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(Ebook PDF) A+ Guide To Hardware 6Th Edition

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iv Table of Contents

How to Upgrade Memory.................................. 173 Touch Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258


How Much Memory Do I Need and KVM Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
How Much Is Currently Installed? . . . . . . . 173 Installing and Configuring Adapter Cards .......... 260
How Many and What Kind of Memory Sound Cards and Onboard Sound . . . . . . . . . 265
Modules Are Currently Installed?. . . . . . . . 175 TV Tuner and Video Capture Cards . . . . . . . . 266
How Many and What Kind of Modules Supporting the Video Subsystem ...................... 268
Can Fit on My Motherboard? . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Monitor Technologies and Features . . . . . . . 268
How Do I Select and Purchase the Video Cards and Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Right Memory Modules? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Changing Monitor Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
How Do I Install the New Modules? . . . . . . . 182 Video Memory and Windows 7/Vista . . . . . . . 280
Supporting Storage Devices .............................. 282
File Systems Used by Storage Devices . . . . . . 282
CHAPTER 5 Standards Used by Optical Drives and Discs . . .284
Installing an Optical Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Supporting Hard Drives . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Solid-State Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Hard Drive Technologies and Interface
Standards .................................................... 190
Technologies Used Inside a Hard Drive . . . . . 190 CHAPTER 7
Interface Standards Used by a Hard Drive . . . 193
How to Select and Install Hard Drives ............... 204 Satisfying Customer Needs . . . . . . . . . 301
Selecting a Hard Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Job Roles and Responsibilities .......................... 302
Steps to Install a Serial ATA Drive . . . . . . . . 205
Certification and Professional
Steps to Configure and Install a Parallel
Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
ATA Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Record-keeping and Information Tools . . . . . 305
Setting Up Hardware RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
What Customers Want: Beyond
About Tape Drives and Floppy Drives ................ 228
Technical Know-how..................................... 306
Installing Tape Drives and Selecting
Planning for Good Service ................................ 310
Tape Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Initial Contact with a Customer . . . . . . . . . . 311
Installing a Floppy Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Interview the Customer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Set and Meet Customer Expectations . . . . . . 314
Working with a Customer on Site . . . . . . . . . 315
CHAPTER 6 Working with a Customer on the Phone . . . . 316
Dealing with Difficult Customers . . . . . . . . . 318
Supporting I/O
The Customer Decides When the
and Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Work Is Done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Basic Principles for Supporting Devices ............. 238 Sometimes You Must Escalate a Problem . . . . 322
Using the Action Center and The Job Isn’t Finished until the
Device Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Paperwork Is Done. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Ports and Wireless Connections Used Working with Co-workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
by Peripheral Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Dealing with Prohibited Content and Activity .... 328
Installing I/O Peripheral Devices ...................... 250 Customizing Computer Systems ........................ 329
Mouse or Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Graphics or CAD/CAM Workstation . . . . . . . . 330
Barcode Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Audio and Video Editing Workstation . . . . . . 332
Biometric Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Virtualization Workstation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Digital Cameras and Camcorders . . . . . . . . . . 254 Gaming PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Webcams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Home Theater PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Graphics Tablets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Home Server PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
MIDI Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Thick Client and Thin Client . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
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Table of Contents v

CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 10
Troubleshooting Hardware Networking Types, Devices,
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 and Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
How to Approach a Hardware Problem .............. 346 Network Types and Topologies.......................... 464
Troubleshooting the Electrical System ............... 352 Network Technologies Used for Internet
Problems That Come and Go . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Power Problems with the Motherboard . . . . . 356 Hardware Used by Local Networks..................... 476
Problems with Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Wired and Wireless Network Adapters . . . . . . 476
Troubleshooting POST before Video Is Active ..... 363 Dial-up Modems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
Troubleshooting Error Messages during Switches and Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
the Boot ..................................................... 364 Wireless Access Points and Bridges. . . . . . . . 484
Troubleshooting the Motherboard, Other Network Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Processor, and RAM ...................................... 366 Ethernet Cables and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . 486
Problems with Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Setting Up and Troubleshooting Network Wiring ... 491
Troubleshooting Hard Drives ............................ 376 Tools Used by Network Technicians . . . . . . . 492
Troubleshooting Monitors and Video ................. 380 How Twisted-pair Cables and
Protecting a Computer and the Environment ..... 388 Connectors Are Wired. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Physically Protect Your Equipment . . . . . . . . 388
Document Preventive Maintenance. . . . . . . . 392
How to Dispose of Used Equipment . . . . . . . 393 CHAPTER 11
Supporting Notebooks . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
CHAPTER 9 Special Considerations when Supporting
Notebooks ................................................... 514
Connecting to and Setting
Warranty Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
Up a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Service Manuals and Other Sources
Understanding TCP/IP and Windows of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Networking.................................................. 402 Diagnostic Tools Provided by
Layers of Network Communication . . . . . . . . 402 Manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
How IP Addresses Get Assigned . . . . . . . . . . 406 The OEM Operating System Build . . . . . . . . . 520
How IPv4 IP Addresses Are Used . . . . . . . . . 407 Maintaining Notebooks and Notebook
How IPv6 IP Addresses Are Used . . . . . . . . . 412 Components ................................................ 523
View IP Address Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Special Keys, Buttons, and Input
Character-Based Names Identify Devices on a Notebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
Computers and Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 PCMCIA and ExpressCard Slots . . . . . . . . . . . 527
TCP/IP Protocol Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Updating Port or Slot Drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Connecting a Computer to a Network ................ 423 Power and Electrical Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Connect to a Wired Network . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Power Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Connect to a Wireless Network. . . . . . . . . . . 428 Port Replicators and Docking Stations . . . . . 536
Connect to a Wireless WAN (Cellular) Replacing and Upgrading Internal Parts ............ 539
Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 Three Approaches to Dealing with
Create a Dial-up Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 a Broken Internal Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
Setting Up a Multifunction Router for a Upgrading Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
SOHO Network ............................................. 441 Replacing a Hard Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
Functions of a SOHO Router . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Disassembling and Reassembling a
Install and Configure the Router on Notebook Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 Working Inside an All-in-one Computer . . . . 567

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
vi Table of Contents

Troubleshooting Notebooks .............................. 571 Cleaning a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610


Problems Logging onto Windows . . . . . . . . . 571 Printer Maintenance Kits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
No Wireless Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 Upgrade the Printer Memory or
Power or Battery Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 Hard Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
No Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 Print Servers and the Print
Flickering, Dim, or Otherwise Poor Video . . . 575 Management Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
Troubleshooting Printers.................................. 622
Printer Does Not Print. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
CHAPTER 12 Poor Print Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634

Supporting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581


Printer Types and Features............................... 582 APPENDIX A
Printer Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Keystroke Shortcuts in Windows . . . . 643
Types of Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Using Windows to Install, Share, and
Manage Printers ........................................... 591 APPENDIX B
Installing a Local or Network Printer . . . . . . 593
Sharing an Installed Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 CompTIA A+ Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Installing a Shared Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
Managing Printer Features and
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Add-on Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Managing the Printer Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
Printer Maintenance and Upgrades.................... 608 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Online Support for Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives
Mapped to Chapters
A+ Guide to Hardware and A+ Guide to Software when used together fully meet all of the CompTIA A+
exams objectives. If the A+ exam objective is covered in the corresponding textbook, it is referenced in the
Page Numbers column.
DOMAIN 1.0 PC HARDWARE

1.1 Configure and apply BIOS settings.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Install firmware upgrades – flash BIOS 3 106–126
BIOS component information 3 106–126
• RAM 3 106–126
• Hard drive 3 106–126
• Optical drive 3 106–126
• CPU 3 106–126
BIOS configurations 3 106–126
• Boot sequence 3 106–126
• Enabling and disabling devices 3 106–126
• Date/time 3 106–126
• Clock speeds 3 106–126
• Virtualization support 3 106–126
„ BIOS security (passwords, drive encryption: TPM,
lo-jack) 3 106–126
Use built-in diagnostics 3 106–126
Monitoring 3 106–126
• Temperature monitoring 3 106–126
• Fan speeds 3 106–126
• Intrusion detection/notification 3 106–126
• Voltage 3 106–126
• Clock 3 106–126
• Bus speed 3 106–126

1.2 Differentiate between motherboard components, their purposes, and properties.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Sizes 3 82–106, 125–131
• ATX 3 82–106, 125–131
• Micro-ATX 3 82–106, 125–131
• ITX 3 82–106, 125–131
Expansion slots 3 82–106, 125–131
• PCI 3 82–106, 125–131
• PCI-X 3 82–106, 125–131
• PCIe 3 82–106, 125–131
• miniPCI 3 82–106, 125–131
• AGP2x, 4x, 8x 3 82–106, 125–131
RAM slots 4 162–184
CPU sockets 3 82–106, 125–131
Chipsets 3 82–106, 125–131
• North Bridge 3 82–106, 125–131
• South Bridge 3 82–106, 125–131
• CMOS battery 3 82–106, 125–131

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
viii CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives Mapped to Chapters

Jumpers 3 82–106, 125–131


Power connections and types 3 82–106, 125–131
Fan connectors 3 82–106, 125–131
Front panel connectors 2 46–67
• USB 2 46–67
• Audio 2 46–67
• Power button 2 46–67
• Power light 2 46–67
• Drive activity lights 2 46–67
• Reset button 2 46–67
Bus speeds 3 82–106, 125–131

1.3 Compare and contrast RAM types and features.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Types 4 162–184
• DDR 4 162–184
• DDR2 4 162–184
• DDR3 4 162–184
• SDRAM 4 162–184
• SODIMM 4 162–184
• RAMBUS 4 162–184
• DIMM 4 162–184
• Parity vs. non-parity 4 162–184
• ECC vs. non-ECC 4 162–184
• RAM configurations 4 162–184
„ Single channel vs. dual channel vs. triple channel 4 162–184
• Single sided vs. double sided 4 162–184
RAM compatibility and speed 4 162–184

1.4 Install and configure expansion cards.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Sound cards 6 260–282
Video cards 6 260–282
Network cards 10 476–482
Serial and parallel cards 6 260–282
USB cards 6 260–282
Firewire cards 6 260–282
Storage cards 5 220–227
Modem cards 10 476–482
Wireless/cellular cards 10 476–482
TV tuner cards 6 260–282
Video capture cards 6 260–282
Riser cards 3 101

1.5 Install and configure storage devices and use appropriate media.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Optical drives 6 238–293
• CD-ROM 6 238–293
• DVD-ROM 6 238–293
• Blu-Ray 6 238–293

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives Mapped to Chapters ix

Combo drives and burners 6 238–293


• CD-RW 6 238–293
• DVD-RW 6 238–293
• Dual Layer DVD-RW 6 238–293
• BD-R 6 238–293
• BD-RE 6 238–293
Connection types 6 238–293
• External 6 238–293
„ USB 6 238–293
„ Firewire 6 238–293
„ eSATA 5 190–232
„ Ethernet 6 238–293
• Internal SATA, IDE and SCSI 5 190–232
„ IDE configuration and setup (Master, 5 190–232
Slave, Cable Select)
„ SCSI IDs (0 – 15) 5 190–232
• Hot swappable drives 5 190–232
Hard drives 5 190–232
• Magnetic 5 190–232
• 5400 rpm 5 190–232
• 7200 rpm 5 190–232
• 10,000 rpm 5 190–232
• 15,000 rpm 5 190–232
Solid state/flash drives 5 190–232
• Compact flash 6 238–293
• SD 6 238–293
• Micro-SD 6 238–293
• Mini-SD 6 238–293
• xD 6 238–293
• SSD 5 190–232
RAID types 5 190–232
•0 5 190–232
•1 5 190–232
•5 5 190–232
• 10 5 190–232
Floppy drive 5 190–232
Tape drive 5 190–232
Media capacity 6 238–293
• CD 6 238–293
• CD-RW 6 238–293
• DVD-RW 6 238–293
• DVD 6 238–293
• Blu-Ray 6 238–293
• Tape 5 190–232
• Floppy 5 190–232
• DL DVD 6 238–293

1.6 Differentiate among various CPU types and features and select the appropriate cooling method.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Socket types 3 84–89
• Intel: LGA, 775, 1155, 1156, 1366 3 84–89
• AMD: 940, AM2, AM2+, AM3, AM3+, FM1, F 3 84–89

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
x CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives Mapped to Chapters

Characteristics 4 138–162
• Speeds 4 138–162
• Cores 4 138–162
• Cache size/type 4 138–162
• Hyperthreading 4 138–162
• Virtualization support 4 138–162
• Architecture (32-bit vs. 64-bit) 4 138–162
• Integrated GPU 4 138–162
Cooling 2 67–73
• Heat sink 2 67–73
• Fans 2 67–73
• Thermal paste 2 67–73
• Liquid-based 2 67–73

1.7 Compare and contrast various connection interfaces and explain their purpose.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Physical connections
• USB 1.1 vs. 2.0 vs. 3.0 speed and distance characteristics 6 238–293
„ Connector types: A, B, mini, micro 6 238–293
• Firewire 400 vs. Firewire 800 speed and distance
characteristics 6 238–293
• SATA1 vs. SATA2 vs. SATA3, eSATA, IDE speeds 5 190–204
• Other connector types 1 2–5
„ Serial 1 2–5
„ Parallel 1 2–5
„ VGA 1 2–5
„ HDMI 1 2–5
„ DVI 1 2–5
„ Audio 1 2–5
„ RJ-45 1 2–5
„ RJ-11 1 2–5
• Analog vs. digital transmission 1 2–5
„ VGA vs. HDMI 1 2–5
Speeds, distances and frequencies of wireless device
connections 6 238–293
• Bluetooth 6 238–293
• IR 6 238–293
• RF 6 238–293

1.8 Install an appropriate power supply based on a given scenario.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Connector types and their voltages 1 2–23
• SATA 1 2–23
• Molex 1 2–23
• 4/8-pin 12v 1 2–23
• PCIe 6/8-pin 1 2–23
• 20-pin 1 2–23
• 24-pin 1 2–23
• Floppy 1 2–23
Specifications 2 73–77
• Wattage 2 73–77

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives Mapped to Chapters xi

•Size 2 73–77
•Number of connectors 2 73–77
•ATX 1 2–23
•Micro-ATX 1 2–23
Dual voltage options 1 2–23

1.9 Evaluate and select appropriate components for a custom


configuration, to meet customer specifications or needs.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Graphic / CAD / CAM design workstation 7 329–339
• Powerful processor 7 329–339
• High-end video 7 329–339
• Maximum RAM 7 329–339
Audio/Video editing workstation 7 329–339
• Specialized audio and video card 7 329–339
• Large fast hard drive 7 329–339
• Dual monitors 7 329–339
Virtualization workstation 7 329–339
• Maximum RAM and CPU cores 7 329–339
Gaming PC 7 329–339
• Powerful processor 7 329–339
• High-end video/specialized GPU 7 329–339
• Better sound card 7 329–339
• High-end cooling 7 329–339
Home Theater PC 7 329–339
• Surround sound audio 7 329–339
• HDMI output 7 329–339
• HTPC compact form factor 7 329–339
• TV tuner 7 329–339
Standard thick client 7 329–339
• Desktop applications 7 329–339
• Meets recommended requirements for
running Windows 7 329–339
Thin client 7 329–339
• Basic applications 7 329–339
• Meets minimum requirements for running Windows 7 329–339
Home Server PC 7 329–339
• Media streaming 7 329–339
• File sharing 7 329–339
• Print sharing 7 329–339
• Gigabit NIC 7 329–339
• RAID array 7 329–339

1.10 Given a scenario, evaluate types and features of display devices.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Types 6 238–293
• CRT 6 238–293
• LCD 6 238–293
• LED 6 238–293
• Plasma 6 238–293
• Projector 6 238–293
• OLED 6 238–293

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xii CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives Mapped to Chapters

Refresh rates 6 238–293


Resolution 6 238–293
Native resolution 6 238–293
Brightness/lumens 6 238–293
Analog vs. digital 6 238–293
Privacy/antiglare filters 6 238–293
Multiple displays 6 238–293

1.11 Identify connector types and associated cables.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Display connector types 6 268–282
• DVI-D 6 268–282
• DVI-I 6 268–282
• DVI-A 6 268–282
• Displayport 1 2–5
• RCA 6 268–282
• DB-15 1 2–5
• BNC 10 476–490
• miniHDMI 6 268–282
• RJ-45 10 476–506
• miniDin-6 6 268–282
Display cable types 6 268–282
• HDMI 6 268–282
• DVI 6 268–282
• VGA 6 268–282
• Component 6 268–282
• Composite 6 268–282
• S-video 6 268–282
• RGB 6 268–282
• Coaxial 10 476–490
• Ethernet 10 476–490
Device connectors and pin arrangements 5 190–204
• SATA 5 190–204
• eSATA 6 238–293
• PATA 5 190–204
„ IDE 5 190–204
„ EIDE 5 190–204
• Floppy 5 228–232
• USB 6 238–293
• IEE1394 1 2–5
• SCSI 5 190–204
• PS/2 1 2–5
• Parallel 1 2–5
• Serial 1 2–5
• Audio 1 2–5
• RJ-45 10 476–506
Device cable types
• SATA 5 190–204
• eSATA 6 238–293
• IDE 5 190–204

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives Mapped to Chapters xiii

• EIDE 5 190–204
• Floppy 5 228–232
• USB 6 238–293
• IEE1394 6 238–293
• SCSI 5 190–204
„ 68pin vs. 50pin vs. 25pin 5 190–204
• Parallel 12 596–602
• Serial 6 238–293
• Ethernet 10 476–506
• Phone 10 476–490

1.12 Install and configure various peripheral devices.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Input devices 6 238–282
• Mouse 6 238–282
• Keyboard 6 238–282
• Touch screen 6 238–282
• Scanner 6 238–282
• Barcode reader 6 238–282
• KVM 6 238–282
• Microphone 6 238–282
• Biometric devices 6 238–282
• Game pads 6 238–282
• Joysticks 6 238–282
• Digitizer 6 238–282
Multimedia devices 6 238–282
• Digital cameras 6 238–282
• Microphone 6 238–282
• Webcam 6 238–282
• Camcorder 6 238–282
• MIDI enabled devices 6 238–282
Output devices 6 238–282
• Printers 12 591–608
• Speakers 6 238–282
• Display devices 6 238–282

DOMAIN 2.0 NETWORKING

2.1 Identify types of network cables and connectors.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Fiber 10 476–506
• Connectors: SC, ST and LC 10 476–506
Twisted Pair 10 476–506
• Connectors: RJ-11, RJ-45 10 476–506
• Wiring standards: T568A, T568B 10 476–506
Coaxial 10 476–506
• Connectors: BNC, F-connector 10 476–506

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xiv CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives Mapped to Chapters

2.2 Categorize characteristics of connectors and cabling.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Fiber 10 476–490
• Types (single-mode vs. multi-mode) 10 476–490
• Speed and transmission limitations 10 476–490
Twisted pair 10 476–490
• Types: STP, UTP, CAT3, CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6, 10 476–490
plenum, PVC
• Speed and transmission limitations 10 476–490
Coaxial 10 476–490
• Types: RG-6, RG-59 10 476–490
• Speed and transmission limitations 10 476–490

2.3 Explain properties and characteristics of TCP/IP.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


IP class 9 402–415
• Class A 9 402–415
• Class B 9 402–415
• Class C 9 402–415
IPv4 vs. IPv6 9 402–415
Public vs. private vs. APIPA 9 402–415
Static vs. dynamic 9 402–415
Client-side DNS 9 402–415
DHCP 9 402–415
Subnet mask 9 402–415
Gateway 9 402–415

2.4 Explain common TCP and UDP ports, protocols,


and their purpose.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Ports 9 415–423
• 21 – FTP 9 415–423
• 23 – TELNET 9 415–423
• 25 – SMTP 9 415–423
• 53 – DNS 9 415–423
• 80 – HTTP 9 415–423
• 110 – POP3 9 415–423
• 143 – IMAP 9 415–423
• 443 – HTTPS 9 415–423
• 3389 – RDP 9 415–423
Protocols 9 415–423
• DHCP 9 415–423
• DNS 9 415–423
• LDAP 9 415–423
• SNMP 9 415–423
• SMB 9 415–423
• SSH 9 415–423
• SFTP 9 415–423
TCP vs. UDP 9 415–423

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives Mapped to Chapters xv

2.5 Compare and contrast wireless networking standards


and encryption types.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Standards 9 452–456
• 802.11 a/b/g/n 9 452–456
• Speeds, distances, and frequencies 9 452–456
Encryption types 9 452–456
• WEP, WPA, WPA2, TKIP, AES 9 452–456

2.6 Install, configure, and deploy a SOHO wireless/wired


router using appropriate settings.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


MAC filtering 9 441–456
Channels (1 – 11) 9 441–456
Port forwarding, port triggering 9 441–456
SSID broadcast (on/off) 9 441–456
Wireless encryption 9 441–456
Firewall 9 441–456
DHCP (on/off) 9 441–456
DMZ 9 441–456
NAT 9 441–456
WPS 9 441–456
Basic QoS 9 441–456

2.7 Compare and contrast Internet connection types and features.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Cable 10 464–476
DSL 10 464–476
Dial-up 10 464–476
Fiber 10 464–476
Satellite 10 464–476
ISDN 10 464–476
Cellular (mobile hotspot) 10 464–476
Line of sight wireless internet service 10 464–476
WiMAX 10 464–476

2.8 Identify various types of networks.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


LAN 10 464–476
WAN 10 464–476
PAN 10 464–476
MAN 10 464–476
Topologies 10 464–476
• Mesh 10 464–476
• Ring 10 464–476
• Bus 10 464–476
• Star 10 464–476
• Hybrid 10 464–476

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xvi CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives Mapped to Chapters

2.9 Compare and contrast network devices their functions and features.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Hub 10 476–490
Switch 10 476–490
Router 10 476–490
Access point 10 476–490
Bridge 10 476–490
Modem 10 476–490
NAS 10 476–490
Firewall 10 476–490
VoIP phones 10 476–490
Internet appliance 10 476–490

2.10 Given a scenario, use appropriate networking tools.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Crimper 10 491–506
Multimeter 10 491–506
Toner probe 10 491–506
Cable tester 10 491–506
Loopback plug 10 491–506
Punchdown tool 10 491–506

DOMAIN 3.0 LAPTOPS

3.1 Install and configure laptop hardware and components.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Expansion options 11 523–571
• Express card /34 11 523–571
• Express card /54 11 523–571
• PCMCIA 11 523–571
• SODIMM 11 523–571
• Flash 11 523–571
Hardware/device replacement 11 523–571
• Keyboard 11 523–571
• Hard Drive (2.5 vs. 3.5) 11 523–571
• Memory 11 523–571
• Optical drive 11 523–571
• Wireless card 11 523–571
• Mini-PCIe 11 523–571
• screen 11 523–571
• DC jack 11 523–571
• Battery 11 523–571
• Touchpad 11 523–571
• Plastics 11 523–571
• Speaker 11 523–571
• System board 11 523–571
• CPU 11 523–571

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CompTIA A+ 220-801 Exam, 2012 Edition Examination Objectives Mapped to Chapters xvii

3.2 Compare and contrast the components within the display of a laptop.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Types 11 564–567
• LCD 11 564–567
• LED 11 564–567
• OLED 11 564–567
• Plasma 11 564–567
Wi-Fi antenna connector/placement 11 564–567
Inverter and its function 11 564–567
Backlight 11 564–567

3.3 Compare and contrast laptop features.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Special function keys 11 514–538
• Dual displays 11 514–538
• Wireless (on/off) 11 514–538
• Volume settings 11 514–538
• Screen brightness 11 514–538
• Bluetooth (on/off) 11 514–538
• Keyboard backlight 11 514–538
Docking station vs. port replicator 11 514–538
Physical laptop lock and cable lock 11 514–538

DOMAIN 4.0 PRINTERS

4.1 Explain the differences between the various printer types


and summarize the associated imaging process.

OBJECTIVES CHAPTER PAGE NUMBERS


Laser 12 582–591
• Imaging drum, fuser assembly, transfer belt,
transfer roller, pickup rollers, separate pads,
duplexing assembly 12 582–591
• Imaging process: processing, charging, exposing,
developing, transferring, fusing and cleaning 12 582–591
Inkjet 12 582–591
• Ink cartridge, print head, roller, feeder, duplexing
assembly, carriage and belt 12 582–591
• Calibration 12 582–591
Thermal 12 582–591
• Feed assembly, heating element 12 582–591
• Special thermal paper 12 582–591
Impact 12 582–591
12 582–591
• Print head, ribbon, tractor feed 12 582–591
• Impact paper 12 582–591

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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
was changing from gray to red, and lava began to show up, black
and glowering under the horses’ hoofs.
It was sharp and chilly in the dark before dawn when Big John
roused out the camp next morning. “Now, fellers, we’ll water for the
last time at Wall’s Well by sun-up, an’ then make a long pull through
the gap in the Growlers, which-same brings us to Represa Tanks on
the Camino del Diablo. You-all hev never been thar, an’ hev no idee
what it’s like, but the Spaniards told the truth, fer once, when they
named it the Road of the Devil. Thar’s always water in Represa, an’
from thare we kin work out to Cerro Colorado, the first of them
extinct volcanoes. If Red Mesa’s twenty mile northeast of Pinacate,
as that pottery slate says, you’ll see her from thar.”
The horses, freshened and invigorated with grass feed and the cool
of night, led off spiritedly, all four riding together in a bunch. In two
hours more the sky began to lighten in the east and then a shaft of
red sunlight struck into living fire the top of a mountain that rose
ahead of them, solitary and shrouded like a monk—Montezuma’s
Head. Sid held his breath in wonderment, to see the red bath of
color spread down the flanks of that huge and imposing presence,
widening and broadening its base with color, bringing out the vivid
green posts of saguarros, the dark greens of creosote, and the white
patches of barrel cactus wrapped in their dense mantles of thorns.
They were in the heart of the giant cactus country now. The floor of
the desert was dotted all over with them. Everywhere their weird
candelabra shapes stood like sentinels, upholding bent and
contorted arms, notes of bright green on a gray and pale green
waste.
As they rode nearer, Sid raised a shout of discovery. “First organ pipe
cactus!” he whooped, pointing excitedly. “See it? Up yonder on the
hill!”
Out of a cleft in the rock rose a nest of what seemed to be tall and
crooked green horns, bunched together like some coral growth of
the depths of the sea. A queer plant, but all this country was filled
with these dry-soil and water-storing species, and nature did queer
things with them to make them able to survive.
Under the towering ramparts of Montezuma’s Head the horses were
watered and canteens were filled. The wide flat stretch of arboreal
desert across to the Growlers lay before them. It would be twenty
miles of riding in the hot sun. Extra bags of feed were bought and
hung over the saddle bows before they started, and from a lone
cowman, an old settler who had come here for peace and quiet, Big
John borrowed a five-gallon canvas water bag.
That “valley” was a flat stage floor, surrounded by an amphitheater
of bare, granite mountains. They rose all about them, interminable
distances away. Yet every mile of that crossing proved interesting,
for the boys never grew tired of studying this abundant desert plant
life. Saguarros in troops and regiments marched up and over the
ridges or filled in the foregrounds of mesquite and palo verde at
appropriate intervals. Patches of galleta grass that simply could not
be ignored invited the horses to a step and a munch of fodder.
Gambel’s quail ran through the bushes in droves and caused many a
chase and much popping of the small six-shooters that the boys
carried. An occasional road runner darted through the creosotes,
long-legged and long-tailed. Desert wrens sang from the white
choyas where their nests lay adroitly concealed from predatory
hawks. It was high noon before the Growler mountains were
reached. They rose abruptly out of the plain, so very steep and
sudden that Scotty was convinced that the foothills that properly
belong to all mountains must lay buried in the sand underneath the
horses’ hoofs. A minute before, the cavalcade had been trotting
easily across a table-land like a hall floor; in the next step the horses
were laboring up a steep and rocky trail that raised them higher and
higher with each step.
At an elevation of some eight hundred feet they paused in a gap
that broke through to the west and the party spied out the land
spread out like a map below. Red and jagged mountains rose across
the flat valley of a red and scowling land below them. A blue haze
enveloped it all, out of which rose dark purple cones of extinct
volcanoes, hundreds of them. It all seemed a black and purple mass
of peaked hills, devoid of vegetation, sizzling in the sun. “Petrified
hell,” Big John had well named it!
As they looked, the haze of vapors shifted slowly, and out of the far
distances appeared for a brief while a faint line of higher mountains,
culminating in a couple of smooth and wrinkly teeth etched faintly
against the blue.
“That’s old Pinacate, boys,” said Big John. “Look hard at her; for you
won’t see her again for a long while yet.”
“Pinacate or bust!” said Sid solemnly. “Red Mesa must be
somewhere between here and it, then, John, since we are now due
northeast of the old boy.”
“Mebbe,” retorted Big John, shaking his head. “Search me! If thar’s a
mesa, such as we have up in the Hopi country, anywhere down hyar
—I’ll eat it! Hey, Niltci!”
The Navaho youth grunted negatively. He had the keenest eyes of
them all. If there was a mesa, such as he was familiar with in his
own country, he would have been the first to spy it out and exclaim
over it.
“Welp! Let’s get movin’,” said Big John. “Thar’s a leetle tank
somewhere down this trail, ef she ain’t gone dry. She don’t last long
after the rains in this country.”
He and Niltci started on down the granite, but Sid and Scotty tarried
to look out once more over this lava land, iron-bound and torrid in
the heat of midday.
“Lord, what a country!” exclaimed Scotty, dejectedly. He was
disturbed to find himself frankly afraid of it. Nothing here to exercise
his constructive engineering instincts upon! Nothing—but Death!
“To me it’s a challenge,” retorted Sid brightly. “It’s still another mood
of grand old Dame Nature, of whose wonders there is no end! She
cares nothing at all for Man; but each new aspect of her is a
challenge to him to stay alive, if he dare. Doctor Hornaday”—Sid
pronounced the name with all the fervor of boyish hero-worship
—“he dared this country once, and discovered that mountain sheep
and antelope had a refuge here. Those granite mountains across
from us to the north of Pinacate are named after him. This lava
looks good to me, for it makes a game sanctuary of this country
forever. Except for your sake, old man, I’d rather there never was a
Red Mesa mine.”
Scotty shrugged his shoulders impatiently. He was fast falling into a
mood that had often been fatal to him before, that of trying to rush
a thing through, jumping to a conclusion on presumptive evidence
and then acting on that conclusion immediately, without trying out
that homely old remedy known as “sticking around a bit.”
“Well, le’s push through to Cerro Colorado and have it over with,
Sid,” he urged. “If there’s no Red Mesa, the sooner we find it out
and get away the better.”
But by nightfall they had reached only Represa Tank. It was an
enormous run that their tired horses had made, for that hot country,
had Scotty’s impatience only admitted it. The tank was a muddy little
hole with a small oasis of grass and a grove of mesquites
surrounding it. Near by was the famous Camino del Diablo, the
thirst-haunted road to Yuma, one hundred and thirty miles away to
the west—all dry desert travel. Big John and the boys sauntered out
to look at it after supper. Up through a gap in two red lava hills led
the old trail, a sure-enough road, as good (or bad) as the day it was
made. Looking southeast behind them, the thing lost itself in the
bushes of the Tule Desert. Why or when it had been built, the boys
had no idea.
Big John regarded it solemnly for a while. “Injuns, Greasers,
prospectors an’ sodjers—they all had a purple time of it along this
trail, boys!” he exclaimed. “More’n four hundred people hev died
along this Camino del Diablo, of thirst, exhaustion, an’ jist plumb
discouragement.”
Scotty shook his head ruefully. “Let’s make a break for that Cerro
Colorado hill to-morrow, John,” he urged. “It’s about twenty miles
northeast of Pinacate, so Red Mesa can’t be more than five miles
from it and directly between it and Pinacate. Ought to be a cinch to
find it, if that plaque is O. K. And, if we don’t, we’ll clear out, pronto,
and waste no more time on it, eh?”
“I’ve never climbed Red Hill myself, son,” said Big John. “But as for
clearin’ out—we cayn’t! Not yet awhile.”
Sid grinned delightedly. “How come?” he asked, all interest.
“What think? Ef four men goes to chowin’ man’s food, in alligator-
sized doses like you boys hev been doin’ for the last four days, how
long d’ye suppose three skins of pemmican will last?” asked Big John
sardonically. “We’re almost out of meat, boys. We’ll try Cerro
Colorado to-morrow, an’ then, Red Mesa or no Red Mesa, we rolls
our freight for them Hornaday mountains whar thar’s mountain
sheep an’ antelope. Shoot or starve—that’s us, old-timer!”
“Suits me!” caroled Sid. “We’ve got to stock up before we start back,
eh? Well—what did we bring Ruler and Blaze along for, anyhow!” he
demanded enthusiastically.
Scotty was silent as they went back to camp. He was silent, too, and
anxious all through the ride to Cerro Colorado next morning. Face to
face with the reality, with these vast fields of scowling lava, with the
dry and level plains of endless creosote bushes, with these parched
and stunted bisangas, choyas, and saguarros, his dream shriveled
and faded. A mine! Here, in all this five hundred square miles of
barren lava! A railroad to it! How cross the grim ranges of Pinacate,
looming up now not twenty miles away to the west? It all seemed so
hopeless! It would take a far sterner and more determined man than
he to push through such a project!
But Sid sang happily as they rode toward Cerro Colorado. This wild,
free land struck a response in the deepest notes in his being, the
love and enjoyment of that freedom that every explorer, every
pioneer, every adventurer feels to be his most precious birthright; for
which he will sacrifice ease, comfort, wealth, civilization itself. New
species of this marvelous desert life constantly claimed his attention.
White trees, fluffy in foliage as cotton, appeared. “Smoke Trees,” Big
John named them. A new bush, all frosty white, met them along the
march, securing a roothold even in crevices between red and sterile
lava chunks as large as a ragged rock boulder. He recognized the
species as the Brittle Bush and would have tried breaking its twigs
except for the formidable and glistening thorns with which it was
armed. Then came a vast carpet of lowly little plants that seemed
made of frosted silver and Big John drew rein. He inspected them
closely and then scanned the neighboring craters and all the vast
plain about him with keen eyes.
“Antelope fodder, fellers!” he announced. “Whar ye see thet leetle
plant, thar’ll be pronghorns. They love it better than grass.”
No antelope were in sight, however. Even if so, they would be quite
invisible under that burning sun. The horses loped on. Gradually
there rose out of the desert a low hill, sheered off flat at its summit
and covered with the dense lacery of creosote bushes. Cerro
Colorado it was, and they picketed the animals out and began to
climb its rocky slopes. Rough, sharp lava, in boulders of all sizes,
marked the lava flow of geologic times from this hill; indeed the
whole plain below was made entirely of the outpourings of this one
crater. Once on its top they looked out over the country between
them and Pinacate, who loomed up grim and imposing in the west
and surrounded by his wide and desolate lava fields. Twenty dreary
miles away was he!
Sid had carried with him the Red Mesa plaque, bearing its
enigmatical message in Latin which Fate had not permitted them yet
to have translated and he now produced it for that last reading. The
words they knew were still there, staring up at them from its red
pottery surface.
“XXI Milia S-O ab Pinacate—Minem aurum et argentum—In Mesam
Rubram”—there was no mistaking that!
But the more they pored over the words the more unbelievable they
became! It was surely a cruel joke, a wild tale that the Papagoes
had brought to that old priest, Fra Pedro. It must be—now! For,
below them stretched a vast plain, stippled all over with creosote
bushes, clear to the base of Pinacate itself, twenty miles away!
There was no Red Mesa, no hill of any sort on that plain! If those
bearings on the plaque were true, Red Mesa ought to be in plain
sight, right now, and not over five miles away! But there was
nothing of the kind, anywhere in sight!
Scotty finally turned to look at Sid, silent misery in his eyes. His
dream had vanished. Already his thoughts were turning to the
future. His next letter to his mother would not be the triumphant
announcement of a valuable claim staked out, a triumphant return
east to organize a company, but—well, nothing much; nothing but
perhaps a brief note, saying that he had got a job somewhere.
Sid gripped his hand sympathetically. There was nothing to say. If
Red Mesa existed it certainly was not here.
“Cheer up, old top; le’s forget it and go hunting!” he grinned.
But Scotty’s tenacious persistence now came to his rescue. He
turned to Big John. “There’s a mine around Pinacate somewhere,
John, sure as we stand here!” he gritted. “I doubt if the Papagoes of
that day knew how to tell that friar east or west in Spanish very
clearly. And a mine wouldn’t be found in this lava but in granite
outcroppings if I know anything about mining. I’m game to stay here
and look for it, boys, while you’re hunting sheep.”
“Yaas, you pore lamb!” said Big John soothingly. “I’ll tell ye: Them
Hornaday mountains is granite. An’ they’re twenty miles northwest
of Pinacate! Put that in yore face an’ chaw it, if it’s any comfort to
ye.”
CHAPTER V
RED MESA
ACROSS a bare and sandy divide wallowed and crunched a weary
party of horses, men, and dogs. Bare and desolate mountains
surrounded them, and one rose in sheer gray granite, capped by a
black stratum of lava, apparently two hundred feet thick. Of even
desert vegetation there was not a trace here. The sand buried
everything, even the mountain sides. One could hear the faint lisp-
lisp of it, moving stealthily along, grain by grain, under the flow of
the southwesterly winds rolling up from the Gulf of California.
“Shore this is the country that Gawd jest didn’t know what to do
with!” ejaculated Big John, mopping his sweating forehead and
getting a new bite on the corner of his bandanna with his teeth.
“Whar’s yore desert gyarden, hyarabouts, Sid?”
“We’ll come to it, just over the ridge—according to the map made by
the Hornaday expedition,” replied Sid cheerily. For perhaps the
twentieth time since they had left Represa Tank early that morning,
that little book-page map was taken out and scanned by the whole
party. Big John always liked to convince himself, by standing on the
map as it were, that they were really following it. In these endless
dunes it would be easy to take the wrong gap and miss MacDougal
Pass altogether.
“See?” said Sid, pointing out the landmarks, “that range ahead of us
they named the Hornaday mountains. They abut on the Pass in a
right angle. I’d give a lot to know what’s in that angle behind them!
No one knows. There’s a little piece of the earth for you, Scotty, as
unexplored as the North Pole!”
Scotty said nothing. He had not yet recovered from the
disappointment of finding Red Mesa apparently a myth. The whole
business looked worse than ever now. Even assuming that the
Papagoes might have been confused in translating east and west
and so have given Fra Pedro the wrong compass bearing, twenty-
one miles northwest of Pinacate would be right here, where they
were now riding—and there was no such thing as a mesa in sight
anywhere! The mountains here were all of rugged gray granite,
tumbled and saw-toothed, with faint tinges of green showing where
some hardy desert vegetation had got a roothold. Mesa! This was
volcanic country, all cones or jagged outcroppings of granite!
thought Scotty, disconsolately.
He rode on dejectedly after Niltci and the dogs, who were scouring
the sand for game tracks. A short way from here the first tracks of
sheep had been seen by the Hornaday party, and further south
antelope had been shot by John Phillips in the craters of the extinct
volcanoes which dotted this country.
“There she is—there’s the Pass!” cried Sid triumphantly, as they
topped the last of the awful sand ridges. His pointing finger showed
them a river of desert vegetation below, a broad and rolling green
river that flowed through the flat sandy plain of the Pass in masses
of rich, living color. Tall green saguarros, like telegraph poles, rose in
monumental spikes along the granite bases of the mountains on
both sides. White fields of Bigelow’s choya barred their way, in big
patches of them flung broadcast across the sands. Here and there
the bright green puffball of a palo verde made a note of vivid color
against the prevailing dark shiny green of the creosotes. At sight of
all that verdure the horses broke into a run, twisting and threading
through the flat bare sand lanes. The dogs, now desert-wise,
galloped along beside them, barking excitedly and hardly noticing
the choyas, avoiding them instinctively.
And then Ruler gave tongue. Ow-ow-ow! he sang, the first blessed
musical notes of the chase that had come from his throat since they
had left the Catalinas! Niltci whooped a shrill challenge and lashed
his mustang to full speed. After him put out Big John, and then
Scotty, glad of any excitement to take his mind off his troubles. Sid
rode leisurely after them, merely glancing down at the tracks the
dog had discovered in the sand.
“Buck mule deer—a small one. Here, Blaze!—Heel!” he called sternly
to the Airedale, who had started bounding after Ruler. Sid halted his
horse and watched the three riders racing down the Pass. The
frantic bellows of Ruler now told him that the deer had been sighted,
and presently Sid got a distant glimpse of him, a tiny gray shape
bouncing stiff-legged as he dodged through the desert cactus
garden.
“Mule deer all right! Guess we’ll stay out, Blazie,” he told the dog.
“There are enough after him now to catch him with their bare
hands! Let us try for mountain sheep, meanwhile.”
He turned the pinto toward the base of the Hornaday Mountains
which rose in rugged gray-green masses abruptly from the sand
floor of the Pass. Their summits were ridged with rough pinnacles of
gray granite. What might be on the other side of those ridges at
once intrigued the exploring instincts in the boy. He was rather glad
of this chance for a lone investigating hike—with good old Blaze his
sole companion!
At the base of the mountain, where rock sloped up steeply from
sand, he checked his horse and a joyful exclamation burst from him.
An eager whine came from Blaze, as he, too, snuffed in the sand.
Here they had discovered a regular mountain sheep runway! The big
cloven tracks, like pairs of roll biscuit prints, were plentiful and
deeply graven in the sand. They ran both ways, but a vague
impulse, coupled with a decided penchant for climbing up and
exploring these mountains, led Sid to halt at the first lone track that
led off upward from the main game trail. It was now nearly noon,
and he knew that the sheep would be high in the mountains at this
time of day.
He picketed Pinto out on a patch of grass and started up on foot.
Helped by Blaze’s nose it would not be very hard to follow that track.
Where a print lacked in the rocky soil, eager barks from the Airedale
now led Sid on. They were climbing fast and furiously before they
knew it, the impetuous dog leading Sid up and up the immense
craggy slopes. Below him the garden of the Pass rolled out in a great
gray plain. A mile down it the faint belling of Ruler told him that the
mule deer was still leading them a busy chase. His own sheep tracks
were rising toward the ridge in a series of steep bounds, climbing
with ease where Sid had to haul himself up or make toilsome
detours to avoid formidable white choya bushes. Sid hoped it was a
ram. Since the Montana hunt for the Ring-Necked Grizzly he had not
shot a single specimen of that king of American game animals, the
Big-Horn. A Pinacate head, to match his Montana one, would look
mightly well in the Colvin trophy den now located at their new ranch
up in the Gila Cañon.
Presently Blaze let out a volleying bray and raced on up the rocks
toward the ridge. There came a clatter of rolling stones, and Sid
looked up to see a huge ram, followed by two ewes, silhouetted for
an instant against the blue skyline. Immense curled horns encircled
the big sheep’s head. For a moment he stopped and looked back, his
superb head poised grandly, his horns branching out in regular
symmetrical spirals, his white ears standing out like thumbs in front
of the horns and his white nose, cleft with the black mouth and
nostril lines, a circle of white against his brown neck.
Sid shouted to the dog sharply and raised his rifle, but before he
could steady the sights the ram wheeled and was gone like a silent
shadow. Blaze yelped and roared out his ferocious challenge, then at
Sid’s repeated yells he turned and came back whining with
impatience. The youth began to feel that Blaze would be a mere
nuisance in this sheep hunting because of his lack of experience.
Ruler would have circled craftily to head off the Big-Horn and drive
him back on the hunter, but Blaze was always for the stern chase
and the pitched battle!
Sternly ordering the dog to heel, Sid climbed on up cautiously and
reconnoitered through the rocks over the ridge. A shallow arroyo lay
between him and the next ridge, and beyond that he saw over the
mountain back, beyond a void of purple distance, a flat red table of
rock, etched sharply by the ragged saw-tooth of the ridge between
him and it. Sid glanced curiously at that odd rock formation for an
instant, then his eyes swept the hollow below for sight of that band
of sheep. Blaze whined and tugged frantically at his collar. He had
seen them already, long before Sid’s slower eyes could pick them out
in that mass of rocks and sparse vegetation below.
“Gorry!—There they go! Steady, Blaze!” he gritted through his
clenched teeth and then raised the rifle. The army carbine’s sights
sought out the game swiftly. Sid had filed a forty-five degree cut on
the front sight, so that it showed up as a little white mirror over the
flat bar of his rear sight. Cutting the mirror square in two with the
rear bar, he found the galloping ram and raised it up to just under
the distant shoulder of the Big-Horn.
Sid was just on the point of pressing the trigger—indeed had already
felt the first movement of the creep of its bolt action—when a bright,
shiny, horizontal flash,—the flash of an arrow—shot across the gray
slopes of the ridge opposite! The ram staggered, stumbled, and
struggled up a ledge, pawing convulsively with his hoofs. A second
and a third arrow flash swept across the hillside and stopped in the
ram’s flank. Sid gasped with astonishment. Those flashes were
arrows! Then he grabbed Blaze’s collar instinctively, put down the
rifle hurriedly, and closed his fingers around the dog’s muzzle so that
he could not bark.
Sid was too nonplussed for a moment to speak. Arrows! It could not
be Niltci, for the Navaho boy had long since abandoned his bow,
now that his white friends kept him in unlimited cartridges. Sid
watched the ram in his death struggles, not daring to move so much
as his head. Those arrows had been shot by some unknown Indian.
These mountains were inhabited then. He could see the two ewes
tearing wildly down the arroyo toward a grim and scowling lava field
that lay far below. They disappeared around a corner of granite,
some distance down, but still the Indian who had fired the arrows
did not come out of his hiding place.
Who could he be? Sid knew that the Papagoes had long since
abandoned this hunting ground. Their tank still remained, filled
eternally from season to season with rainfall, the sole reminder of
that time when the tribe used to gather here to drive the sheep and
antelope into the craters and slaughter them wholesale in the trap
thus set. Now the Papagoes had become a pastoral people, raising
corn, selling baskets, receiving their beef rations from a beneficent
government, which, however, kept them virtually prisoners on two
small reservations. This Indian arrow-shooter might be a wandering
Yaqui from Mexico, but that was hardly possible. It would go hard
with him if caught on this side of the border by any of our rangers!
Why did he not come out? Sid was sure that it was because he had
heard Blaze’s bark coming up the mountain, followed by the
appearance of those hunted sheep. He was lying low.
For what? To shoot down the hunter the same way that he had laid
low the ram? Well, if he had to wait all day, he would not be that
victim, Sid decided, then and there!
And meanwhile the ram lay a silent, pathetic heap of horns and
hoofs, lonely under the hot sun, surrounded by the gray crags and
green acacias that had been his home—while the enigma of his
death remained still inscrutable. A stunted green saguarro rose near
where he had fallen, a marking-post of the desert; the approach
below him was guarded by a sturdy choya, to stumble into which
would be agony.
For a long time Sid stood watching the place where the arrows had
seemed to come from, undecided what to do next. There was a
craggy boulder over there, jutting out from the hillside, and behind it
strung out cover in the shape of creosote bushes and rocky
fastnesses of jumbled granite. But nothing moved. The unknown
Indian still lay hidden, watching that ram carcass, too, like a trap set
ready to spring. Sid lowered his head slowly, inch by inch,
determined to play this waiting game to a finish himself. His muscles
were trembling from holding his fixed poise so long and the under
tendon of his right knee ached.
It had never occurred to him that he was in any danger himself—
when suddenly a savage growl rumbling in Blaze’s throat caused him
to turn halfway to the right. Instantly came the twang of a bow and
the sharp hiss of an arrow. Blaze bawled out in pain, then sprawled
out flat, with all four of his furry paws spread out like woolly broom
handles, while his pained eyes looked up piteously to Sid. An arrow
transfixed him above his shoulders. The dog seemed paralyzed as
Sid dropped beside him, hot anger welling up in his heart. A hurt to
one’s own person does not cause a whiter rage than one done to a
dumb pet! Sid peered about him, seeking with glittering eye for
something to fire at. Beside him Blaze moaned, sighed deeply, and
then fell over stiffly, the arrow sticking in the rock and partly
supporting him. Sid hesitated to pull it out. To start the blood
spurting free now would kill whatever chance he had yet for life—if
he were not already gone.
It seemed a most cruel shot, to Sid. Why had the Indian spared him
and shot his dumb and faithful companion instead? Then he began
to glimpse signs of wily red strategy in all this. The unknown enemy
intended to capture him alive if possible! With Blaze at his side it
could not be done by any creeping attack, for the dog’s keen nose
would immediately detect the near presence of any person whatever.
Sid looked cautiously all about him, finger on trigger and rifle ready.
To the south the saw-tooth ridge rose high above him to yet loftier
levels. All about him were jagged pinnacles, rough and craggy and
full of hollows and rocky points which could not be seen around. To
creep back down the mountains, somehow, and then fire three shots
for help as soon as possible seemed to him the best plan. He hated
to abandon Blaze while there was a spark of life left, but would it not
be better for them to be separated anyhow, now? The dog might get
away if he recovered even if Sid should be captured.
That arrow that had pierced Blaze had come from a rocky lair to the
north of their position, just how far away he could not tell. The hiss
of it had really been Sid’s first warning. Never again could he forget
that sharp, ghostly whew! Making for a sheltering hollow which
would be out of sight of the rocky lair, yet be open enough for him
to see around him a short distance, Sid began to crawl down from
the ridge. As yet he had hardly moved, but his heart was beating
wildly. It seemed to him absolutely hopeless to get away from this
mountain with he knew not how many hostile Indians all around
him. The very idea that this desolate land was inhabited by even a
small tribe seemed weird, uncanny. Not a track save their own had
they seen so far. Even the old wagon ruts of the Hornaday
expedition had long since been buried in the sands or washed out by
the rains. It had been all new country, all virgin. If an Indian band
lived here they could not be Papagoes, for the first one missing from
the reservation would call out a troop of soldiers after him. Had
Vasquez, then, already gotten up from Mexico with some Yaquis?
Sid thought of all possible solutions as he crept warily downhill,
pausing before each craggy outcropping in his path before daring to
pass it. Then a glimpse of something red which moved behind a
bush below to the left caused him to stop and raise his rifle, and,
while poised in the tense set of the aim, a sudden, almost noiseless,
rush of feet behind him sent electric shocks all through him! There
was no time to even lower the rifle and turn around. Subconsciously
his leg muscles leapt out wildly. He had an expectant sensation of a
knife entering his back—and then a thin band like a strap swept
down and across his eyes and something tight gripped around his
throat. Knees, and the heavy weight of a man on his back, bore him
to earth. His arms sprawled out, dropping the rifle; his tongue shot
out and out, gagging fiercely against that awful halter grip around
his throat. Sid thought of the Thug strangling cloth in that last
instant before an enormous drumming in his head gave way to
blackness clouding over his eyes. Then came the heavy thump of the
ground striking him, and unconsciousness....
It seemed but a very few minutes, the continuation of some terrible
dream, when his eyes opened again. He was lying face downward
where he had fallen, and his lungs were pumping and sucking air in
great draughts, as if recovering from some endless and vague period
of suffocation. Blood was trickling down his face and making a little
pool on the rock, while a cut or a bruise, he could not say which,
over his eyebrows smarted sharply.
Sid made a slight sound and attempted to turn over. Two grunts
answered him. Immediately a strange Indian was at his side helping
him turn over roughly, and he learned for the first time that his arms
were pinioned behind. Sid looked up into the buck’s face. It was
round, hawklike and stern, with narrow black eyes that had no pity.
He recognized the type as Apache instantly. There was none of the
stolidity of the Pima and the Papago in that face, nor of the regular-
featured, straight-nosed Navaho, like Niltci, who resembled a
copper-colored Englishman. This man looked more like some bird of
prey, in the Roman hook of his nose and the craggy sternness of his
mouth. The first word he uttered as he turned to his young
companion confirmed Sid’s thought, for it was in the harsh
Athapascan dialect of the Apache.
Between them they yanked the boy to his feet and started up the
hill. Nothing further was said. They passed Blaze’s niche, the dog still
lying on his side, a pathetic furry heap dominated by the arrow, and
one of the Apaches pointed and let out a grunt. The other nodded.
Evidently they considered him dead. They pushed Sid on down into
the arroyo and crossed to where lay the ram. The older man then
grunted a few words and at once set about paunching the game.
The younger led on with Sid.
As they topped the rise of the next ridge, that same flat red rampart
that Sid had noticed while stalking the ram burst on his view. But
now it proved to be a really wonderful natural phenomenon. Fire,
lava, a tremendous outpouring of the bowels of the earth had been
at work here, no doubt during that period when the craters were
formed and it had cast up that mighty red wall. Sid wished that
Scotty, with his knowledge of geology, were with him now to study
out the wonder of this vast red rampart before his eyes. The whole
interior angle made by the bend of the mountains had been blown
out here by lava explosion, the huge granite strata having been
forced up on end like a pair of trap doors, making two enormous red
ramparts, vertical-sided and running out from the rocky angle of the
hills until their outer ends rose like towers. These terminated the red
walls, a thousand feet from the ridge to the end of the lower gap
where the lava had burst out. At that lower end the ramparts rose at
least four hundred feet sheer from the granite slopes, and a great
apron of black and scowling lava ran down from there at a steep
slope, to lose itself under the sands far below. But the walls were of
sheer granite, colored red by the fierce heat of that molten lava of
ages ago.
Red Mesa! Red Mesa! Red Mesa!—The certainty of its being the lost
mesa kept singing in Sid’s ears as they descended. No such geologic
formation as this could exist anywhere around Pinacate and not have
been discovered before. Those ancient Papagoes who had reported
it to Fra Pedro of 1680 no doubt had called it a mesa by reason of its
resemblance to the true mesa formation. But, unlike the mesas of
the north which are formed by water scouring and erosion, the walls
of this one had been cast up bodily by the explosive force of pent-up
lava. Still, there was resemblance enough to have given the place its
name, Red Mesa, Sid was certain.
The young Apache kept behind Sid as he prodded him on downward.
There was no trail. His savage guide avoided choyas and chose the
best possible routes for descent, that was all, while steadily the giant
wall of Red Mesa frowned higher and nearer above them. Sid looked
up as they approached the base of the west wall. Flat slabs of bare,
smooth granite went up at a steep slope for perhaps a hundred feet.
Above that the red wall rose sheer to fissured and turreted pinnacles
three hundred feet above the top of that awful slope. Inaccessible
from anywhere below was Red Mesa!
After more rocky descent they came around the great tower at the
lower end. Mighty and majestic, like the belfry of some huge
cathedral, it rose out of the depths of the valley. A great smooth
slope of black lava, shiny and slippery as glass, formed a slanting
apron here, spanning the gap from tower to tower. But what an
apron! Like the face of a dam, it spread across from one wall to the
other, closing a gap three hundred feet wide and itself at least four
hundred feet up to its edge, the towers of the two walls rising for
half their height above it still. Geologically it was an imposing
instance of the unlimited power of Nature. When that mountain side
had burst, the whole round world must have shaken like a leaf and
all the marine creatures in the great seas to the north have been
swept over by a tidal wave of unexampled proportions! The lava had
flowed out and downward, cooling slowly until this dam—for a
cataract of fire—had formed and remained as a grim witness to the
stupendous natural event that had once taken place here.
Sid, the educated white boy, had become so interested in
reconstructing the geological aspects of this formation that he
almost forgot the irksome tightness of the thongs that still bound his
arms and the almost certain death to which he was being led. He
knew only too well from border history the ways of the wild Apache!
But the Indian guard behind him had no other thought but his duty
as jailer. While Sid’s wondering eyes were scanning that giant apron
of lava that flowed down out of Red Mesa, the Apache suddenly
spun him violently around. Sid had one whirling glimpse of a small
black opening in the lava above, looking like a ragged mouth, and
his curiosity about it had just begun to leap up overthrowing the
greater marvel of the whole cataclysm of Red Mesa, when his head
was forcibly held from turning and his bandanna was whipped deftly
across his eyes. The sandy plain below disappeared from view, and
in its place was now an impenetrable blackness.
Presently he felt the grip of two firm hands on his elbows. A
vigorous push set his feet in motion to hold his balance. By the
shortness of his step and the upward lift of it Sid knew they were
climbing again. Often the Indian stooped down and took hold of his
ankles to guide his footsteps to some secure place. Sid could tell by
the opprobrious epithets in Apache with which the young fellow
belabored him that he scorned Sid’s blind clumsiness and was angry
and intolerant, but Sid made no sign that he understood the
language. Once, though, he nearly gave himself away, when the
buck shouted “Right!” sharply in Apache and Sid instinctively moved
his foot over that way, searching for a crevice in the lava.
After a long and slow climb they stopped, and Sid felt the Indian’s
fingers gripping him strongly around the back of the neck. It was
useless to resist. His head was being forced silently down, and the
boy submitted wonderingly. Then they went forward, bent over
again, and twice he felt the top of his head striking bare and jagged
rock above which cut painfully. Instantly he thought of that little
black mouth in the lava apron that he had caught a mere glimpse of
when the Indian was turning him around. They were in that cave
now, whatever it was. It was hot and suffocating in here. Sid choked
for breath and sneezed as faint sulphur fumes pringled in his
nostrils. He had a sense of being urged slowly upward. Now and
again the fingers on his neck would press him to earth and he would
go forward on hands and knees, where the least attempt to raise his
head would result in a painful scratch from the tunnel roof that was
evidently above them.
In time a draught of pure air began coming down from somewhere
above. Sid could see nothing, yet with the buoyancy of youth he was
strangely happy and also consumed with curiosity. They would
probably stake him out and build a slow fire on his stomach when he
got up out of this tunnel, but while it lasted it was all as exciting as
exploring it on his own would have been! More air and purer came
to him now. The sulphur fumes disappeared. Something wooden like
an upright log ladder struck him on his forehead and the Indian
raised him up and called out loudly. Muffled voices answered him
from somewhere up above. Then he felt his guard stoop and lift him
by the legs while invisible hands above reached down and seized
him under the armpits. He was hauled up the ladder and then he
sensed being in some sort of a room—being guided across it.
The indescribable sweetish odor of Indian was strong in here. Sid
had been so often in tepees and hogans as to be able to recognize
that smell instantly. All the races of man have a distinctive smell of
their own, and the aboriginal ones, Malay, black boy, yellow man and
red Indian are all agreed that the white man has a smell, too.
“White man smell like sheep!” as a Piute chief had once truthfully
put it! The odor of corn meal, burnt feathers, paints and greases told
Sid, too, that he was in some sort of medicine lodge. It could not
have been a kiva, for the dank smell of damp stone was wanting.
Then a sudden lightening of all the cracks around that bandanna
told him that he was in bright sunlight once more. There was the
perfume of growing squash and melon and pepper, the faint odor of
green beans, the smell of grass—and of water! Red Mesa was really
a valley then, inclosed by two giant walls and shut off from below by
that ancient lava apron! And it was inhabited by a band of Apache!
That much Sid’s sense of reasoning had told him before the squeals
of children and the cries of squaws and shouts of men came to his
ears. People were all around him now, exclaiming in Apache, every
word of which he understood. Then the deep voice of some one in
authority came toward them and a guttural command to untie him
was given. The bandanna was at once whisked from Sid’s eyes. He
stood for a time blinking in the glare of the sun. High red walls rose
up to right and left of him. A large tank of water, almost a pond,
filled much of the basin between them, but there were strips of
cultivated plants along its borders, too, and here and there he noted
a grass Apache hut.
Sid fixed his eyes finally on a tall chief who confronted him. The
man’s features were round, heavy and forceful, such as we are
accustomed to associate with the faces of the captains of industry
among our own people. His long, coarse hair fell around his ears,
tied about the brows with home-woven red bayeta cloth. A single
eagle’s feather sticking up from the back told Sid that this man was
a rigid disciplinarian of the old school and a formalist in the customs
of his tribe, for it signified only one coup, such as a far younger man
than he would have made in the old days. He wore a white buckskin
shirt, with the tails outside coming down nearly to his knees. Long
white buckskin leggins that disappeared under the apron of his
breech clout told Sid, further, that this chief was a primitive red man,
or else had not seen white men for many years.
As Sid’s eyes still blinked, getting accustomed to the strong light, a
coppery grin cracked the chief’s features.
“Well! I’ll be—! What have we here!” he exclaimed in excellent
English.
Then he turned angrily to the young buck at Sid’s side and burst into
a storm of guttural Apache invective.
CHAPTER VI
THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
THAT torrential outburst which raged out from the Apache chief
seemed to scorch and wither with shame the young Indian buck who
stood beside Sid. The chief was upbraiding him in the most scathing
terms in the Apache language, as Sid understood it, for the folly of
capturing and bringing here a white man to their stronghold. Sid’s
own person was safe according to Indian honor so long as he
remained in the enemy camp, but what to do with this white man,
now that he was here, would be a matter that only the old men
could decide in council. As for the youth, whose name Sid learned
was Hano, he was being condemned to the direst penalties for his
act. The chief finally paused, arms folded across his chest, and eyed
the youth sternly, awaiting what reply the culprit could make.
“The white man was spying on us, my father,” replied Hano, simply.
“It seemed best to take him, lest he get away and tell others.”
“Why did ye not follow him, then? If he saw nothing you could have
let him go! If he saw—kill and kill quickly!” thundered the angry
chief. “Die thou shalt instead!”
The youth hung his head, unable to answer. It disturbed Sid
strangely to learn that this boy was indeed the chief’s son, and that
this Spartan sentence was being passed on him by his own father.
He himself would have pardoned Hano, for youth does not think far
ahead; it acts mainly on impulse. That he, an enemy, might discover
the secret stronghold of an Apache clan and should therefore have
been slain or taken seemed to Sid, too, the natural reasoning for
Hano to have followed. Sid felt grateful that he had, for some
obscure reason, probably the bond of youth itself, spared his life
instead.
The chief, however, paid Hano no further attention but turned on Sid
those piercing black eyes that seemed to look through and through
him.
“Young white man, who are you and what is your business down
here?” he demanded sternly.
“My name is Sidney Colvin, son of Colonel Colvin, U. S. Army,
retired,” answered Sid, facing the chief respectfully.
The Apache’s eyes widened for an instant, startled, if such a stoic
could be. “Colvin!” he exclaimed.
Then all expression faded from his face. His hand, however, rose,
involuntarily to touch a gold ornament that hung pendent from his
neck. Sid thought for a moment that a play of memory seemed
passing in the black inscrutable depths of his eyes. Under that eagle
gaze, though, he himself could not long endure; in sheer
embarrassment he dropped his own eyes until they, too, fastened
themselves on the ornament. It was a gold twenty-dollar piece,
pierced with a small hole in its upper rim and hanging from a rude
chain of beaten silver. To Sid the curious thing about it was that it
was the sole thing of white-man origin about the chief’s person.
“And your business?—a prospector, I suppose,” said the chief, after
another silent scrutinizing interval.
“No, ethnologist,” replied Sid quietly.
“Ethnologist!” echoed the chief. An expression of strong disgust
crossed his stern face. “These learned fools who misrepresent and
misunderstand the Indian worse than all other white men!—Pah!”
Sid was more than astonished at this outburst. This Apache had
evidently been well educated—once—perhaps at Carlisle. Why, then,
had he come here to live with this wild band and become their
chief? That could wait; at present he was glad to talk ethnology with
this educated Indian, for Sid, too, had felt that disgust over the
stupidity and lack of understanding displayed by the average
ethnologist’s treatise indicated in the chief’s tones.
“It’s astonishing how much they do misunderstand you,” agreed Sid.
“Knowing as they should the Indian’s fundamental belief that all life,
man, animal, and growing tree, has a soul which is the gift of the
Great Mystery and returns to Him in the end, how can they report
your Indian ceremonials as mere spirit worship, devil worship, sun
worship—Gad! It makes my blood boil!” Sid spoke vehemently,
warming up as his own indignation over the vapid
misunderstandings and the utter lack of comprehension of most
ethnologists’ reports enraged him. “Chief, you know, and I know the
Great Mystery! As one of your own great men has said, ‘He who may
be met alone, face to face, in the shadowy aisles of the forest, on
the sunlit bosom of the great prairie, upon dizzy spires and pinnacles
of naked rock, or yonder in the jeweled vault of the night sky!’
Because the Indian is too reverent to speak of Him by name, our
worthy ethnologists report that this and that tribe believes in no
supreme God, only in spirits—bosh!”
Sid’s eyes sparkled with the intensity of his feeling. He forgot for the
time that he was a prisoner of a hostile tribe, in a desolate, barren
region, far from white habitation. The burning sense of the injustice
of even the best of us toward the Indian swept him away. He spoke
out his convictions, as ardently as ever he had championed the
Indian’s soul before those white professors who had come to study
them here in the southwest—and had misunderstood.
The Apache’s eyes softened at the youth’s vehemence. “My son
seems to comprehend something of us. It’s astonishing—rare, in one
of your race! I lived long among the whites—once,” he smiled
sardonically. “The massacre of my people at Apache Cave, what
think you of that?” he asked.
Sid realized that his attitude toward the whole Indian problem was
being tested out by this wily chief; that upon his answer depended
his life. Yet he simply replied out of his own convictions, with no
thought of how it might affect his fate.
“A pitiable business, chief!” he answered. “Men, women, children, all
shot down to the last one! I suppose it had to be, since you would
not surrender. The Army had its orders, you know.”
“Orders!” The chief drew himself up proudly. “The Apaches never
surrender, to injustice!” he exclaimed. “I am Honanta, son of that
Chief Chuntz who fell in that fight, white man!”
Sid glanced up at him, surprised. “I always understood that not one
Apache escaped alive from that cave——” he began, wonderingly.
“No! Let me tell you. There was one humane officer among the
white soldiers who entered that cave of death, after all was over. He
came upon my mother, lying among the heaps of slain. She still
lived, shot in three places. She held me, an infant, protectingly hid in
her arms. A soldier raised his gun to end her life—a wounded squaw
would be a mere nuisance, you know!”—the chief interjected with
bitter sarcasm—“but that officer struck up his rifle. He had them
take my mother to the ambulances. And, out of the kindness of his
heart, that she might not die of starvation, he gave her—this.”
Honanta raised his hand again to the gold piece.
A curious sensation of excitement went through and through Sid. His
own father, Colonel Colvin, had been a young second lieutenant of
cavalry in that fatal fight of Apache Cave. But he had never
mentioned the squaw who had survived, nor the twenty-dollar gold
piece; in fact he had always been most reticent about that battle,
regarding the whole subject with the most extreme distaste. Sid felt
that even if Colonel Colvin were that humane officer, to attempt to
establish his own relationship with him and so gain immunity would
be regarded by this crafty chief as mere opportunism.
“The officer’s name, did she ever learn it?” he contented himself
with asking.
The chief smiled enigmatically. “My son,” said he gently, “to-morrow
I shall be able to give that Sun Dance that I vowed to the Great
Mystery forty years ago. Is—is your father still living?”
“Yes,” said Sid. “He has a new ranch up in the Gila Cañon country.
We came west again, after I settled down to work with your people.
The lure of Arizona was always very strong with father. Here was the
scene of his early active days; here, in that grand mountain region,
he wants to live until his time comes. It’s a great country!”
“Once more, then, before I die, I must leave the Arms of the Great
Mystery!” mused Honanta, more to himself than to Sid. Then his
whole manner toward the youth changed and he motioned him
courteously toward his large grass lodge.
“The Arms of the Great Mystery!” So that was what they called Red
Mesa! thought Sid as they walked toward the lodge. Truly, like great
protecting arms, those mighty red ramparts rose on each side of this
little valley, shielding this lost band of Apache forever against further
encroachment. As to the chief’s remark about giving a Sun Dance, it
seemed to Sid that he himself appeared to be a vital and necessary
part of it. Whether he would be a sacrifice in it or what part he
would be called to play in it was a mystery to him. To-morrow he
would know, though!
Sid entered the lodge with Honanta, Hano following submissively. He
looked about him curiously at the giant hoops of ironwood overhead
which formed its arches, at the dense thatch of galleta grass bundles
which kept out rain and sun alike. There was little furniture. A red
olla, sweating cool water on its porous surface, stood on a three-
pronged fork in a corner. A gourd dipper hung beside it and at a
motion from the chief Sid drank. There were bundles of cane-and-
ironwood arrows which Sid noted were curiously tipped with native
copper heads. There were bows strongly backed with bone;
parfléche skins for storing dried meat and berries; baskets holding
shelled corn. From the rafters hung strings of red peppers and dried
corn ears, and loops of dried squash. Shallow baskets held red
beans, specked with white dots.
Sid sat down on a roll of skins. Hano, who had entered with them,
still remained standing. He seemed to be waiting for something, and
Sid noted that the chief had not yet ordered him to be seized and
bound. After a time, while the chief was apparently thinking over
some further questions, an interruption came—the sound of a
woman’s voice crooning softly. She entered the lodge, beautiful as
the night. She was clad in soft white buckskin, long-fringed, heavily
beaded, and in her arms she bore a tiny bundle from which came
soft infantile noises.
Hano’s bronzed face was working in agony of feeling as she entered.
Sid and the chief rose respectfully.
“One boon, my father!” burst out Hano hoarsely as the girl hesitated
before them, the soft smile of motherhood on her face.
“Which is?” queried the chief turning upon him sternly.
“To perform the whispering ceremony for my newborn son—before I
die,” begged Hano brokenly.
Sid’s heart gripped him as he watched the tiny bundle being passed
across into the young father’s arms. He hugged his baby close; then
pressed his mouth to the little ear that he uncovered. Sid knew that
he was whispering the name of the Great Mystery into his son’s ear,
the very first word of the human voice that the newborn Indian babe
hears. It was an old, old ritual of ancient Indian custom.
Then: “Farewell, little one!” he heard Hano’s anguished tones
murmur as he passed the child over to its mother. The girl started
back and looked at him astounded, then at Sid, and finally she
turned to the chief, her eyes dark pools of questioning.
“It must be, my daughter,” said Honanta. “My son has erred
grievously. It is for the old men to decide.”
He blew on a bone battle-whistle which dangled along his thigh like
a quirt. At the signal two warriors appeared.
“Take him to the medicine lodge! Bind!” ordered Honanta. He turned
his back on Hano and covered his face. A suppressed, hurt sound,
like some dumb animal mortally wounded, came from the girl and
Sid felt his throat choking. Hano turned once more as they led him
away.
“Farewell, Nahla!” his voice rang. “Bring my little son to the stake,
that he may see how a warrior can die.”
For a long time there was a dead silence in the lodge. Sid glanced
from time to time at the stoical, impassive face of the chief; then at
the young wife, who sat huddled in the rounded end of the lodge,
her newborn child in her arms and silent tears coursing down her
cheeks.
Grief had stricken this lodge—and all because of him. Indian justice
was stern, inexorable; on the same exalted plane as its religious
conceptions, its four cornerstones of Indian morality—Truth, Honor,
Courage, Chastity. For sparing him Hano was to be punished. Was
he, too, doomed to take some awful part in to-morrow’s Sun Dance?
Sid knew vaguely of the Sun Dance. In present days it has
degenerated among the Plains tribes into a brutal material thing, a
degrading exhibition of suffering and endurance of no spiritual
meaning whatever. But in the olden times it had been a thank-
offering to the Great Mystery, vowed to Him in memory of some
special deliverance from peril or certain death. But for the beneficent
intervention of the Great Mystery the man had lost his life; therefore
all the original symbolism of the Sun Dance was of a potential death
and a resurrection by the grace of the Great Mystery. But why
should Honanta give this Sun Dance at this late date, forty years
after the massacre at Apache Cave? Because some evidence of
Honanta’s physical deliverer had come to light, Sid reasoned. That,
too, was necessary for the full ceremony to be performed. If
Honanta knew that that humane white officer’s name was Colvin, his
own part in the ceremony was obvious. What then of Hano? Could
he be destined for some heartrending sacrifice on Honanta’s part? It
was possible! Sid decided to rescue him, to get him out of Red Mesa
and send him to Big John for help, if he would go. He planned, now,
to find out where the medicine lodge was and then act when the
time was ripe.
Its location was shown him in the most unexpected manner.
“She was a wonderful woman—my mother!” exclaimed Honanta
suddenly, breaking his reverie and apparently continuing his
narrative as if no interruption had occurred. “She escaped with me
from that ambulance by night, for she had no wish to be brought a
captive to the reservation that was then being allotted to my people.
In the mountains we lived, together. She built a hut of sweet grass.
She recovered from her wounds, healing them with plants taught my
people by the Great Mystery. She fished and hunted like a man,
carrying me always with her on her back. She taught me to love and
respect the birds, who live very close to the Great Mystery. As I grew
up, she taught me to know the animals, our brothers; to sing chants
for their souls when I had to kill them for our needs. She taught me
to reverence the bears, who are our mother clan by the First Man.
Silence, love, reverence—these were my first lessons in life. Through
her I learned to know the Great Mystery. To pray daily to Him after
the morning bath, silently, with arms outstretched facing the sun,
which is the most sublime of His creations. To seek Him on the high
places, alone. To see Him at night, through the glory of the stars.”
Sid listened, waiting respectfully while the chief paused again, sunk
in reverie. As an ethnologist he was learning the true inwardness of
the Indian’s soul from a red man’s own lips. For some reason
Honanta seemed to have laid hold upon his sympathy and he now
poured it all out as to the first white man who really comprehended
the fundamentals of that marvelous Indian creed now lost to
mankind forever.
“As I grew up, our broken-hearted people turned to Christianity. It
seemed to us the only thing the white man had which promised
mercy and hope,” went on the chief. “I went to a mission school. I
learned of Jesus—a man after our own heart! I read the Bible,
which, please remember, was written by men of my race, by men of
the East—by no one of your blue-eyed, conquering people who now
dominate the earth. I saw the white men preaching the Bible with
their lips, but their lust for money and power, their eternal buying
and selling was always there. I saw that their lives flouted the Bible
at every step. I became disgusted. I knew that the teachings of
Jesus and our own ancient religion were essentially the same. We
used to live those teachings, too, long before the white man came.
So I determined to return to our ancient faiths and customs. When I
became a man I wandered in all desolate regions, seeking a spot
where the white man was not. And I found it. Here, in this forgotten
and inaccessible stronghold, which I named ‘The Arms of the Great
Mystery,’ for they protect us forever. Here I brought my mother, and
as many of her clan as I could find. One by one, they escaped from
the reservation and joined me here. These are all that are left of the
great Yellow Bear clan of the Apache.”
Again came a silence. Sid felt strangely moved. He was torn between
his duty to Scotty, his friend, and his new sympathies for this hunted
band of a once free people in this their last refuge. For those copper
arrowheads had told him that there was metal here; that Red Mesa
really had a mine, as was reported by the Papagoes. His friendship
for Scotty prompted him to find this mine and tell him its location
once he should escape. Yet, to destroy the peace of this last band of
the original red children of our country, to give over their last
stronghold to the lust and greed of the white miners who would
surely come here—could he do it, even for Scotty’s sake?
“And here my mother died, full of years and honor,” went on the
chief. “Come; I will show you!” He led the way out of the lodge.
Along the borders of the deep, blue-green waters of the tank a path
led to the substantial brush shelter built up in the interior juncture of
the two high red walls. Every pole and stick of it had evidently been
brought up from the surrounding desert, for no trees grew here, all
the available soil having been given over to cultivation. Inside the
house Sid saw all the ceremonial objects of the old-time Indian
mystery dances, marriage basket trays in intricate designs of black,
white, and red on the willow, baptismal bottle baskets made
watertight by piñon gum, medicine bundles filled with healing herbs.
And, in one particularly sacred shrine, the chief showed him a row of
small bundles which Sid knew at once were mortuary relics. They
contained the hair and perhaps a few mystic possessions of the dead
of the tribe. The first bundle of these was heavily decorated, as if all

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