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AND

RULER
C S
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POLAR AND NON-POLAR

RULER
C S
MOLECULES
 LESSON 3.1

POLAR AND NONPOLAR

MOLECULES
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1 determine if a molecule is polar and nonpolar
given its structure;

2 solve electronegativity difference and

differentiate each type of molecules as polar
and nonpolar; and
3 cite an application of types of molecules in our
everyday lives.
WHAT IS GEOMETRY MOLECULES?
It is a three-dimensional structure or
arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
It is very important in
understanding the physical and
chemical behavior of substances.
One of the most important
effects of molecular geometry is
molecular polarity.
Molecules of compounds are formed by chemical bonds.
Bonds are either IONIC when they occur between a
metal and nonmetal
COVALENT when they occur between
nonmetals
The two types of bonding, ionic and covalent
bonding, are at the two extremes of the
bonding spectrum. They are called POLAR OR POLAR
COVALENT BONDS.
POLAR COVALENT
is a molecule that has a charge on
one side of the molecule, that is
not cancelled out. It has a region
of partial charge. One end is
slightly positive one end is slightly
negative. They are generally
asymmetrical, with an uneven
distribution of the electrons.
 EXAMPLE OF POLAR
Is water a polar molecule?
 EXAMPLE OF POLAR
Is water a polar molecule?

Yes, because of the bent non-

symmetrical shape of the molecule.
More of the electrons are attracted to
the oxygen atoms, resulting in a net
charge.
 NONPOLAR COVALENT
there are no positive or negative poles
formed in the molecule. Any charges are
distributed evenly across the molecule.
Nonpolar molecules are generally
symmetrical, like the tetrahedral molecule
carbon tetrachloride. Another example is
boron trifluoride, which is trigonal planar. In
symmetrical molecules, the dipole charges
cancel out.
EXAMPLE OF NONPOLAR
Is Carbon Dioxide polar?
EXAMPLE OF NONPOLAR
Is Carbon Dioxide polar?

No, CO2 is not polar, even though

the bonds are polar. Because of the
linear symmetry of the molecule,
the negative charges around the
oxygen atoms cancel out.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
It is the ability of an
atom to draw shared
electrons toward itself. It
has an important role in the
formation of molecules. It
determines the electron
density of the shared
electrons or the place
where the electrons spend
most of their time.
GUIDELINES IN DISTINGUISHING AMONG THE THREE TYPES OF BONDS
Type of Bonds Description of Bond Difference in Electronegativity
neutral atom held together by 0.5 or lower
pure covalent bond equally shared electrons (generally considered nonpolar)
partially charged atoms held
In between 0.6 and 2.0
polar covalent bond together by unequally shared
(generally considered polar)
electrons
oppositely charged ions held 2.1 or higher
ionic bond together by electrostatic attraction (generally considered ionic)
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Given the following electronegatives:
Cl = 3.0 F = 4.0 Cs = 0.7 Br = 2.8 C = 2.5

Determine the type of bond in the following substances:

1. F2
2. CsBr
3. CCl4
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Given the following electronegatives:
Cl = 3.0 F = 4.0 Cs = 0.7 Br = 2.8 C = 2.5

Determine the type of bond in the following substances:

1. F2 electronegativity difference = 4-4 = 0 (nonpolar)
2. CsBr
3. CCl4
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Given the following electronegatives:
Cl = 3.0 F = 4.0 Cs = 0.7 Br = 2.8 C = 2.5

Determine the type of bond in the following substances:

1. F2 electronegativity difference = 4-4 = 0 (nonpolar)
2. CsBr electronegativity difference = 2.8-0.7 = 2.1 (ionic)
3. CCl4
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Given the following electronegatives:
Cl = 3.0 F = 4.0 Cs = 0.7 Br = 2.8 C = 2.5

Determine the type of bond in the following substances:

1. F2 electronegativity difference = 4-4 = 0 (nonpolar)
2. CsBr electronegativity difference = 2.8-0.7 = 2.1 (ionic)
3. CCl4 electronegativity difference = 3-2.5 = 0.5 (nonpolar)
Name: Date:
Grade: Subject:

Given the following electronegatives:

Cl = 3.0 F = 4.0 Cs = 0.7 Br = 2.8 C = 2.5
H = 2.1 Li = 1.0 K = 0.8 F = 4.0 Mg = 1.2
Na = 0.9 Zn = 1.7 Cl = 3.0 Al = 1.5 P = 2.1
N = 3.0 Br = 2.8 O = 3.5 S = 2.5
GUIDELINES IN DISTINGUISHING AMONG THE THREE TYPES OF BONDS
Type of Bonds Description of Bond Difference in Electronegativity
neutral atom held together by 0.5 or lower
pure covalent bond equally shared electrons (generally considered nonpolar)
partially charged atoms held
In between 0.6 and 2.0
polar covalent bond together by unequally shared
(generally considered polar)
electrons
oppositely charged ions held 2.1 or higher
ionic bond together by electrostatic attraction (generally considered ionic)
THANK YOU!