular face of
the general, he took him aside and in an excited voice told him the whole affair,
asking him to intercede for Denisov, whom the general knew.
37) And the point is that we knew whom he had it from.
38) Understanding at once to whom she alluded, Prince Vasili said in a whisper:
39) Why was Napoleon III a criminal when he was taken prisoner at Boulogne, and
why, later on, were those criminals whom he arrested?
40) But I'm afraid you cannot rule the Emerald City, as you used to, because we
now have a beautiful Princess whom everyone loves dearly.
41) I don't care to whom you've betrayed me.
42) "How was it a gun was abandoned?" asked Bagration, frowning, not so much at
the captain as at those who were laughing, among whom Zherkov laughed
loudest.
43) Turning to his adjutant he ordered him to bring down the two battalions of the
Sixth Chasseurs whom they had just passed.
44) From whom did you get the proclamation?' 'I wrote it myself.'
45) I should not talk so much about myself if there were anybody else whom I knew
as well.
46) If anyone whom she is touching laughs at a joke, she laughs, too, just as if she
had heard it.
47) I admit I was sulking, not sure who was annoyed with whom; tiring of surely
looks.
48) But to whom should I say that?
49) During World War II, when General Patton got sacked for slapping a
soldier whom he regarded as cowardly, the Germans couldn't believe it: Their
officers could have soldiers shot without trial!
50) After Abu Nada, the others whom He knew came up to him, and he had not
time to reply to all the questions about the book that were showered upon him,
or to listen to all that was told him.
51) First, it will consider all your friends, people with whom you have actual intimate
relationships, and it will look at where they go for Javaness food.
52) I am not one of those on whom fortune deigns to smile.