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in

Adaptability: Study: ISRO India Shines at AI agents: The

The Essential Finds Himalayan Weightlifting next step in
Skill of the Glacial Lakes Championships the evolution
21st Century 07 Are Expanding 10 in Peru 13 of AI is here 16

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essential for
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ordinary.”
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A newspaper especially crafted for school going children

News, Hobbies, Education, Entertainment, Exposure, Personality Development, Competitions

The people have given their mandate:

Sh. Narendra Modi returns with a coalition government
• All the alliance parties come together to share the see a party give its best when it comes to the development
responsibility of running the government. This way, of the nation.
decision making can be more balanced, as no single party • Being overconfident about winning the people’s votes
has full control. can hamper the growth of the country. Some political
• Having a coalition government means multiple experts say that the reason BJP was not able to win
political parties coming together with a common goal. the absolute majority was due to overconfidence.
Politicians with different views work together for the They thought they would be able to achieve 400+
betterment of all. seats just as they had won 300+ seats in the 2019 Lok
• Lastly, when there are so many parties working together, Sabha elections.
it becomes harder for one party to misuse power. • At the same time, the opposition parties were more
persistent. They formed their own alliance — the
But coalition governments also Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
have their disadvantages (I.N.D.I.A.) — reached out to the people, asked about
When a coalition government is formed and the parties their problems and promised to solve them. Many
Class VI+ have different ideas and thoughts, it can lead to arguments experts believe that opposition parties are slowly
Democracy
between the politicians. This can slow down the decision- gaining the trust of the people, as they are constantly
n June 4, 2024, everyone was surprised as the making process. trying their best.
O general election 2024 results were announced.
Many people expected that the National
Also, in a coalition, one political party or leader might try
to gain more control and make more decisions. This can
Election results in large democratic countries like India
have always surprised people and political parties. News
Democratic Alliance (NDA), the Indian political party create cracks in the alliance. channels, opinion polls and exit polls may say one thing,
alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), would but the reality might be something completely different!
Government Opposition
enjoy a massive win, with more than 400 seats in the Lok Indian National Developmental
National Democratic Alliance Inclusive Alliance
Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India).
(NDA): 293 (I.N.D.I.A.): 232
However, the reality was very different from the
predictions. You see, to form a government, one political
party must win an absolute majority — they have to win
more than 50% of the total number of seats. This means Bharatiya

that a party must win at least 273 of the 545 seats in the Janata
Party
Telugu Janata
Indian
National

Lok Sabha. Desam Dal Samajwadi

Congress
240

Party (United) Party

99

The results came out, and the BJP won 240 seats, falling All India
37

Trinamool
Dravida Congress

32 seats short of the magic number – 273. However, since

Munnetra
Others
16

29
12

Kazhagam

25
22

the BJP is part of the NDA, the combined strength of all Others

NDA partners totalled 293 seats, comfortably placing them 45

above the majority mark. As a result, the BJP decided to
form a ‘coalition government’ with its NDA allies. Power Words
Lastly, a coalition government can become unstable. If
So, what is a coalition government? A group of countries, political parties
one major political party leaves and the coalition loses Alliance (n.)
or people who work together.
Sometimes, during elections, no single political party majority, there will have to be a new election. This will only
wins the majority seats in parliament. When this happens, lead to more political issues in the country. A temporary alliance between
different parties with similar views and thoughts come Coalition (n.) political parties to form a
together to form an alliance, otherwise known as a Elections: A reflection of the government.
coalition government. This makes it easier to elect a leader supreme power of the people
A system of government in which
and form a government. The elected leader then becomes At the end of the day, when it comes to a democratic Democracy (n.) the people have the power to choose
the prime minister. country like India, the citizens play the most important part. As their leader.
In simple words, a coalition government is made up of voters, they have the ultimate power to choose who will win.
different political parties from around the country. Sounds They have the power to vote for the political leader that they Mandate (n.) An official command or a go-ahead.
like true democracy, right? want, and all the different parties have to respect that decision. Persistent (adj.) Something that is continuous.
The support of the people is the ultimate thing that can An action or event that someone
So, what are the benefits of help a political party win. Prediction (n.)
having a coalition government? thinks will happen in the future.
If no single party wins with the majority seats and no How the 2024 Lok Sabha elections
party is able to form the government, it can cause was a game changer To subscribe StudentEdge call :
instability and chaos in the country. This is where forming In a democracy, the people favour the party or leader who 9513309917, 7042833117 or Visit
an alliance helps. listens to them and works for their progress. Citizens want to www.studentedge.in
Books and Movies StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 02
Kitaab
Hindi
Age: 6+
Topi Rockets from Thumba
Available on YouTube ndia’s Chandrayaan-3 landed on the

itaab” is a touching
English I Age: 8+
Author: Menaka Raman
I Moon on 23 Aug., 2024. However,
India’s journey to space truly began on 21
“K 1977 Hindi film
directed by the
Available on www.amazon.in Nov., 1963, in a small village in Kerala named
Thumba. The book “Topi Rockets from Thumba:
famous poet, lyricist and The Story behind India’s First Ever Rocket Launch”
filmmaker Gulzar. tells the exciting and true story of how a group of
The film tells the story of dedicated Indian scientists overcame challenges
a young boy named Babla to launch the country’s first rocket from Thumba.
who moves to the city to live The book shares fun and interesting stories about
with his sister and attend their challenges and successes.
school. Babla and his friend Pappu have a lot of fun exploring the city until he In the 1960s, India had limited funds for science
gets scolded for not taking his studies seriously. He also learns that adults do and research. So, the scientists back then had to
not always understand children’s feelings. Things take a serious turn when work hard, be creative and never give up. This
Babla runs away on a train to go back to his mother in the village. However, shows how big dreams can come true with
along the way, he learns a big lesson about how life is not always easy, determination and teamwork. This book is easy to
especially for the poor. Babla then decides to return to school with the understand and makes learning about rockets and
promise to study hard and behave well. One may have to watch the film to space exploration enjoyable. It not only
see what changed his mind. explains the technical aspects of space
The film teaches us about friendship, family and the value of understanding research but also gives us a glimpse into
others. It is a moving story with a valuable lesson for all children. India’s cultural and social context during the
1960s. It is also a great read for children
curious about space, science and history.
Worksheet : BM158 Thus, this book can inspire them to believe that
Reflect on how “Kitaab” has impacted your thoughts on education anything is possible with effort and teamwork.
and societal expectations. Has the movie influenced your views in
any way? Explain how.
Worksheet : BM160
Why is teamwork important in achieving big goals?

Back to the Future

English
Age: 10+
Available on Amazon Prime Video How Pintu Found Pi
ack to the Future” is a ow Pintu Found Pi” is a book that
“B science-fiction film about a
teenager named Marty
English, Hindi, Marathi,
Kannada, Tamil, etc.
Age: 7+ I Author: Sarat Talluri Rao
“H presents the mathematical concept of
Pi to young readers in a simple and
McFly who accidentally travels back Available at: https://storyweaver.org.in relatable manner.
in time from 1985 to 1955. The time The book tells the story of a boy named Pintu
machine is built out of a car called a who feels lonely at his new school. He often feels
DeLorean by his quirky scientist left out despite his efforts to make friends. One
friend Doc Brown. When Marty ends day, he meets the senior maths teacher, Mr.
up in 1955, he meets his teenage Ahmed. Mr. Ahmed teaches Pintu how to draw
parents and realises he has to make circles using a compass. Through him, Pintu learns
sure they fall in love or he might about the parts of a circle — the radius,
never be born. He also has to figure circumference and diameter — and the special
out how to get back to his own time number pi (π). He finds that pi is present in every
with the help of a younger Doc circle and has the same value no matter the size of
Brown. The film is full of exciting the circle. This shows him that everyone and
twists and turns as Marty tries to fix everything has a unique value, including himself.
things in the past without messing up The book beautifully combines the concept of
the future. The gadgets such as the DeLorean time machine are flashy and pi with Pintu’s journey of making friends. It
cool, and Doc Brown’s wild inventions add to the fun. The characters are also teaches students about friendship, curiosity and
great: Marty is brave and likeable, while Doc Brown is funny and brilliant. The the endless possibilities within mathematics.
film also offers a lot of laughs, from Marty’s shocked reactions to the past to Thus, Pintu’s journey from loneliness to finding
Doc’s crazy experiments. Besides, it is interesting to see what life was like in his place in a new circle of friends is both
1955. The movie also features impressive sound effects, which is why it won inspiring and educational.
an Oscar for Best Sound Effects Editing. So, if you love adventure, humour
and cool gadgets, “Back to the Future” is the perfect film for you.
Worksheet : BM161
Suppose you have to give a new name to the mathematical concept ‘Pi.’ What would
Worksheet : BM159 it be and why?
If you could change the ending of “Back to the Future,” what would
happen? Write a few sentences describing your alternate ending.
Science 03 StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in

First-Ever: CRISPR Cures Blindness

Cas9 (say “cris-per cas-nine”) to carefully cut out the error
part of the CEP290 gene.
During the treatment, researchers gave each patient a
single injection to deliver the CRISPR-Cas9 medicine EDIT-
101 right where it was needed in one of their eyes through a
surgical procedure. This was a very special surgery, and it was
the first time ever that CRISPR was used to try and fix vision
in the eyes.
Senses

The Results
Class V+

Scientists tested people’s vision and found that almost

half of them, including two children, had better vision.
Doctors are hopeful that this treatment can help others with
ome people are born with a rare type of blindness. the same problem. It’s a big step forward in medical science
S It is called Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), a
form of inherited blindness. Before now, it was
The Breakthrough: Treating
LCA Patients
for genetic diseases.

almost impossible to treat this kind of blindness. But thanks Recently, researchers at the Children’s Hospital of Power Words
to a special gene editing tool, scientists in the USA have Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania treated LAC Amaurosis (n.) Partial or complete loss of vision
made it possible. blindness in 14 people, two of whom were children. This LAC
blindness is caused by an error in a gene called CEP290. This Congenital (adj.) A condition or trait present at birth
So, what is gene editing? gene is very important for the cells in our eyes, as it helps us
Our body is made up of tiny cells like skin cells, blood cells, see light and colour. Any changes in this gene code result in Disorder (n.) A problem or illness
bone cells, etc. Each cell has some even tinier substances vision loss during the first year of life. This treatment’s goal
Inherit (v.) To receive something from one’s parents
called genes. Genes carry information (codes) about our was to correct the faulty CEP290 gene and restore vision.
body, such as how we grow, our eye colour, hair colour, body So, the researchers used a gene-editing tool called CRISPR-
weight, and skin colour. Worksheet : SC089
However, sometimes, when a baby is developing in the
mother’s womb, some genes get damaged or changed due to German ophthalmologist (eye specialist) Theodor
some unknown issues. These disorders (genetic diseases) Leber first discovered LCA eye disease. Draw and label
are seen in the babies after they are born. These defective the parts of the eye that an ophthalmologist might
genes can also pass from parents to their children. Treating examine during an eye check-up. Use the following
such disorders needs gene-editing techniques. It is like using labels: Cornea, Iris, Pupil, Retina, and Optic Nerve.
a pair of tiny scissors to cut out the part of the gene that isn’t
working properly and replace it with a part that does.

Scientists Develop Goldene, carbon, leaving behind a super-thin sheet of gold, just like
they wanted.
So, by using this process, the scientists were able to get

A Metallic Cousin To Graphene

pure gold sheets from their “sandwich” material.
But why would scientists want
to make gold so thin?
Gold is also really good at conducting electricity. It’s used
in important things like connectors and circuit boards because
it doesn’t rust or break down over time. Goldene can reduce
the need for gold and thus reduce the price of electronic
gadgets. Also, goldene has special qualities that could help
capture carbon dioxide, generate hydrogen, and purify water.
The same process that makes goldene can also be used to
Materials

make thin sheets of other metals like iridium and platinum.

Class VI+

This means scientists can discover many new materials and

find new uses for them.
Power Words
old is a precious metal that has fascinated humans graphene. Graphene is also a single-atom-thick material made The smallest unit of substances around us,
G for hundreds of years. But scientists have now made
something even more extraordinary. They call it
of carbon atoms. Scientists named it goldene because it’s a
new form of gold, similar to graphene, which is a new form of
Atom (n.) such as gold, water, wood, iron, and
countless other materials
goldene, and it has some surprising qualities that could carbon. Scientists were inspired by graphene to create goldene. To slowly pass through a material with very
change how we use gold in the future. Percolate (v.)
How did scientists make Goldene? small holes
So, what is Goldene? Imagine a sandwich with three layers: bread, cheese, and
Goldene is a sheet of gold that is only one atom thick. bread. Now, let’s say you want to turn the cheese layer into Worksheet : SC090
Goldene is about 300,000 times thinner than human hair. So, gold.
it is almost invisible to the human eye. 1. Starting Material: The scientists started with a special Search five popular metals.
The name goldene is a combination of two words: gold and sandwich material that was made of titanium, silicon, and I V H V C M H J G D
carbon. Think of this as a sandwich with bread (titanium),
cheese (silicon), and bread (carbon). X R D L O I P R Z L
2. Adding Gold: They covered the sandwich with a thin layer F G O C P M P I R O
of gold. It’s like putting a thin layer of gold foil on top of
N K N N P O U E S G
your sandwich.
3. Heating It Up: When they heated the sandwich, the gold B H Q J E U V X U A
layer melted, and atoms percolated into the cheese K R K P R L K D Z O
(silicon) layer, displacing silicon atoms. In about 12 hours,
the cheese (silicon) layer was turned into the gold layer. P L A T I N U M N O
4. Getting the Gold Out: They only needed the gold layer. U A P S W I H I X C
They found an old trick used by Japanese knife makers.
This trick involved a special liquid that could dissolve the D W K H A C X V O S
bread (titanium and carbon) without affecting the gold. P O T I Q R H T H J
5. Result: The special liquid removed the titanium and
Geography StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 04
Water, Oxygen and Carbon Vanish
heat evaporated all the oceans on Venus; that’s how it lost all
its surface water.
However, they are still unsure how this vast amount of

from Venus: Should We Be Worried?

water vapour escaped Venus’s gravity. So many missions
have been sent to study Venus. India also plans to send a
spacecraft called Shukrayaan to study Venus by 2028.
The new study explains that Earth could take the same
road in the future – billions of years later. The temperatures
and greenhouse gases on our planet are rising. A time may
come when our oceans might evaporate due to the heat. So,
it is important to understand the solar system better to save
our mother Earth.

Power Words
Dense (adj.) Very close together, thick
The natural force that makes things fall
Gravity (n.)
on the surface when we release them
Class VI+
Greenhouse A situation in which some gases trap heat
Solar System Venus Atmosphere Molecules escaping Venus’ atmosphere effect (n.) and make the planet hotter
id you know that Venus once had oceans just like in the Sun’s habitable zone and is closest in size and mass to Vanish (v.) To disappear
D Earth? Venus and Earth have many
similarities, but one supports life while
Earth. In fact, Venus may have had life
billions of years ago. However, the
the other is barren. For this reason, Venus is often Sun’s heat and climate change slowly Worksheet : GR088
referred to as Earth’s “evil twin”. made it barren.
Find five hidden words in the puzzle.
But, with time, Venus lost all its water on the Venus is the second planet from the
surface. Latest reports say that oxygen and carbon Sun after Mercury. However, it is the G G D N Z U G D V L E
BepiColombo

are also vanishing from the upper layers of its hottest in the solar system. This is because it has
atmosphere. a dense atmosphere mainly composed of carbon dioxide. W R G N K Y G N P V F
The carbon dioxide traps heat due to the greenhouse effect; A E A W I W F N A J P
How did the researchers this makes the planet hotter. The mean temperature on
find this? Venus is around 464 °C. Scientists believe that this excessive O E T V J W A X E T Q
The BepiColombo spacecraft was flying past Venus on
C N G K I Z R Q T J Y
its way to Mercury. It is a joint mission of the European Space
Agency and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to A H S L R T O A J K M
Mercury. During its flyby, it studied the atmosphere of Venus
for about 90 minutes and detected the escaping oxygen and K O T P R K Y D L R U
carbon atoms. Scientists say that these atoms are carried R U G F C V I U T O F
away by solar winds (streams of charged particles from the
Sun) or centrifugal forces (outward forces generated by the P S Z H P H N A P A S
rotation of the planet.)
D E N S E M Q D Z Q D
Why is this new study important? L A G U F I R T N E C
Many scientists think that Venus was a lot like Earth. It is

World’s deepest wonder: Taam

Ja’ Blue Hole sets new record Power Words
A curved sea area
Bay (n.) surrounded by land on
three sides
A journey made with a
Expedition
particular purpose by a
(n.)
group of people
Relating to the Maya, an
ancient group of people
Class VI+ Mayan (adj.) from Mexico and Central
America, and their
Oceans languages and culture
esearchers have recently confirmed researchers have not even reached the bottom time taken for the echo to return and calculates Saltiness or amount of
R
Salinity (n.)
that the Taam Ja’ Blue Hole (TJBH) of the TJBH yet! But the current measurement the water depth. In 2021, the hole was found salt dissolved in water
is the world’s deepest blue hole. shows it is at least 420 metres deep. to be about 480 feet (146 metres) deep. But
This 420-metre hole is in Chetumal Bay, scientists were not very sure. This was
Mexico. Taam Ja means “deep water” in How did they measure it? because, unlike wells, blue holes do not go Worksheet : GR089
Mayan language. The hole was first discovered in about 2003 straight down. They are more like vertical What did you find most interesting
by a local diver. But scientists first measured it caves or rat holes. So, sound waves may come about Blue Holes?
But what is a blue hole? only in 2021. They used an echo sounder. An back after hitting a wall in the middle. They
Blue holes are deep, round holes in the echo sounder works just like shouting into a may not even reach the end of the hole.
ocean near the coast. When water dissolves deep well and listening for the echo. It sends On December 6, 2023, scientists went on a
soft rocks such as limestone, cracks appear on sound waves downward, which bounce off the new expedition to the TJBH. They used a
the rocks. These cracks grow bigger until the seafloor and return. The device measures the special device called a conductivity,
rock collapses. That is when blue holes are temperature and depth (CTD) profiler for
formed. The deep, dark water appears bright measurements. This device sends information
blue from the surface. Thus, it is named “blue about the water’s depth, salinity and
hole.” Some famous blue holes include Dean’s temperature to the surface via a cable.
Blue Hole in the Bahamas and the Dahab Blue The CTD-profiler data showed something
Hole in Egypt. interesting. Below 400 metres, the temperature
and salinity of the water were similar to those of
Why is TJBH special? the Caribbean Sea. This suggests that the TJBH
The TJBH is special because it is the might connect to the ocean through a hidden
deepest known. It is even deeper than the network of tunnels and caves. The CTD profiler
previous record holder, the 301-metre-deep could only go down till 420 metres. It got stuck
Sansha Yongle Blue Hole (Dragon Hole) in the somewhere around this depth. Scientists plan
South China Sea. What is surprising is that to explore further to find its real depth.
Art and Culture StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 05
Three Indian books make
it to UNESCO’s special list

India Makes History at the

Cannes Film Festival 2024 ecently, UNESCO has added three lessons about being smart and kind and

A
t this year’s Cannes Film Festival,
Indian films took centre stage.
R famous Indian books to a special
list. This list is called the Memory
sharing universal moral values. These
stories are so popular that they have been
India not only showcased eight of the World Asia-Pacific (MOWCAP) translated into many languages and are
films but also came back with three awards. Regional Register. read by children all over the world.
Payal Kapadia won the Grand Prix The third is
(Grand Prize of the Festival). This is the Which books are these? Sahṛdayaloka-Locana. It
second most important award after the The first is is a 15th-century Sanskrit
Palme d’Or. Kapadia won this prize for her Ramcharitmanas, book by Kashmiri scholar
debut film, “All We Imagine as Light.” This which literally means Acharya Anandvardhan.
is a story about two Malayali nurses “Lake of the Deeds of It talks about how
working in Mumbai. Rama.” It is a beautiful things like art and music can be.
16th-century epic These books are not just fun to read but
Chidananda S. Naik’s film “Sunflowers poem by Indian saint and poet Tulsidas in also teach us about the past and the different
Were the First Ones to Know…” won the the Awadhi language. This poem tells the ways people have tried to understand the
La Cinef first prize. This is only the second story of Lord Ram and his adventures. world. They show us how stories can travel
Indian film to win this award. The film is People not only in India but also in across oceans and be loved by people from
about the Kannada folk tale in which an Southeast Asian countries like Cambodia, different places. They also remind us of our
old woman steals a rooster, and it brings Thailand and Indonesia enjoy reading it. rich and diverse culture.
her bad luck. La Cinef is a section of the The second is
Cannes Film Festival. It judges short films Panchatantra. It was Sultana’s dream
made by film schools from around the probably written in Another notable entry this year is a
world. Naik is based in Mysore and studied Sanskrit around the 3rd novel called “Sultana’s Dream,” about a
Payal Kapadia
film direction at the Film and Television century BCE by an world without men. It was written by
Kapadia is the first Indian filmmaker to Institute of India in Pune. unknown author, but Bengali author Begum Rokeya Sakhawat
win the Grand Prix award. Also, this is the most of it is credited to an Indian scholar Hossain in 1905 during British India. In the
first time that a film by an Indian female More About Cannes named Vishnu Sharma. It is a collection of novel, she imagined helicopters and solar
director has been showcased in the main The Cannes Film Festival is also known short stories about animals that talk and panels even before they were invented.
competition at Cannes. as “Festival de Cannes” in French. It is act like humans. They teach us important Bangladesh submitted it for the list.
Indian actress Anasuya Sengupta won one of the most important film festivals in
the best actress prize in a special category the world. It is organised every year in
for her performance in Konstantin Bojanov’s Cannes, France, to celebrate the best Background Information
drama-film “The Shameless.” She played international films. UNESCO
the role of a woman who ran away from The festival showcases different kinds
Delhi after she murdered a policeman. of films from around the world. It has UNESCO stands for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
various competitions where films, actors, Organisation. They work to protect and celebrate the world’s most important
actresses, directors, etc., can win in cultural and natural treasures.
different categories. Memory of the World (MOW)
The Palme d’Or is the highest prize MOW is a UNESCO programme that aims to protect rare and important
awarded at the festival. It is given to the documents like books, photos, maps and videos. These documents stay in their
director of the best film. own countries, but UNESCO keeps a list called the MOW register. UNESCO gives
Other awards are the Grand Prix, the expert help and resources to keep them safe. They also help countries make these
Best Director Award, Best Actor Award, documents available online and raise awareness of their importance. Rigveda and
Best Actress Award, Best Screenplay some other Indian manuscripts are on this list.
Award and the Camera d’Or for the best
Anasuya Sengupta first film by a new director. MOWCAP Regional Register
UNESCO also created Regional Registers to include more documents that may
Power Words be important for a region but not for the world. MOWCAP Regional Register is for
countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Some entries from the Regional Register later
The occasion when someone performs or presents something to
Debut (n.) go to the main MOW register. The register acts as an entry point.
the public for the first time
Drama-film (n.) A type of film that tells an exciting and serious story Power Words
The art of creating scenes for a movie which follow the direction of
Screenplay (n.) A language similar to Hindi and spoken in Awadh (Ayodhya, Lucknow,
the story Awadhi (n.)
Kanpur, Prayagraaj and nearby areas)
Showcased (n.) To show, especially at an exhibition or festival
Epic (adj.) Related to a long story celebrating heroic feats
Manuscript (n.) A handwritten document
Worksheet : AC089
Which is your favourite movie that you would like everyone to watch? Worksheet : AC088
Share it with us!
Have you read or watched any Panchatantra stories? If yes, what did you
learn from it?
HISTORY StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 06
Study finds ancient river
What happened to “Ahramat”?
The Ahramat shifted and eventually
dried up thousands of years ago. The

helped build the pyramids climate changes likely made the region
drier. Today, the old river is hidden under
the desert. But its impact lives on in these
incredible pyramids.
Why is this discovery
important?
This discovery helps us understand more
about how the pyramids were built. It
shows us that ancient Egyptians were very
smart and resourceful and had great
engineering skills. It also shows how
important the Nile River was to the ancient
Egyptian civilisation.

Background Information
Egyptian civilisation
The Egyptian civilisation is one of
the world’s oldest civilisations. It is
ave you ever wondered how the water, and it was used for transportation, pyramids ended right at this river’s bank. also known for its pyramids, pharaohs
H ancient Egyptians built those giant
pyramids in the desert? Well,
just like roads today. The new discovery
suggests a branch of the Nile was once much
This means it was probably used as a water
highway for boats supplying the pyramids. It
and mummies. It flourished along the
Nile River from around 3150 BCE to 30
scientists from the University of North closer to the pyramids than the main river is explains why so many pyramids stand in a BCE. The Nile’s fertile banks helped
Carolina Wilmington in the United States now. This branch is now named the line along this ancient waterway. Egyptians grow food.
recently discovered evidence that a secret “Ahramat.” This is Arabic for “pyramid.” It
river might have helped them. was about 64 kilometres long and passed
close to many pyramid sites. Worksheet : HT087
Which is this river?
Why was it important? Imagine you are an architect in an ancient civilisation. Draw a design for your
In ancient Egypt, the River Nile was super pyramid, including dimensions and any special features.
important. It was their lifeline. It provided Carrying or dragging huge stone blocks
over long distances by road across the desert
would be very tough. But loading them on
boats and sailing them close to the pyramid-
building sites would have been much easier.
Therefore, the Ahramat made it much easier
to move heavy stones and other materials
for the pyramids.
How did scientists find it?
They used technology such as satellite
images and soil tests to find its location.
They even found that the paths to the

Were Hunter-Gatherers also different signs in the bones. Scientists analysed carbon,
nitrogen, and sulphur in bones.
Plant bits: Scientists found bits of plants like acorns, pine

plant eaters? Let’s find out! nuts and seeds in and around the cave, which showed that
these were part of their diet.
By putting all these clues together, scientists understood
what these people ate.
The conclusions
The Moroccan hunter-gatherers mostly ate local plants—
acorns, pine nuts and wild pulses. Scientists also found that
these hunter-gatherers also gave plant-based foods to their
babies besides milk. This is the first time that this fact has
been discovered.
This discovery proves that humans understood the benefits
of eating plants even before they started farming. They did
Class VI+ not know how to grow the plants themselves. Yet, they added
it to their diet.
Sources of History
e have always thought that hunter-gatherers humans of different ages. Scientists studied their teeth and Power Words
W mostly ate meat. But a new study shows that they
also ate plants.
bones to know their eating habits. Archaeologist A scientist who studies human history by
(n.) digging up areas where humans lived earlier
A group of scientists from Germany, France and Morocco Here’s how they did it
studied the eating habits of ancient Moroccan hunter- Teeth clues: Scientists studied tiny bits of teeth to see Cemetery (n.) A place where dead people are buried
gatherers. They discovered that plants were a big part of their what they were made of. Teeth are mainly made of calcium,
diet. This happened about 15,000 years ago, long before along with traces of other elements. These elements come The frame of bones supporting a human or
Skeleton (n.)
people started farming. from the food we eat. Different foods have different elements, animal body
so a person who eats only vegetarian food will have teeth
But how could scientists Trace (n.) A very small quantity
that differ from those of a person who eats only non-
discover such an old fact? vegetarian food. Scientists mainly analysed zinc and strontium
Morocco is a country in northern Africa. It has an ancient in ancient human teeth to discover their food habits.
cave called Taforalt. The cave is an old cemetery. Here, Bone clues: Scientists also looked at bones to find out
Worksheet : HT088
archaeologists discovered many skeletons of ancient what they were made of. As with teeth, different foods leave To uncover the mysteries of history, we often rely on
scientific methods. Do you think this demonstrates
Taforalt
the interconnectedness of all subjects? Share your
o thoughts.
occ
or
M
Life Skills StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 07

Adaptability:
I
n the bustling city of Kanpur during the 1990s, The Essential Skill
of the 21 Century
there lived two friends named Mohan and
Ramesh. They ran shops selling typewriters and
were quite happy with their business. Mohan, who loved st
reading newspapers, came across an article one day that
worried him. The article said that fewer people in the USA
were buying typewriters because they were starting to use if you’re adaptable, you can say “hi” to new classmates,
computers instead. A few days later, he read that the find things you both like, and make new friends.
government had made computers cheaper for everyone by • Keeps Us Up-To-Date: The world is always changing.
reducing taxes on them. New technologies, ideas and ways of doing things come
up all the time. If we don’t adapt, we might get left
behind. Just like how computers replaced typewriters,
many things we use today might become old tomorrow.
• Develops Problem-solving Skills: When faced with a
problem, adaptable people don’t panic. They think, come
up with ideas and find clever solutions.
• Learning New Things: Maybe you’re learning something
new in school or trying a new game. Being adaptable 4. Get Ready: Don’t wait for changes to happen. Try to
helps you focus, ask questions and keep trying, even guess what might change and get ready for it. Like
when it’s hard at first. Mohan, who read about changes in the USA and got
• Makes Learning Faster: Being adaptable helps us ready for them.
learn faster. Imagine learning a new language or riding a 5. Stay Flexible: Try to be flexible in your daily life. If
bike. It’s tough at the beginning, but with practice, we something doesn’t go as planned, find another way to
get better. do it. This habit will make you more adaptable in life.
• Dealing with Disappointments: Sometimes, things
don’t go as planned. Maybe you don’t win a game or your Real-Life Examples
favourite toy breaks. Adaptability helps you find new of Adaptability
ways to have fun and move on. There are lots of real-life examples of people and
Mohan shared this news with Ramesh and expressed his companies that did well because they were able to adapt.
concern. He suggested that they should start selling Take the story of Netflix, for example. Netflix started by
computers along with typewriters to keep their business sending DVDs in the mail. When they saw that more
safe. But Ramesh didn’t agree. He believed that people people were watching shows online, they changed how
would always need typewriters and nothing would change. they worked. Now, Netflix is one of the biggest places to
Even though Ramesh said no, Mohan kept learning watch shows and movies online.
about computers and their growing use. He decided to Another example is the story of Nokia. Nokia used to
take action. Mohan went to Delhi to learn how he could make lots of mobile phones. But, when smartphones
start selling computers. He met lots of people who sold became popular, Nokia failed to change on time. They lost
computers and learned about their business. When he business because of it. This shows that even big companies
came back to Kanpur, he started selling computers in can have problems if they don’t change.
addition to typewriters. During COVID-19, lots of teachers and students had
After ten years, fewer people wanted typewriters. trouble with schoolwork. But some quickly learned how to
Ramesh didn’t change, so he had to close his shop. But use online tools and found that they could still learn a lot,
Mohan’s shop did really well because he changed with the even from home.
times. He became the best computer seller in Kanpur and Being adaptable is important. It means being ready
made lots of money. for changes. By being open to new things, always
This story of Mohan and Ramesh teaches us an learning, staying positive, being ready for anything new
important lesson about adaptability. But what exactly is and being flexible, we can become more adaptable. The
adaptability, and why is it so important? • Opens Up New Opportunities: When you’re adaptable, story of Mohan and Ramesh shows us that those who can
you’re more likely to try new things. This can lead to new change can do well. So, let’s welcome change and be
Understanding Adaptability chances you never thought about before. Just like Mohan more adaptable, like Mohan, to have a bright and
saw a chance to sell computers and went for it. Because successful future.
of that, he found success when others didn’t.
• Helps Beyond School: Being adaptable isn’t just for
school. It’s a skill for life. Imagine starting a new job or Worksheet : ME043
moving to a new town. Being adaptable helps you You’re planning a picnic with your friends, but
adjust to changes, make new friends, and do well in your suddenly, it starts raining heavily. How would you
Adaptability is the ability to change or adjust to new new place. adapt your plans to still have a fun time together?
conditions. It’s about being flexible and ready to try new
things when things around you change. Simply put, it How to Develop Adaptability
means not being stuck in old ways but being ready for new 1. Be Open to New Things: Always be ready to listen to new
ideas and changes. ideas and try new things. Sometimes, the best solutions
come from trying things you haven’t before.
Why is Adaptability Important? 2. Keep Learning: Never stop learning. Read books, watch
• Helps Us Survive: Animals survive because they shows, try new hobbies or learn new things. The more you
adapt. For example, some birds from cold countries know, the easier it is to adapt when things change.
migrate to warmer countries during winter. Similarly, 3. Stay Positive: Think of change as a chance to grow, not a
humans adapt to new places, gadgets and situations. problem. Instead of worrying, see it as a way to learn new
For example, starting a new school can be tough. But things and become better.
Polity StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 08
The meeting in India

India hosts India hosting the Antarctic Parliament shows

its commitment to global cooperation and
environmental protection. The representatives

the Antarctic from different countries discussed the following

topics during this meeting:
• Climate change: How is global warming

Parliament affecting Antarctica and what can be done to

slow down these changes?
• Wildlife protection: How can the unique
animals and plants in Antarctica be
protected?
• Scientific research: How to encourage
countries to share their findings and work
together on important research projects?
Class VI+
Continents Power Words
Belonging to a particular
ndia recently hosted the 46th the treaty to discuss important issues related Native (adj.)
I Antarctic Treaty Consultative
Meeting in Kochi, Kerala. This
to Antarctica. This meeting is called the
Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, or, South Pole
place by birth.
The southernmost point on
prestigious event is also called the more simply, the Antarctic Parliament. This (n.) Earth
Antarctic Parliament. was the 46th such meeting.
What is the Antarctic Why is Antarctica important?
Parliament? Worksheet : PL085
Antarctica plays a major role in the Earth’s
Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent climate. The ice in Antarctica helps to keep Unscramble the words to find the
in the world. The South Pole of the Earth the planet cool by reflecting sunlight. The magic words.
is located on it. Antarctica is covered in ice The Antarctic Treaty is a special agreement continent also holds about 70% of the world’s
and is home to many species of animals that was signed by 12 countries in 1959 and fresh water in the form of ice. This means that
and plants. However, its harsh climate later joined by 45 more countries. It brings changes in Antarctica can affect sea levels
kept humans from migrating to it these countries together to keep and weather patterns all over the world.
in ancient times. Thus, Antarctica free from political
Antarctica is the only fights and military activities. At India’s role in Antarctica
continent without a native present, around 3,000-5,000 India has been involved in Antarctic
human population. This is people live there. These are research for many years. The country has
why it does not belong to mostly scientists from two research stations on the continent: Maitri
any one country. Instead, different countries carrying and Bharati. Indian scientists study the ice,
many countries work out scientific research. weather and wildlife in Antarctica to learn
together to take care of it These 57 countries meet more about how changes in the continent can
under the Antarctic Treaty. every year under the provisions of impact the rest of the world.

Ireland, Norway and Spain

Strip ruled by Hamas. The Palestinian Authority or the State
of Palestine represents the country in various international
forums. It wants to solve the conflict peacefully. Hamas is an

accept Palestine as a country

armed Palestinian group that wants to solve the issue with
violence. In October 2023, Hamas attacked Israel. This led to
the ongoing Israel-Hamas war.
Effect of Ireland, Norway
Class: VIII+ and Spain’s decision
Secularism Around 143 countries in the world accept Palestine as an
independent country. This includes India as well. However,
Israel and some other countries do not agree. Palestine is
not yet a full member of the United Nations. However, if
more countries accept Palestine as a country, then it will get
better international support, and there will be pressure to
end the war peacefully.

Background Information
United Nations
After World War II, many countries agreed to create an
organisation to stop future wars and keep peace across
the world. This organisation is called the United Nations.
reland, Norway and Spain have accepted the region The Jews and Muslims fought many wars to gain control
I of Palestine as an official country from May 28,
2024. This decision has been made to encourage
over the whole area after the British left. Israelis say that
their Jewish ancestors lived in the area since ancient times. Power Words
Israel and Hamas to end the ongoing war and find a peaceful Around 3000 years ago, it was called the Kingdom of Israel. Conflict (n.) A disagreement
solution to the Israel-Palestine issue. Although Israel reacted On the other hand, Palestinian people say that their Muslim
to this news in anger, both Hamas and the Palestinian ancestors ruled the country for thousands of years before Jews or Jewish People who follow the religion of
Authority are happy with it. the British arrived. This is why they claim that the whole People (n.) Judaism
area belongs to them instead. Ancestor (n.) Past member of one’s family
This is one of the oldest ongoing conflicts in the
world. These countries keep fighting from time to time due
to this conflict. Worksheet : PL086
What is Hamas? Do you think it’s a good idea to split countries based
Palestine is made up of two disconnected areas – the on people’s religions? What do you think about it?
West Bank ruled by the Palestinian Authority and the Gaza

What is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

Palestine and Israel are two countries in West Asia.
They used to be a single country ruled by the British before
1948. The British left the country after dividing it into Israel
for Jewish people and Palestine for Muslim people. This is
also how the British government divided India into India
and Pakistan.
Motivators StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 09
Class 12 Student Becomes
Youngest Indian to Climb Mt.
Everest from the Nepal Side

Alok Shukla Wins Goldman

Environmental Prize

important forests were under threat.

One of India’s largest coal reserves lies
beneath these forests. This coal reserve
has around 5.6 billion tonnes of coal. In
2010, the government declared Hasdeo n an inspiring feat, 16-year-old above are allowed on this side now, although
a “no-go” zone because of its vast
biodiversity. But this declaration was
I Kaamya Karthikeyan has become
the youngest Indian to reach the
younger climbers were allowed in the past.
The youngest person to climb Mount
ecently, an Indian forest never made into a law. So, there were summit of Mount Everest from the Nepal Everest is Jordan Romero from the United
R activist named Alok Shukla
won the prestigious Goldman
plans to start mining.
Alok and his team fought against
side. A class 12 student from Mumbai’s Navy
Children School, Kaamya achieved this
States. He reached the summit on May 22,
2010, at the age of 13 years, 10 months and
Environmental Prize. This award is often these plans. They worked hard to raise milestone on May 20, 2024, alongside her 10 days. Jordan climbed from the Tibetan
called the “Green Nobel.” It is given to awareness about the importance of the father, Commander S. Karthikeyan. Her side. The youngest female to climb Mount
those who make large contributions to forests and the dangers of mining. In father’s love for mountaineering inspired her, Everest is an Indian girl named Malavath
protecting our environment. July 2022, their efforts succeeded when leading them both to the top of the world. Poorna. She completed this climb at just 13
Alok is a leader of the Chhattisgarh the government cancelled the 21 Shivangi Pathak previously held the years, 11 months and 15 days old. Malavath is
Bachao Andolan and a founding member proposed coal mines in Hasdeo Aranya. record, reaching the summit at the age of 16 from Pakala village in Telangana. She climbed
of the Hasdeo Aranya Bachao Sangharsh This victory was not just for the forests years, 10 months and 6 days. Kaamya Everest on May 25, 2014. The 2017 Hindi film
Samiti. These groups work to protect but also for the nearly 15,000 Adivasis Karthikeyan broke this record by reaching the “Poorna: Courage Has No Limit” is based on
the environment and the rights of the who depend on the Hasdeo Aranya summit at 16 years, 9 months and 10 days. her life journey.
forest-dependent communities in forests for their livelihood, cultural She is now the second-youngest girl in the
Chhattisgarh. identity and sustenance. world and the youngest Indian to climb
Everest from the Nepal side.
Why did he win the prize? Other winners Kaamya is on a mission to reach the
Alok’s biggest achievement was Along with Alok, there are five other highest peaks on each continent. She has
leading a successful campaign that winners of the 2024 Goldman already conquered six of the seven peaks and
saved 445,000 acres of forest in the Environmental Prize: plans to climb Mt. Vinson Massif in Antarctica
state of Chhattisgarh. These forests are • Sinegugu Zukulu and Nonhle this December. If successful, she will become
known as Hasdeo Aranya. They are one Mbuthuma (South Africa) the youngest girl to complete the Seven
of the largest intact forest areas in India. • Teresa Vicente (Spain) Summits challenge.
They are usually called the “lungs of • Murrawah Maroochy Johnson South Slope
Chhattisgarh” because they help clean (Australia) So, what is the Nepal side like? (Nepal side)
the air we breathe. • Andrea Vidaurre (United States) Mount Everest is located on the border of
Hasdeo Aranya is home to many • Marcel Gomes (Brazil) Nepal and Tibet, which is part of China. It can
endangered species, including tigers, be climbed from both sides.
Asian elephants, leopards, sloth bears, Take away The Nepal side, known as the South
grey wolves and striped hyenas. It also Alok’s courage and dedication have Slope, is more popular because it is gentler
has 92 bird species and 167 rare and helped protect our environment and the and ideal for beginners. Climbers must be at
medicinal plant species. The forests are people who depend on it. He is a true least 16 years old. There is also a 10-day trek
a catchment area for the Hasdeo River, hero and an inspiration for all of us. His to reach the base camp.
which irrigates 741,000 acres of story is a reminder that each of us can The Tibet side, known as the North Slope,
farmland. But these beautiful and make a difference. is steeper and less crowded. It is preferred
by professional climbers because of its
North Slope
weather and the road that leads directly to (Tibet Side)
the base camp. Only climbers aged 18 and

Power Words
Mountaineering (n.) The sport or activity of climbing mountains
Steep (adj.) (Of a slope, hill, etc.) rising or falling quickly, not gradually
Summit (n.) The highest point

Worksheet : MT092
Worksheet : MT091
Help Kaamya to summit Mount Everest again.
Solve the puzzle using the green highlighted words.
ACROSS
3. (Groups of animals, plants, etc.) at
risk of no longer existing
5. Area of land from which water flows
into a river, lake, or reservoir
7. A set of same-kind of animals or
plants

DOWN
1. All the different kinds of life you will
find in one area
2. Something (such as food) that
keeps someone or something alive
4. A series of planned activities to
achieve a particular social,
commercial, or political aim
6. A member of any of the original
inhabitants of India
Environment StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 10
Study: ISRO Finds Himalayan for that of generations to come. By
understanding and respecting nature, we
can all make sure that the beauty and

Glacial Lakes Are Expanding balance of places like the Himalayas

remain preserved.

Background Information
Global Warming
It is a gradual increase in the average
temperature of the Earth’s air and ocean
because of human activities such as
burning fossil fuels. These activities
release gases like CO2 that trap heat in the
atmosphere. This causes problems such as
rising sea levels and extreme weather.
Class IX+ Indian Space Research
Uses of Satellites Organisation (ISRO)
ISRO is India’s space agency.
he Indian Space Research • These lakes are getting larger because that were worsened by a GLOF. It was founded in 1969. It
T Organisation (ISRO) recently used
satellite technology to study glacial
glaciers are melting faster due to global
warming.
About 130 of these expanded glacial lakes
are in India. These are located in the Indus,
launches satellites, explores
space and conducts missions.
lakes in the Indian Himalayas. Glacial lakes Ganga and Brahmaputra river basins. A river It is headquartered in Bengaluru, India.
are natural water bodies found in mountains, Why should we care? basin is an area where all the rain and
formed by melting glaciers. You might wonder why growing lakes are streams flow into one main river. If these Power Words
bad; after all, a larger lake means more lakes leak, they can flood these rivers.
What did ISRO discover? water. Well, these are not just any lakes; they Fuel (such as coal, oil or natural
Why is this study important? Fossil
ISRO studied satellite data from the past are high up in the mountains and can be quite gas) formed in the Earth from
Fuel (n.)
four decades to see how Himalayan glacial dangerous. If their natural barriers break, • To save people in the mountains: By plant or animal remains.
lakes have changed. Here is what they found: water can rush down the mountains like a studying the lakes from space, ISRO can Glacier Massive rivers of ice that move
• Out of 2,431 lakes they studied, 676 had giant flood. This would damage villages and help us understand which of them might (n.) very slowly.
significantly expanded since 1984. farms lying below. This is called a glacial lake burst. This information can warn people
Among these, 601 lakes had more than outburst flood (GLOF). In June 2013, living nearby of the danger.
doubled in size. Kedarnath in Uttarakhand had severe floods • To save the Earth: The expanding glacial Worksheet : EE088
lakes in the Himalayas are a sign that our Unscramble the words to find the
planet is changing because of global magic words.
warming. It reminds us that we all need to
care for our Earth, not just for our sake but

Mammoth: World’s Largest Air

36,000 tonnes of CO2 per year; this
amount almost equals the CO2 released by
8,000 cars in a year.
Mammoth is the second machine of its

Capture Plant Opens in Iceland kind. The first was Orca. It was started in
2021 by the same company. But Mammoth
is nine times bigger and can clean more air.
air from the atmosphere. The air then
passes through chemically coated filters. What do people think?
These filters can capture CO2 and release Some people think this is a great idea,
the rest of the air. When the filters soak in but others are worried. They say the
sufficient CO2, they are heated to collect technology is expensive and may require a
the gas in containers. Afterwards, this lot of energy and resources; this could
concentrated CO2 is mixed with water and have other environmental impacts. They
Class VIII+ piped underground into basaltic rocks. also argue that the plant captures only a
Global Warming The CO2 reacts with basaltic rocks and tiny fraction of global CO2 emissions. So,
turns into rocks in one to two years. we should focus more on preventing
arbon dioxide (CO2) is a capture plant in Iceland. It is known as Interestingly, the plant uses clean energy pollution first.
C greenhouse gas present in the
atmosphere. The gas traps heat
“Mammoth.” A Swiss company called
Climeworks operates it.
to run its fans. So, it does not add more
pollution.
and warms our planet. This is called Worksheet : EE089
global warming, which leads to climate How does the plant work? But why is this important?
change. Therefore, scientists and • Principle: Mammoth uses direct air By removing CO2 from the air, we can help Why do you think the carbon
engineers worldwide are trying to find capture (DAC) technology with CO2 reduce the effects of climate change. The capture plant is named ‘Mammoth’?
new methods to remove CO2 from the storage (DAC+S). CO2 is directly captured Mammoth plant aims to capture up to Suggest some alternative creative
atmosphere. from the atmosphere and stored names.
An important step in this direction is underground. Power Words
the opening of the world’s largest air • Working: Large fans in the machine suck
A type of volcanic black rock
Basalt (n.)
rich in iron and magnesium.
A change in the average
Climate conditions – such as
change (n.) temperature and rainfall – in
a region over a long period.
The gases in the atmosphere
that raise the surface and
Greenhouse atmospheric temperature of
gas (n.) the Earth, such as water
vapour, CO2, methane and
nitrous oxide.
STREAM StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 11
Young scientists shine
at Regeneron ISEF 2024 Age: 18
Kshemaahna Nagi
Project: Device To Reduce Heavy Metal
in Water Entering Lakes
Award: First Award in the Climate and
Environmental Protection Category by
USAID Science for Development.
Kshemaahna Nagi is a student of
Vidyashilp Academy in Bengaluru, India.
She has invented a new device to clean
runoff water. This device is special
because it is cheap and easy to use. It
egeneron ISEF (or Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair) is a major science competition. It is the world’s largest helps remove harmful metals like lead,
R science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) competition for students from 9th to 12th grades. It took place in Los
Angeles this year from May 11 to May 17.
copper and cadmium from water that runs
off roads and buildings when it rains.
More than 2,000 young scientists from 49 U.S. states and nearly 70 countries gathered to showcase their brain power. These teens are These metals can make water unsafe to
not just ordinary students. They are the future inventors, problem-solvers and dreamers. In total, more than $9 million was awarded to drink and harmful to plants and animals.
Kshemaahna’s device can make the water
students who reached the finals. Let’s meet some of them: cleaner and safer for everyone.

Ayush Jain
Grace Sun Michelle Wei Keerthana Rajesh Age: 17
Age: 16 Project: Detecting Causality Using
Rank: 1st Rank: 2nd Project: In vitro Study on Bio Conc. for Symplectic Quandles
Age: 16 Age: 17 Oral Mucositis Award: Honourable mention and one-
Award: George D. Yancopoulos Innovator Award: Regeneron Young Scientist Award: $3,000 cash prize by the year Membership to the American
Award and a $75,000 cash prize. Award and a $50,000 cash prize. National Anti-Vivisection Society. Mathematical Society.
Grace is from Lexington, Kentucky, Michelle is from San Jose, California, Keerthana Rajesh is from Greenwood Ayush Jain is a student from Shri Ram
USA. She developed a new kind of USA. She developed a new approach to High International School, Bengaluru. School in Gurugram, Haryana. He
organic electrochemical transistor. It is a improve the speed and efficiency of a She did a study on a special medicine that researched a topic involving mathematics
device that could help detect and treat type of software used in many fields, helps sores in the mouth heal faster. The and science (physics). His study showed
serious illnesses like diabetes, epilepsy including machine learning, transportation results of this study showed that this new how to detect causality in 2 +
and organ failure. and banking systems. medicine could be very helpful for people 1-dimensional spacetimes using
with mouth sores. It will be especially symplectic quandles. In simple terms,
Ayush’s work helps us understand how
Other top honours useful for those who get them from
events are connected in the universe.
cancer treatments.
This can be important for understanding
the universe better.

Background Information
How to participate in ISEF
In India, the Initiative for Research and Innovation
in STEM (IRIS) National Fair selects participants
Ingrid Wai Hin Chan Jayveer Sachin Kochhar
for the ISEF. This is a partnership between the
Government of India and private organisations.
Age: 17 Justin Huang and Victoria Ou Age: 15 • IRIS collaborates with five major school-level
Award: Craig R. Barrett Award and a $10,000 science fairs:
Age: Both 17 Project: Detecting Ankylosing Spondylitis • Rashtriya Bal Vaigyanik Pradarshani (NCERT)
cash prize. Using Breathing
Ingrid is from Hong Kong, China. She Award: Gordon E. Moore Award and a • National Children’s Science Congress (NCSTC)
$50,000 cash prize. Award: Second Award of $500 by the • National Council of Science Museums
developed an app that helps patients with Patent and Trademark Office Society. • CBSE Science Exhibition
dementia. The app uses virtual reality to let Justin and Victoria are from Woodlands,
Jayveer Sachin Kochhar is a student of • INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for
patients practise physical and mental skills. Texas, USA. They developed a filtration system
Jamnabai Narsee International School in Inspired Research)
Ingrid hopes her app can help those who can’t that uses ultrasonic sound waves to remove Mumbai, India. He developed a method Winners from these fairs are invited to regional
get face-to-face therapy. microscopic plastic particles from water. to detect ankylosing spondylitis or AS at mentorship camps, where they receive guidance on
an early stage. AS is a type of arthritis participating in the IRIS. Winners of the IRIS
National Fair then represent India at the ISEF in the
Tanishka Aglave that affects the spine and can cause U.S. Visit https://irisnationalfair.org/ for more details.
severe pain. This method uses a type of
Age: 15 artificial intelligence (AI) called neural
Award: H. Robert Horvitz Award and a $10,000 networks to analyse breathing patterns.
cash prize. The AI can study the breathing patterns
Tanishka is from Valrico, Florida, USA. She and tell if someone might have this
developed a new way to treat a citrus tree disease disease before it gets too serious. This
called citrus greening. A citrus tree is a fruit-bearing early detection can help doctors start
plant. Oranges, lemons and other tangy fruits are treatment earlier, reducing pain and
some examples of citrus fruits. Tanishka used curry improving the lives of patients.
leaf tree extract to treat infected trees and found it
worked well. This method could help farmers
manage the disease without using antibiotics. Power Words
A loss of thinking ability, memory, attention, logical reasoning, and other
Dementia (n.)
Indian students mental abilities
During ISEF, various organisations present students with accolades in different categories known A disease that occurs when your blood glucose is too high. Blood glucose is
Diabetes (n.)
as Special Awards. Six Indian students were honoured with these special awards in 2024. also called blood sugar.
Epilepsy (n.) A brain disease that causes seizures
Akhilesh Balaji and Dhruv Ramu
Virtual reality A computer-generated experience that makes you feel like you’re in a different
Age: 16 and 17 (n.) place or doing something else by using special equipment like goggles or headsets
Project: Live Vision Correcting Display
Award 1: Mawhiba Universal Enrichment
Program Award and a $200 cash prize. Worksheet : IN080
Award 2: Full scholarship from King Fahd
University of Petroleum and Minerals If you could create an award-winning project like these students, what problem
(KFUPM) and a $400 cash prize. would you want to solve?
Akhilesh Balaji and Dhruv Ramu are from
Neev Academy, Bengaluru, India. They
created a special display that helps people
see better. Their invention fixes blurry vision
using a method called “dynamic point spread
function-based deconvolution.” This
technology can be very useful for people
with vision issues, making their daily
activities easier and more enjoyable.
LIFESTYLE StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 12
Link found between what we
eat and our brain health

Components of Food
Class: V+

Class VI+
Food

Study finds ultra-processed

foods can shorten your life
arents always tell us not to eat
P too many ultra-processed foods
like chips and cold drinks because
they can make us fat and unhealthy. Now,
after 30 years of careful study, scientists
say that these foods also shorten our lives.
So, what are ultra-
processed foods? new study by the University of The study also emphasised the need for
We get food from nature, such as
grains, vegetables and fruits. These are
sausages, hotdogs, salami or bacon)
faced a 13% higher risk of early death.
A Warwick in the United Kingdom has
found a strong connection between
gradual changes in diet, especially for those
used to tasty but unhealthy foods. By slowly
the healthiest foods we can eat. 2. Sugary and artificially sweetened our diet and brain health. The research shows reducing sugars and fats, people might
Sometimes, we process foods to store drinks: Those who drank sugary sodas that eating a healthy and balanced diet can naturally start choosing healthier options.
them for a long time, such as by drying or diet colas had a 9% increased risk of improve our brain health. This teaches us that The researchers suggest that families and
fruits or cleaning grains. These are called early death. what we eat affects not only our physical schools should provide various nutritious
minimally processed foods. They are also 3. Desserts and breakfast foods: health but also our mental well-being. meals and create environments that support
good to eat as they have nutrients but no Overall, diets rich in UPFs (such as physical and mental health. They further add
harmful chemicals. However, when we pastries, cakes and sugary cereals) that governments should enact policies that
process food a lot by adding salt, sugar, were linked to a 4% higher chance of make healthy food affordable to everyone in
fat, artificial flavours, colours and dying early. the country.
preservatives, they are called ultra-
processed foods (UPFs). Chips, cookies, Why are UPFs harmful?
ice cream, flavoured drinks, frozen foods, • Heart problems: Since UPFs are rich in
ready-to-eat packed foods, etc. are bad fats, eating them regularly can lead
examples of UPFs. These foods may look to heart diseases.
attractive and taste good, but they are bad • Cancer risks: Some UPFs have secret
for your health. ingredients such as artificial sweeteners,
colours and preservatives that increase
The study the chances of cancer.
The scientists at Harvard University, • Diabetes risks: Since UPFs have lots
USA, observed around 1,14,000 people for of added sugar and salt, these foods
over 30 years. They wanted to see if eating shoot up blood sugar levels in the body. What did the researchers do? Having a healthy diet from an early age is
more UPFs could lead to health problems. The researchers studied the food choices essential for healthy growth. It is important to
What can we do? of more than 180,000 people in the UK. try various food options to find the right ones
Findings • Eat home-cooked food whenever They identified what the participants ate that are delicious and healthy for your body
1. Ultra-processed non-veg items: possible. (e.g. alcohol, fruits, meats, vegetables), and mind. You can do this by choosing highly
People who regularly ate ultra- • Check product labels for hidden their lifestyle, their physical health and their nutritious foods like whole grains, beans, fish,
processed non-veg items made from additives. Avoid products with more mental abilities. The researchers found that green vegetables, fruits and the like.
meat, poultry, and seafood (such as additives.
Food processing

Power Words
those who had a balanced and nutritious diet
A substance added to food to enhance its flavour, appearance or had better mental health, high brain activity
Additive (n.) Worksheet : LS090
preservation and were more intelligent.
Preservative (n.) A substance added to food to keep it from spoiling Find the 5 hidden words related to
How the right food can help health from the puzzle below.
To perform a series of actions or steps to change or preserve develop the right mindset
Process (v.)
something
The study focused on a very important H H D E C N A L A B
point, which is, a balanced diet can help L E H B J K C A V F
Worksheet : LS091 maintain a balanced mindset. Eating the right
amount of nutritious food can result in a R A A G I V T I C F
List some healthier alternatives to the following processed foods: ‘happy’ brain that is more active and healthier. D V T L R P I C Z I
• Potato Chips: ...................................................................................................................................................... V J U N T Y V I T P
Power Words
........................................................................................................................................................................................
C K K D E H E F Y X
• Soda: To officially make a new
....................................................................................................................................................................... Enact (v.) S W H K D M Y I P S
law or rule
........................................................................................................................................................................................
Something that happens Z W X N I L Z T O S
• Candy: Gradual (adj.)
.................................................................................................................................................................... slowly Z K I Z V P L R T S
........................................................................................................................................................................................
The way in which a R M R O X M L A E K
Lifestyle (n.)
person lives
SPORTS StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 13
India Shines at The UN Declares May 25th
Weightlifting as “World Football Day”
Championships
in Peru

n May, India sent a team of athletes to

I compete in the Youth World
Weightlifting Championships in Lima,
Other Winners
Jyoshna is another talented 15-year-old lifter
Peru. These championships are organised by from Odisha. She won the silver medal in the
the International Weightlifting Federation. women’s 40kg category with a total lift of 125
Athletes between the ages of 13 and 17 come kg (56 kg in snatch and 69 kg in clean and jerk).
from around the world to compete. In the women’s 45 kg category, Payal
The young weightlifters from India were finished with the silver medal. She lifted a total
among the stars of the competition, winning of 147 kg (65 kg in snatch and 82 kg in clean
six medals and putting India in second place in and jerk). illions of people around the Why is football
the medal tally. Let’s meet some of the Indian
winners.
In the women’s 76 kg category, Sanjana from
Haryana won a bronze medal. She lifted a total
M world love football, also
known as soccer in some
so special?
Football is special because it is the
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze of 210 kg (90 kg in snatch and 120 kg in clean countries. Because football makes most popular sport in the world. It’s
and jerk). so many people happy, the easy to play – all you need is a ball.
1 Venezuela 3 1 1 In the men’s 49 kg event, Babulal Hembrom United Nations General Assembly Football brings people together,
from Jharkhand secured the bronze medal. He has declared May 25 th as World creating excitement and joy. Watching
2 India 2 2 2 lifted a total of 193 kg (86 kg in snatch and 107 Football Day. football is fun because of the skills and
kg in clean and jerk). teamwork involved. It helps people
Colombia 2 1 1 The championships were not just a feel connected and part of a team.
3
Kazakhstan 2 1 1 competition; they were a preview of potential
weightlifting superstars. The next Youth How can you celebrate?
In the women’s 40 kg category, Preetismita Olympics will be in 2026 in Dakar, Senegal. 1. Play: Grab a football and play with
Bhoi, a 15-year-old athlete from Odisha, won These young athletes have shown that they are your friends. You can use any open
gold. She set a new world record by lifting 76 ones to watch out for in the future. space—no special field is required.
kg in the clean and jerk, beating the previous 2. Learn: Read about famous players,
record by 1 kg. Her total lift was 133 kg (57 kg Background Information their journeys, and the history of
in snatch and 76 kg in clean and jerk), earning Snatch; Clean and Jerk football.
her the gold medal. 3. Create: Make football-themed art
In the men’s 73 kg category, 17-year-old Weightlifters lift weights in two styles: the or write a short story about your
Bedabrat Bharali from Assam won a gold medal snatch and the clean & jerk. In the snatch, favourite match.
by lifting a total of 296 kg (136 kg in snatch and the athlete lifts the weight above their head 4. Share: Talk to your classmates
160 kg in clean and jerk). He became the first in one quick move. In contrast, the Clean about football. Who’s their favourite
Indian male weightlifter to win gold in the and Jerk involves lifting the weight in two But why May 25th? player? Which team do they support?
tournament’s history. stages: the athlete lifts it to their shoulders This date marks the 100th No matter how you choose to
Both Preetismita and Bedabrat were (the clean part) and then pushes it above anniversary of the first global football celebrate, World Football Day is a
declared the best lifters at the championships. their head (the jerk part). tournament, which involved teams reminder that this sport has the power
from all over the world. This historic to unite people from all walks of life.
event took place during the Summer So, get out there, have fun, and show
Olympic Games in Paris in 1924. the world your passion for football.
The United Nations wants to remind Happy World Football Day!
us that football is a game for everyone,
whether you’re a boy, a girl, young, or
old. It’s a sport that anyone can play, Worksheet : SP081
no matter where you live or how much Identify these famous football
money you have. That’s why the players.
United Nations decided to celebrate
this special moment in football history. I II
Preetismita Bhoi Bedabrat Bharali Jyoshna Sabar Over 160 countries supported the
resolution to celebrate World Football
Day. It encourages countries to use Cristiano
football to promote peace and Ronaldo
development and empower women
and girls.

Background Information Lionel

Messi
United Nations General
Assembly (UNGA)
The United Nations General
Payal Babulal Hembrom Sanjana Assembly is like the parliament of Sunil
the world. It is one of the six organs Chhetri
Worksheet : SP082 of the United Nations. Leaders from
193 member countries sit here and
Write a poem or a rap about weightlifting. Use your creativity to express what discuss plans for global peace and
weightlifting means to you. development. David
Beckham
Power Words
To give someone the
Empower
authority or power to
(v.)
do something Wayne
An official decision that Rooney
Resolution
is made after a group or
(n.)
organisation has voted
States News StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 14
Uttarakhand: Nagaland: 20-year delay in
‘Pirul Lao Paise Pao’ Ladakh: Astronomers capture the auroras municipal elections ends
program becomes Recently, Ladakh saw
a success colourful natural lights in
the night sky. These lights
are called auroras and are
usually seen near the North
Pole (Arctic) and the South
Pole (Antarctic). A solar
wind is a stream of charged
particles from the Sun. When it hits the Earth’s atmosphere, we get an aurora. Nagaland is preparing for its municipal elections to
However, when solar winds are strong, they cause a geomagnetic storm in the elect town leaders later in June 2024. These municipal
In Uttarakhand, a government program atmosphere. Last month, we reported about a geomagnetic storm. It was the elections are special because they have not been held
called Pirul Lao Paise Pao is helping both strongest in seven years. But on May 10, an even stronger storm happened, the since 2004. The delay was due to disagreements
the forests and the villagers. The word strongest in 21 years. The storm was so strong that lights were seen in many about the 33% seat reservation for women in municipal
‘Pirul’ means pine tree leaves. They can places on Earth, including Ladakh. Some scientists think that the lights from the and town councils. Some people felt that reserving
catch fire easily when they are dry. Under May 10 storm were the brightest in the last 500 years. seats for women went against local Naga traditions.
the program, villagers gather these leaves Capital: Leh, Kargil Lieutenant Governor: Sh. B. D. Mishra Finally, after many discussions and changes to the law,
and take them to a collection centre to while respecting traditions, they decided to hold the
keep the forests safe from fires. For every elections with rules ensuring that women could also be
kilogram of leaves, they earn 50 rupees. elected. This is a big step for women’s rights in
The campaign has reduced forest fires Nagaland. It shows how important it is to include
significantly. It not only keeps the forests everyone in the decision-making process.
safe but also gives the villagers extra Capital: Kohima Chief Minister: Sh. Neiphiu Rio
money.
Capital:
Dehradun
Chief Minister:
Sh. Pushkar Singh Dhami Meghalaya: Ms Idashisha
Nongrang becomes the new DGP
Delhi: CSIR INSTALLS Meghalaya made history
when Ms Idashisha Nongrang
India’s biggest became the first tribal
Climate Clock woman to lead the police
department in the state. She
took over after the previous
Director General of Police
(DGP), Mr. L.R. Bishnoi,
retired. Now, she will be the new DGP until May 19,
2026. The DGP, also known as the State Police Chief,
is the highest-ranking police officer in a state. Ms.
Nongrang is a 1992-batch Indian Police Service (IPS)
India’s top research and development officer. She is a very experienced officer and has won
agency, CSIR, recently unveiled the awards for her service. She wants the police to be
country’s biggest Climate Clock at its friendly and helpful to all people. This is a big step for
headquarters in New Delhi. This was for Meghalaya and for women everywhere.
Earth Day celebrations on April 23. This Capital: Chief Minister:
Shillong Sh. Conrad Sangma
Climate Clock displays how much time we
have left to act against climate change and
shows how fast Earth’s temperature is West Bengal: Cyclonic storm
rising. It counts down to the year when
Earth’s temperature could rise by 1.5°C if
Remal creates havoc
we don’t take action. As of April 29, 2024, TamilNadu: KKR wins IPL 2024 trophy
the current climate temperature is 1.297 °C at MA Chidambaram Stadium
above pre-industrial levels. Climate change
is when the Earth gets hotter. It can cause
problems like floods and storms. The clock
reminds us to be more ‘energy-wise’ by
using less power at home and school to
slow down the clock. By saving energy, we
can help slow down climate change and In May 2024, West Bengal was hit by a severe
keep our planet healthy. cyclonic storm called ‘Remal’. The storm had wind
Capital: Chief Minister: speeds of 110 to 120 kilometres per hour. This led to
New Delhi Sh. Arvind Kejriwal
heavy rainfall in the coastal districts of West Bengal. It
Shah Rukh Khan’s Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) have won the IPL 2024 Final. started in the Bay of Bengal and reached land at night
Kerala: Temples This is their third championship victory after ten years. On May 26, at Chennai’s between May 26 and 27. Warmer sea surface
temperatures contributed to its formation. The storm
ban using oleander MA Chidambaram Stadium, KKR faced the Sunrisers Hyderabad (SRH) in a
also affected Bangladesh. It killed at least 84 people,
thrilling match. Winning the toss, SRH chose to bat but were held to just 113
flowers runs. KKR chased the target with ease. They scored 114 runs in only 10.3 overs including 65 in India and 19 in Bangladesh.
and won by 8 wickets. Australian bowler Mitchell Starc was the star player. He Capital:
Kolkata
Chief Minister:
Ms. Mamata Banerjee
took crucial wickets and earned the ‘Player of the Match’ title.
Capital: Chennai Chief Minister: Sh. M. K. Stalin
Karnataka: Karnataka
Power Words and Gujarat lead in using
The group of officers who were selected and began their
renewable energy
1992-Batch (n.)
training in the Indian Police Service (IPS) in the year 1992
CSIR (abb.) Council of Scientific & Industrial Research
In Kerala, temples will no longer allow
offerings of oleander flowers (locally Geomagnetic (n.) Related to the magnetic properties of the earth
known as arali ). This decision came after
a sad event where a 24-year-old woman, Worksheet : SN044
Surya Surendran, chewed oleander leaves
by mistake while she was on her phone. How do you think having more women police officers will change how A recent study found that Karnataka and Gujarat are
Later, she fell sick and died. Oleander people see the police? leading the way in using renewable energy. Renewable
plants are beautiful but very poisonous. energy comes from the sun, wind and water, which are
They are used in traditional medicine but natural and do not harm (pollute) our planet. These
can be very dangerous if not handled states have built big farms where they collect sunlight
correctly. Now, temples will use a variety and use wind to make electricity. Other states like
of other beautiful and safe flowers, such Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh are
as jasmine, for their rituals. This change trying to do the same, but they need more help and
aims to protect temple visitors and keep better plans to catch up. This is important because
the offerings safe and sacred. using renewable energy helps keep the air clean and
Capital: Chief Minister: protects nature.
Thiruvananthapuram Sh. Pinarayi Vijayan
(Trivandrum) Capital: Bengaluru Chief Minister: Sh. Siddaramaiah
World News StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 15
USA: First man to receive China: China is now India’s Iran: India signs
a kidney transplant from biggest trading partner Chabahar Port
GM pig dies In the financial year agreement
2023–24 (FY24), China
Richard ‘Rick’ Slayman, a 62-year-old man became India’s biggest
from Massachusetts, was the first person to trading partner, beating
receive a pig kidney transplant. He had the US. Trading is when
severe kidney disease and got a human countries buy and sell
kidney transplant in 2018. It failed after five goods to each other.
years in 2023. On March 16, 2024, doctors India and China traded
at Massachusetts General Hospital goods worth $118.4 billion. India sold goods (like cotton,
performed a four-hour surgery to place a spices, fruits, etc.) worth $16.67 billion to China and bought
genetically modified pig kidney into his goods (like electronics) worth $101.7 billion from China.
body. Rick died two months later in May. Before this, the US was India’s top trading partner. However,
But the doctors say his death wasn’t because of the transplant. India still trades a lot with the US. In fact, India traded goods India and Iran signed an agreement that lets India
Although pig organ transplants have failed before, Rick’s story is seen worth a total of $118.3 billion in FY24 with the USA, just use Chabahar port in Iran for ten years. Chabahar
as a big step forward in medicine. The hospital praised Rick for his $0.1 billion less than with China. These figures may change Port is very important. It helps India trade goods
bravery in trying a pig kidney as it will help future patients. as they are updated regularly. with Iran, Afghanistan and even Russia, without
Capital: Washington, D.C. Currency : U.S. dollar Capital: Beijing Currency : Renminbi (Yuan) having to go through Pakistan. The Indian company,
Indian Ports Global Limited, will invest $120 million
to develop the port. This deal will help increase
trade and strengthen the relationship between
India and Iran.
Capital: Currency :
Tehran Rial

Nepal: ‘Everest Man’

climbs Mount
Everest 29 times

Kami Rita Sherpa, also known as Everest Man,

Venezuela: The last glacier Germany: German author from Nepal, has recently completed his 29th trip to
Humboldt disappears and translator win Mount Everest. He now has the record for the most
climbs on Mount Everest. Rita is a Sherpa, a local
International Booker Prize guide who helps people climb mountains. He first
climbed Everest in 1994 and has done it almost
Author Jenny Erpenbeck and every year since. He is 54 years old and in good
translator Michael Hofmann health after his latest climb. Last year, he climbed
won the 2024 International the mountain twice. He competes with Pasang
Booker Prize for the novel Dawa Sherpa, another guide who has climbed
‘Kairos’. This important award Everest 27 times. Both of them are super strong
recognises both the author and and experienced, making them experts on Everest.
the translator for the best- Capital: Currency :
Venezuela lost its last glacier called ‘Humboldt’. This makes translated fiction book. Kairos Kathmandu Nepalese Rupee
Venezuela the first country to lose all its glaciers. Glaciers are is a special book that tells the
huge, slow-moving rivers of ice. Venezuela used to have six of story of two people who fall in love in Berlin, Germany. The story is
them, but five had already disappeared by 2011. The Humboldt about their relationship and how it changes over time, just like their Madagascar: Study
glacier was expected to last another ten years, but it melted country. The book was written in German by Erpenbeck and translated finds baobab
faster than expected. This is important because glaciers are a into English by Hofmann. They are being praised for their beautiful
major source of freshwater. Their loss can lead to water writing and deep thoughts about love and life. This win marks trees came from
shortages. The melting of glaciers is a clear sign of global Erpenbeck as the first German writer to win this prize and Hofmann as Madagascar
warming. So, the disappearance of Venezuela’s last glacier is the first male translator to win it.
a wake-up call for us to take climate change seriously. Capital: Berlin Currency : Euro
Capital: Caracas Currency : Venezuelan bolívar
Power Words
A 12-month period used by businesses and
Argentina: Sei whales Financial year (n.) governments to report their financial results. In
reappear after 100 years India, it is from 1 April to 31 March next year
Genetically Life forms that have had some of their cells
modified (adj.) changed by scientists
Sleek (adj.) Not plump or thick

Baobab trees are large, unique trees found in

Worksheet : WN045 Africa, Madagascar and Australia. They are called
‘upside-down’ trees because they look like their
Analyse the trading data between India and China and
roots are in the air. A recent study says that these
identify any problems you see.
trees started growing on the island of Madagascar
about 41 million years ago. From there, their
After 100 years, sei whales have returned to Argentina’s seeds travelled across oceans to mainland Africa
Patagonian coast. They disappeared because people hunted and Australia. But now, these trees are in danger
them a lot in the 1920s and 1930s. But now, thanks to rules because of climate change and habitat loss due to
that stopped hunting, the sei whales are back. Sei whales are the construction of buildings. This is sad because
among the largest whale species, growing up to 64 feet these trees are special. Known as the ‘Mother of
(19.51 metres) long and weighing up to 28 tonnes. They have Forests’, they provide food and shelter for many
sleek bodies that are bluish-grey on top and lighter animals. They can live up to 2,000 years and
underneath. This helps them blend into the ocean. The store water in their thick trunks, helping them
reappearance is a big win for nature and shows why it’s survive dry conditions.
important to protect all animals. Capital: Currency :
Capital: Buenos Aires Currency : Argentine Peso Antananarivo Malagasy Ariary
Computer StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 16
AI agents: The next step in
the evolution of AI is here
Artificial intelligence

Class VI+
Electricity
Class VI+

A
rtificial intelligence or AI is
the art of teaching computers
how to think and learn. It is
can use its knowledge and what it
sees from the camera to tell you it’s
a helicopter.
Researchers Find a Way
changing the world around us. The
development of AI agents is one of
• Having a conversation: An AI
agent can chat with you back and for Faster Charging of
Electronics and Cars
the latest advancements in this field. forth, just like you would with a real
Two new AI agents have been person. It can understand what you
launched recently. They are GPT-4o by are saying and respond in a way
OpenAI and Project Astra by Google. that makes sense. It can even learn magine you are in your college class, spreading through
and get better at talking to you the
more you interact with it.
I and your laptop dies. Now, think
about how great it would be if you
the house! Thus,
they discovered a
could charge it to full power in just a minute. Or way to move ions
But why are AI picture an electric car that only needs 10 quickly. This is
agents special? minutes to charge instead of hours. This exactly what is
• Advanced version of LLM: The sounds unreal, doesn’t it? Well, scientists are needed for battery
older AI models are called large working to make this a reality. All thanks to charging. Scientists
language models or LLMs, like something called supercapacitors! say that if we use
So, what exactly GPT versions, GPT-3 and GPT-4. these porous
are these AI agents? These LLMs could only work with So, What’s a Supercapacitor? materials to make
They are the advanced versions of text. However, AI agents can use supercapacitors,
AI systems that can interact with we can charge them really fast.
humans in real time. This means they Ankit Gupta studied chemical engineering
can have conversations with us at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT),
instantly, using text as well as voice Delhi, and the Massachusetts Institute of
and images. They are like advanced Technology (MIT), USA. He said that he
robots that can talk to us in a way that wanted to use his chemical engineering
feels natural, almost like talking to knowledge to improve energy storage because
another person. energy is important for the planet’s future.
voice (sound) and vision. This Supercapacitors are a special type of energy
How does it work? makes talking to them feel more storage device. They work like batteries for Why Does It Matter?
• Seeing the world: AI agents can like talking to a friend. That’s why electronics but are ideal for short power bursts. • Better energy storage: It means our
be connected to cameras and they are also called multimodal Unlike batteries, they store energy very quickly gadgets can work longer without recharging.
microphones. This lets them see large language models or MLLMs. and release it just as fast. This means they • Help the environment: Faster charging for
through the camera and hear AI agents can understand the could be used to charge your devices in a electric vehicles could encourage more
through the microphone. This is context better. This means they fraction of the time it takes now. people to switch from cars that run on gas,
just like you do with your eyes and can give answers that make more petrol, and diesel. It will lead to cleaner air
ears. For example, if you show an sense for the situation. The Discovery for everyone.
AI agent a picture of a cat, it can • Superior to voice assistants: Indian-origin researcher • Power the cities: It is not just about our
tell you it’s a cat. The AI agent can Current voice assistants include Ankit Gupta and his phones or laptops. This could help with
even describe what it’s doing. Alexa by Amazon, Siri by Apple, team discovered this at bigger things like storing energy for entire
and Google Assistant. AI agents the University of cities. When there is extra energy, like when
are much more powerful than Colorado Boulder, USA. it’s sunny and solar panels are working
them. It is because they can learn Electricity flows when really well, we could store it. We can then
and adapt. electrons or other use it when we need it, like at night.
charged particles called
How are AI agents ions move in a direction.
useful? Electrons move when an
They can be used in video games electric field makes them move. However,
• Understanding information in to make characters more realistic. they found that ions moved by an electric field
real time: With all this information, They can develop more advanced and by diffusion in porous materials. Diffusion
the AI agent can understand what’s driverless cars. They can analyse large is when things like smells or colours spread out
going on around it. If you ask it, amounts of data quickly. This makes from where there are a lot of them to where
“What’s that red thing in the sky?” our phones understand us better. Thus there is fewer. Just like the smell of cookies
and there’s a helicopter flying by, it they become better AI assistants.
Power Words
Worksheet : CS087
Real time (n.) Happening instantly, without any delay
Multimodal (adj.) Refers to using multiple methods or modes Draw a picture of how the smell of cookies spreads from the kitchen to other rooms
in the house. Use arrows to show the direction the smell is moving.
O C E D D A F U D D A T
E D O N J Q V L I E R K
X F X L C Z N K F G T P
Worksheet : CS088
Search for five hidden
words in the puzzle.

M T T U Y I I O W N I U
A O P T U P O A E Y F B
B B D Y L M E G O I I M
V R W E Z Z A F W D C R
C R A G L H R A U S I G
D Y M U L T I M O D A L
S I O C M D I C N T L P
E C N E G I L L E T N I
S K U Y R K M Q O H V B
Money Matters StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 17
India Leads the World in Money
Sent from Abroad in 2022 International Organisation
for Migration (IOM)
The International Organization for
Migration (IOM) is a United Nations-
related organisation that helps
governments and migrants manage
migration smoothly. IOM offers advice and
Human Resource

services globally, ensuring the safe and

orderly movement of people.
Class VIII+

Gulf Countries
Gulf countries are nations around the
Persian Gulf, including Saudi Arabia, the
UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman.
n 2022, India received more than $111 billion in remittances, million Indian migrant workers. Most of these remittances came
I
setting a world record. This achievement was highlighted
in the World Migration Report 2024 by the International
from the Gulf countries, the United States and other places where
many Indians work.
Power Words
Organisation for Migration (IOM). This is not the first time India has been a leader in receiving All activities related to making
Economy
remittances. In fact, India has been at the top several times before. A and trading things people need
(n.)
But What Exactly Are Remittances? decade ago, in 2010, India received about $53.48 billion in remittances. or want
Remittances are money that people send back to their home This amount grew to $68.91 billion in 2015 and $83.15 billion in 2020. Migrant A person who moves from one
country. These people are often called migrant workers because Throughout these years, India has remained at the top. The latest figure (adj.) place to another for work, etc.
they leave their home country to work in another country. They send of $111.22 billion in 2022 demonstrates the hard work and success of
part of the money they earn back home to their families. This money Indians abroad. However, India was not the only country to receive a
is called a remittance. large number of remittances. Other countries in the top five list are Worksheet : MM090
Mexico (2nd position with $61 billion), China (3rd with $51 billion), the Unscramble the words to find the
India’s Record-Breaking Journey Philippines (4th with $38 billion) and France (5th with $30 billion). magic words.
This was the first time any country crossed the $100 billion
mark in remittances in a single year. This money was sent by 18 Why are Remittances so Important?
1. Family Support: Remittances help families buy food, pay for
school and get medical care.
2. Boosting Economies: For many developing countries, remittances
are very important. When many people send money home, it adds
up and helps boost the country’s economy.
Challenges
However, it’s not all good news. The report also highlights the
challenges faced by migrant workers. Migrant workers often have to
pay a lot of money to move to another country. They may face
discrimination or poor working conditions, especially in the Gulf
countries. They are also often separated from their families.

WIPO Adopts New Treaty to Protect

mention them and find a way to share the
good things from the idea. This might
mean paying them or letting them be a

Traditional Knowledge and Genetic Resources part of it.

This treaty is important because it makes
sure everyone shares nature’s secrets fairly,
keeps old knowledge safe and helps new
ideas grow by giving clear rules.

Background Information
World Intellectual Property
Organisation (WIPO)
WIPO is a special agency
of the United Nations
that works to make sure
Class VII+ that everyone’s ideas are
Natural Resources safe and protected all over the world.
n May 24, 2024, countries all copyrights (for books) and trademarks (for healing. After finding many old proofs, the Genetic resources
O around the world made a big
decision! They agreed on something
business logos). special right was stopped in 1998 because
using turmeric wasn’t new. The same thing
Genetic resources are materials found in
plants, animals or tiny living things.
new called the Treaty on Intellectual Property, What is the Issue? happened when someone in Europe got a Scientists use them to make new
Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional To get an intellectual property right, one special right for a bug spray made from medicines, grow better crops and create
Knowledge. This is exciting news, especially has to apply to the government body and Neem trees (Azadirachta indica). other useful things.
for countries like India and others that are provide proof of invention or creation. Countries, especially poor ones, have a
still growing. They think it is a big win However, some people began exploiting the lot of old knowledge that can be used to
because it can help them get rewards for rules to gain undeserved advantages. For make new things. So, world leaders started Worksheet : MM089
their special knowledge and the different example, in 1995, two researchers from the to think about making a new rule to stop
plants and animals they have. Let’s find out United States got a special right for using these problems under the World Intellectual Find out a useful traditional practice or
what this is all about. turmeric to help cuts heal. India quickly Property Organisation. The new rule is a knowledge from your state and
challenged this because turmeric has been big win for poor countries. describe it briefly.
What is Intellectual Property? used in India for a long time for wound
Intellectual property (IP) means owning So, What Does the
an idea or design you created. It gives a Treaty Say?
person certain exclusive rights. It means that • Be Honest: If someone invents something
nobody else can copy or reuse that creation using genetic resources or old knowledge
without the owner’s permission. For example, from another country, they should admit
a poem or an essay written by you is your it. This helps everyone know where the
intellectual property. It cannot be copied or idea came from.
used by someone else without your • Respect Traditions: The treaty
permission. IP rights are granted to many understands that old knowledge belongs
things, such as discoveries, inventions, to the groups who have it. It tells
books, music and artistic works. These rights companies to ask before using it.
are known by different names for different • Fair Sharing: If someone’s idea uses
things, such as patents (for inventions), things known by local groups, they should
Open Page StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 18
French
Revolution

Akhil
Class:III, 21K School,
Bengaluru, Karnataka

Aarna Misra
Class:VI, Scottish High International School,
Gurugram, Haryana Samarth Kabinittal
Class: IV, Colours Innovation Academy, Pune, Maharashtra

"You wrote it. We liked it!"

Prayaan Niravkumar Patel My Aim in

Class: III, Ryan International School,
Dumas, Surat, Gujarat My Life
Vikhyati Bhaktha Manvir Inder Singh Everyone has their aim in life. I aim
Class: VII, National Public School, Class: V, Cambridge International School, to become a doctor in the future.
Bengaluru, Karnataka Phagwara, Punjab Doctors are essential in our day-to-day
life because they treat the irregularities
in human bodies. They are heroes
because they do their best and make
us fit and fine. I want to become a
doctor because I have seen a lot of
Dhackshitha diseases and cases which were cured
Class: VII, Advaith International Academy, by a doctor.
Hosur, Tamil Nadu I also want to help and serve the
people. In my family, my aunt is a
doctor and helps many people in a day.
I also like to help people. In my city, I
see a lot of poor people suffering from
different types of diseases, but they
can’t afford medical treatment. It has
disturbed me, and it also encourages
me to become a doctor so that I can
help and provide services to people.

Anushka P.K Anaya Raghav Riya Maheshwari Sufiya Kashaf

Class: VII, Nazareth Convent High school Class: VII, KV Gole Market, Class: VIII, St Conrad School, Agra, Class: VIII, Green Valley English School,
and Junior College, Ooty, Tamil Nadu New Delhi Uttar Pradesh Bengaluru, Karnataka

NIGHT
Oh look! It is the night,
And hundreds of children are in fright.
But I love to look at the stars,
Dull and bright!
I always wait for it,
Oh, what a pride!
To be a star like that,
They stay in their places, never move.
All flat!
How lucky to be like that,
I wonder, just wonder.
How do they feel?

Taapur Dhyani
Class: IX, Kendriya Vidyalaya
Dhairya Jain O F D Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Tanish Kumar
Class: II, Kunskapsskolan School, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh Class: VIII, Ryan International School, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Test Your Knowledge StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 19
1. CRISPR-Cas9 is a ____________________. 11. How did scientists figure out what humans ate 21. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Gene that causes blindness thousands of years ago in a recent discovery? (a) There is no connection between our diet and
(b) Gene editing tool (a) By analysing zinc and strontium in human teeth brain health.
(c) A genetic disorder affecting children (b) By analysing cave paintings (b) The connection between diet and brain health is
(d) A vaccine that cures viral diseases (c) Through evidence mentioned in the literature not scientifically proven.
(d) None of the above (c) A long-term high-sugar diet can make our brain
2. What is a coalition government? energetic.
(a) A single party ruling with an absolute majority 12. What do you understand by adaptability? (d) There is a strong connection between a healthy
(b) An alliance of multiple political parties forming (a) Avoiding learning new things diet and a healthy brain.
the government (b) Always learning new things and keeping updated
(c) A temporary government formed during emergencies (c) Ignoring changes around oneself 22. With which sport is the term “clean and jerk”
(d) A government where the ruling party changes (d) Refusing to change one’s daily routine associated?
frequently (a) Bodybuilding (b) Weightlifting
13. To which group do the 3000-5000 people living in (c) Swimming (d) Formula 1
3. Which of the following are science fairs organised Antarctica belong?
in India? (a) These people are natives of Antarctica. 23. Which of the following Indian book(s) has/have
(1) Rashtriya Bal Vaigyanik Pradarshani (b) These people are mostly tourists and from the been added to the Memory of the World Asia-
(2) Students Science Seminar by National Council of tourism services. Pacific (MOWCAP) Regional Register?
Science Museums (c) These people are largely army personnel from (1) Ramcharitmanas
(3) National Council of Science Museums various countries. (2) Panchatantra
(4) CBSE Science Exhibition (d) These people are scientists and researchers. (3) Sahrdayaloka-Locana
(5) INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for (a) 1 & 2 only (b) 2 & 3 only
Inspired Research) Annual Exhibition 14. Which of the following territories are part of (c) 1 only (d) 1, 2 & 3
(a) 1 & 2 only (b) 1 & 4 only Palestine?
(c) 2 & 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 (a) Gaza Strip (b) West Bank 24. Which organisation declared May 25 as the World
(c) Both of the above (d) None of the above Football Day?
4. Which planet is called the “evil twin” of the Earth? (a) UNSC (b) UNFPA
(a) Mars (b) Venus 15. Alok Shukla is the founder of Hasdeo Aranya (c) UNCTAD (d) UNGA
(c) Uranus (d) Mercury Bachao Sangharsh Samiti. Where is Hasdeo
Aranya located? 25. Where did Cyclone Remal originate?
5. In which of the following modes can an AI agent (a) Jharkhand (b) Odisha (a) Arabian Sea (b) Persian Gulf
understand and answer questions? (c) Chhattisgarh (d) Kerala (c) Indian Ocean (d) Bay of Bengal
(1) Text
(2) Voice 16. A community in Nepal specialises in climbing the 26. What is Pirul?
(3) Image Himalayas, especially the very high peaks such as (a) Dry leaves of pine trees
(a) 1 & 2 only (b) 2 & 3 only Mount Everest. What is the community called? (b) A biodegradable resin
(c) 1 only (d) 1, 2 & 3 only (a) Lepcha (b) Bhutia (c) A flower found in Uttarakhand
(c) Sherpa (d) Bakarwal (d) An insectivorous plant
6. In which country is the Chetumal Bay located?
(a) Mexico (b) Papua New Guinea 17. Which of the following is a fossil fuel? 27. Which language books are awarded the
(c) Indonesia (d) Egypt (a) Natural Gas International Booker Prize?
(b) Biogas derived from cow dung (a) English
7. Electricity is produced when: (c) Biodiesel derived from algae (b) German
(a) Electrons move in a direction (d) Ethanol derived from sugarcane (c) Non-English books translated into English
(b) Neutrons move in a direction (d) Non-German books translated into German
(c) Atoms move in a direction 18. Why are glacial lakes expanding?
(d) Molecules move in a direction (a) Because of the melting of glaciers due to global 28. On which continent are you likely to find the
warming Baobab tree?
8. Who recently won the Grand Prix at the Cannes (b) Because of the construction of dams to store (a) Asia (b) Africa
Film Festival 2024? glacial water more efficiently (c) North America (d) South America
(a) Anasuya Sengupta (c) Because of heavy rainfalls in the mountains
(b) Payal Kapadia (d) None of the above 29. For which of the following are you likely to secure
(c) Chidananda Naik an intellectual property right?
(d) None of the above 19. What does an air capture plant aim to achieve? (a) Land and property
(a) To generate more oxygen for us to breathe (b) Ideas and inventions
9. The river Ahramat is a tributary of which of the (b) To filter dust, PM 2.5, PM 10, and pollen from (c) Vehicles and movable property
following rivers? the air (d) A public library
(a) Jordan River (b) Nile River (c) To create ozone to protect us from UV rays
(c) Oxus River (d) Euphrates River (d) To remove carbon dioxide from the air 30. Which of the following are the potential benefits
of receiving remittances?
10. Which of the following sources are scientists and 20. Which of the following could be the potential side (1) Better support to the family in the home country
historians likely to use to learn about a river that effects of ultra-processed foods? (2) Boosting economies
has disappeared? (1) Heart diseases (3) Higher influx of foreign exchange
(1) Satellite Images (2) Obesity (4) Fall in prices of goods and services
(2) Soil tests (3) Risk of cancer (a) 1, 2 & 3 only
(3) Archaeological evidence (4) Risk of diabetes (b) 2, 3 & 4 only
(a) 1 & 2 only (b) 2 & 3 only (a) 1 & 4 only (b) 2 & 4 only (c) 1 & 4 only
(c) 1 only (d) 1, 2 & 3 only (c) 3 & 4 only (d) All of the above (d) 2 & 4 only

Attempt the quiz and upload it on www.studentedge.in to earn Edge Stars and Exciting Prizes Quiz Code: EDGE0624
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Competitions and Scholarships StudentEdge • JUNE 2024 www.studentedge.in 20
World Handwriting Contest 2024
• Organised By: Kate Gladstone, form through written letters, India’s got
Edge Stars
Handwriting Expert pictographs, symbols, and signs.
• Eligibility: 5 Groups Handwriting forms a bond across
1. Children (age 7 and under) millennia and generations that not only
2. Pre-Teens (ages 8 through 12) ties us to the thoughts and deeds of our
3. Teens (ages 13 through 19) forebears, but also serves as an Winners of April 2024 Month
4. Adults (ages 20 through 64) irrevocable link to our humanity. Neither
5. Seniors (age 65 and over) replace the contribution or continuing machines nor technology can replace
importance of this skill. It has been the contribution or continuing First Prize
• WHAT YOU MUST WRITE: necessary in every age and is just as importance of this inexpensive portable
vital to civilization as our next breath.
Anaya Raghav
FOR CHILDREN THROUGH AGE 12 skill. Necessary in every age, handwriting Class: VII
HANDWRITING: that action of -Michael R. Sull- remains just as vital to the enduring KV Gole Market,
emotion, of thought, and of decision saga of civilization as our next breath. New Delhi
that has recorded the history of mankind, FOR AGES 13 AND OVER -Michael R. Sull-
revealed the genius of invention, and HANDWRITING: that action of • Awards: First and second prizes in 182
disclosed the inmost depths of the emotion, of thought, and of decision each of the above categories and Stars
heart. Handwriting ties us to the that has recorded the history of mankind, subcategories
thoughts and deeds of our forebears revealed the genius of invention, and • Last Date: 30th June 2024
and serves as an irrevocable link to our disclosed the inmost depths of the • More details and Registration:
humanity. No machine or technology can soulful heart. It gives ideas tangible https://tinyurl.com/7ux32dtz Second Prize
Riya Maheshwari
BioArtAttack 2D Embracing Class: VIII
St Conrad’s Inter College,
Our Agra, Uttar Pradesh

Differences 181.5
Stars
Art Contest
• Organised by: Royal Society of Biology, UK 2025
• Eligibility: Three age categories (7-11, 12-14, and 15-18) • Organised by: EMBRACINGOURDIFFERENCES.ORG Third Prize
• Task: • Eligibility: Open to All (separate prizes for students and
1. To draw or paint their favourite animal, plant or fungi adults) Advait Singh
2. The Nancy Rothwell Prize for specimen drawings is a • Theme: “embracing our differences” Class: VIII
subcategory of this competition for two dimensional • Acceptable size and formats: Your original art may be any Little Scholars, Kashipur,
Uttarakhand
specimen drawings, which include labels and size and medium; however, you must create or scan and
descriptions. submit it as a high-resolution (minimum 300 dpi) digital file
(Separate prizes for both competitions) (JPG, JPEG, PDF or PNG). Your digital art must measure no 181
Stars
• Award: For each age group, prizes are awarded for: less than 12.8” (325.12 mm) wide by 8.8” (223.52 mm) high,
• a winner (£50 for the student) or if larger, it must contain the same proportions. All art must
• a winner of the new Nancy Rothwell Prize 2024 (£50 have a HORIZONTAL orientation, as shown below. Visit www.studentedge.in to view
for the student) • Awards: $2,000 each for “Best-in-Show Adult;” “Best-in- Edge Stars earned by you and the list
• Last Date: 30 June, 2024 Show Student;” and the “People’s Choice” award. of consolation prize winners.
• More details and registration: • Last Date: 1 July, 2024
https://tinyurl.com/hb7a8jm4 • More details and registration: https://tinyurl.com/mjsvtdnb

NGFP Young Voices Awards 2024 Attempt the worksheets given in this edition
• Organised by: Teach the Future, USA • Create and submit a short video (maximum 2m of StudentEdge and win exciting Cash Prizes,
• Eligibility: Students 12-17 years of age 30s) about what they would want to do with the Edge Stars and Certificates.
• Award: Young Voices prize. The Video is a pitch addressed
• First: USD $1000 to their community persuading them that this Monthly Prizes
• Second to Fourth: USD $500 project or idea is good or even necessary and First Prize : Rs 1,000
• Six top finalists will be honourably mentioned and giving them reasons for supporting or joining it. Second Prize : Rs 500
recognised Video can be in your native language but please
• Seventeen will be recognised for each UN include English subtitles. Please create new and Third Prize : Rs 300
Sustainable Development Goal. original video and do not upload a news clipping or 10 Consolation Prizes : Rs 100 each
• Task: old video.
• Write a short essay (maximum 400 words) on how • Indicate which of Sustainable Development Goals Annual Prizes
a current project or an intended project will consider (SDGs) their idea would contribute to. First Prize : Rs 10,000
the well-being of others and the future of the planet. • Last Date: 30 June 2024 Second Prize : Rs 5,000
Submissions can be in native language but please • More details and registration:
include English translation. https://tinyurl.com/2d7auv4u Third Prize : Rs 3,000
10 Consolation Prizes : Rs 1,000 each

2024 Youth Eyes National • Eligibility

• Students studying in classes III to XII
on the Silk Roads Automobile • Last Date to submit entries: 20th July 2024

Photo Contest Olympiad • Rules:

• Attempt the worksheets nicely, including the Test

• Organised by: UNESCO

(NAO) 2024 Your Knowledge Quiz.
• You can use additional sheets for descriptive
• Eligibility: Two Categories: 14 to 17 • Organised By: Central Board of Secondary Education & Automotive answers, but a concise and precise answer will
years old and 18 to 25 years old Skill Development Council fetch you more stars.
• Task: This year, the theme of the 6th • Eligibility: Students of classes 6 to 12 • Take a photo and submit your entries on
edition is “Life Celebrations”, inviting • Stages: www.studentedge.in
young photographers to explore and • Qualifying: State/City Level: Online MCQ Format • The winners will be announced in the August
• Relational Finals: Online Quiz 2024 edition of Student Edge. Annual winners
capture the essence of cultural
• National Finals: Quiz in-Person at Delhi will be announced in the May 2025 issue.
celebrations along the historic Silk Roads.
• Benefits and Prizes: • Annual Prizes will be decided based on the total
• Award: In each category For Students: Edge Stars earned in a year and published in the
• First: Professional camera (a) Participate in a national-level competition May edition.
• Second: Semi-professional camera (b) Attractive prizes and rewards • The aim of the competition is to promote original
• Third: Digital camera (c) Explore & learn about career opportunities in the automobile creative thinking in students. Parents are advised
• Last Date: 14 July 2024 industry not to dictate the answers. In case of any doubt,
• More details and registration: (d) Interact with the finest professionals from the industry StudentEdge reserves the right to take an online
• Last Date: 31 July, 2024 interview of the student.
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