सीमित परिसंचिण प्रततवेदन

Limited Circulation Report

भारत सरकार
भारतीय भव
ू ज्ञ
ै ानिक सवेक्षण
मध्य क्षेत्र
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
CENTRAL REGION

मध्यप्रदे श, जबलपुर / Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur

फेरस ममिरल/ Ferrous Mineral
मध्य प्रदे श के बालाघाट जजले मे पजचिमी उकवा ब्लोक के ववस्तार मे मैंग्िीज
खनिजीकरण के मलये गद
ु मा ब्लोक मे प्राथममक गवेषण
(G3- स्टे ज) पर अंनतम प्रनतवेदि
टोपोशीट क्र. 64 सी/05
(काययसत्र 2017-2018)
मद क्रमांक :065/एम.ई./सी.आर./एम.पी./2017/56
FINAL REPORT ON PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION OF MANGANESE
MINERALISATION IN GUDMA BLOCK, AN EXTENSION OF WESTERN
UKWA BLOCK, BALAGHAT DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH
( STAGE: G -3)
Toposheet no. 64C/05
(Field season 2017-2018)
Item code no. 065/ME/CR/MP/2017/056
द्वारा By
अममत कुमार, वररष्ट भूवैज्ञानिक Amit Kumar, Sr. Geologist
केशव खंडल
े वाल, भव
ू ैज्ञानिक Keshav Khandelwal, Geologist

जबलपुर
2018
Jabalpur
2018

पव
ु वानि
ु तत के बिनव पण
ू ा अथवव खण्वंश यव ककसी भी रूप िे प्रकवमशत अथवव उद्धरित न ककयव
जवए प्रततवेदन की सॉफ्ट प्रतत एवं आंककक आंक्े िहवतनदे शक भवितीय भव
ू ज्ञ
ै वतनक सवेक्षण,
कोलकवतव-700016 की अनि ु तत से प्रवप्त ककए जव सकते है
No part of this report is to be quoted or reproduced in any form, what so ever without prior
written permission of the Director General, Geological Survey of India, Kolkata- 700016.
 मध्य प्रदे श के बालाघाट जिले मे पजचिमी उकवा ब्लोक के ववस्तार मे मैंग्नीि
खननिीकरण के ललये गुदमा ब्लोक मे प्राथलमक गवेषण (G3- स्टे ि) पर अंनतम प्रनतवेदन
(काययसत्र २०१७-२०१८)
मद क्रमांक :०६५/एम.ई./सी.आर./एम.पी./२०१७/५६
FINAL REPORT ON PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION OF MANGANESE
MINERALISATION IN GUDMA BLOCK, AN EXTENSION OF WESTERN
UKWA BLOCK, BALAGHAT DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH

Item code No. 065/ME/CR/MP/2017/056

(F.S. 2017-18)
By
Amit Kumar, Sr. Geologist
Keshav Khandelwal, Geologist

CONTENTS Page No

I सारांश 1-2

SUMMARY 3-4
II INTRODUCTION 5-10
II.01 FSP item no. and title 5
II.02 Objectives 5
II.03 Background information 5
II.04 Nature, quantum and target (NQT) 9
II.05 Acknowledgement 10
III PROPERTY DESCRIPTION 11-13
III.01 Title of ownership 11
III.02 Details of the area 11
III.02.1 Village name and district 11
III.02.2 Survey of india toposheet no. 10
III.02.3 DGPS Geo-coordinates. 11
III.02.4 Cadastral details 11
III.02.5 Freehold/ leasehold 12
III.02.6 Location and accessibility 12
III.02.7 Climate 12
III.02.8 Flora and fauna 12
III.03 Infra structure & environment 13
IV PREVIOUS EXPLORATION 14-17
IV.01 Previous exploration 14
 IV.02 Details of geophysical investigation 16
V GEOSCIENCE INVESTIGATION 18-39
V. 01 Regional Geology 18
V.01.1 Geological setup 20
V.02 Detailed geological exploration 20

V.02.1 Description of Rock types 20

V.02.1.1 Older Metamorphics 21
V.02.1.2 Phyllite/ Schistose rock 23
V.02.1.3 Manganese ore horizon 24

V.02.2 Structures 25

V.02.2.1 Primary Structures 25

V.02.2.2 Secondary Structures 26

V.02.3 Metamorphism 29

V.02.4 Mineralogy of the ore zone and ore texture 30

V.02.5 Pitting and trenching 30
V.02.6 Sampling 30
V.02.6 .1 Core Samples 30
V.02.7 Discussion of results of chemical analysis of 32
samples
V.02.8 Details of interpreted ore zone on the basis of 35
geological investigation
V. 03 Geophysical Exploration 35
V.04 39
Geochemical Exploration
VI Integration of geological, geochemical and 40
geophysical exploration data and interpretation
VI.01 Creation of Geophysical, Geochemical, Geological 40
(Lithological & Structural) and Outcrop maps on true scales
VI.02 Overlay studies in GIS (Geological, Geochemical and 40
Geophysical maps)
VI.03 Semitransparent overlay maps 40
VII ABIOTIC PARAMETER 41-42
Soil, Surface water (Pre-monsoon and post monsoon), ground 41
VII.01
water and air sampling
VIII 43-45
MINERAL DEPOSIT
VIII.01 Surface manifestations of the mineralisation 43
VIII.02 Mode of occurrence 43
VIII.03 Nature and control of mineralisation 43
 VIII.04 Details of mineralised Zone 44
VIII.05 Alteration zones and its relevance with mineralization 44
VIII.06 Genesis of Mineralisation/ Genetic model for mineralisation 44
IX EXPLORATION BY DRILLING 46-62
IX.01 Stage of exploration by drilling 46
IX.01.1 Field guidelines for adoption of United Nations 46
Framework Classification
IX.02 Methodology of drilling with details of type of drilling 47
IX.03 Borehole planning 47
IX.04 Borehole Logging 47
IX.05 Core Recovery Percentage 55
IX.06 Geophysical logging of borehole and correlation with borehole 55
Geology
IX.07 Mineralogy of the ore zone 58
IX.08 Borehole deviation test and methodology 59
IX.09 Methodology of the ore zone sampling 61
IX.10 Sample preparation, Chemical analysis and laboratory 62
procedures
IX.11 Check samples 62
IX.12 Details of Ore Zones of the boreholes 62
X ORE BENEFICIATION STUDIE 63
XI GEOTECHNICAL STUDY 64-70
XI.01 RQD 64
XII RESOURCE ESTIMATION 71-83
XII.01 Introduction 71
XII.02 Detailed description of ore zones with core recovery 71
XII.03 Cut Off grade consideration 72
XII.04 Minimum Stoping width consideration 72
XII.05 Correlation of ore lodes 72
XII.06 Description of lodes 79
XII.07 Preparation of LV sections 79
XII.08 Preparation of Level Plan 79
XII.09 Assumptions for resource estimation 79
XII.10 Methodology of ore resource estimation 79
XII.10.1 Longitudinal-Vertical Section method 79
XII.10.2 Cross Section method 80
XIII RECOMMENDATION 84
XIV CONCLUSION 85-86
REFERENCES 87-88
UNFC COMPLIANCE 89-90
 LOCALITY INDEX 91
TABLES
Table-I Quantum of work done vis-à-vis achievement for FS: 2017-18. 9
Table-II Field stay and RCA expenditure 9
Generalised geological succession of Ukwa area (after Shukla 19
Table-III
and Anandalwar, 1973).
Geological Succession in Ukwa-Baputola area (Khan and 20
Table-IV
Fulmari 1996).
Table-V Details of core samples 30
Table-VI Depth of intersection of mineralization in Gudma Block 44
The details of the ore zone intersected in Gudma Block of each 62
Table- VII
borehole
Table- VIII Details of RQD 65
Table- IX Depth of intersection of mineralization in Gudma Block with recovery 71
Gross resource (ore + waste) of material estimated by cross 82
Table- X
section method.
Gross resource of material (ore + waste) estimated by LV section 83
Table- XI
method.
FIGURES
Older metamorphic enclaves(biotite schist)exposed on road 22
Figure:V.1A
section near Gangulpara. T.S. no. 64C/05
Older metamorphic enclaves(biotite schist)exposed on road 22
Figure:V.1B
section near Laugur. T.S. no. 64C/05
Biotite Gneiss exposed on Samnapur Nala Section in T.S. no. 22
Figure:V.2A
64C/05
Migmetite Gneiss exposed on Bharveli-Ukwa road Section in 22
Figure:V.2B
T.S. no. 64C/05
Porphyritic granit exposed on Bharveli-Ukwa road Section in 23
Figure:V.3A
T.S. no. 64C/05
Figure:V.3B Granit exposed near Lud area in T.S. no. 64C/05 23
Garnetiferous Quart Muscovite schist exposed on Bharveli- 24
Figure:V.4A
Ukwa road Section in T.S. no. 64C/05
Manganese dendrite in Sericite schist exposed on Jagantola 24
Figure:V.4B
Mine in T.S. no. 64C/05
Photomicrograph shows Garnet Porphyroblasts embedded in a 25
Figure:V.5A
muscovite-biotite under PPL
Photomicrograph shows schistosity with crenulations in 25
Figure:V.5B
Garnetiferrous quartz muscovite schist under XPL
S-0 as observed in Manganese ore horizon in MOIL mine 26
Figure:V.6A
pit,Ukwa (B), T.S. no. 64C/05.
Undulations in Manganese ore horizon due to deformation in 26
Figure:V.6B
MOIL mine pit,Ukwa (B), T.S. no. 64C/05.
 M type fold present in granite gneiss exposed North-West of 28
Figure:V.7 Gudama block, Ukwa.

Sericite schist undergone different phases of deformation 28

Figure:V.8A
Phyllite showing S-3 plan as observed in near Banjari, T.S. no. 28
Figure:V.8B
64C/05.
Phyllite showing S-4 plan as observed in near Banjari, 29
Figure:V.9
T.S. no. 64C/05.
Photomicrograph shows crenulations in S1 in Quartz- 29
Figure:V.10A
muscovite biotite schist.
Photomicrograph shows Quartz-Muscovite Schist indicating 29
Figure:V.10B
schistosity and cleavage refraction
Figure:V.11 REE Chondrite (Nakamuara 1974) plot. 34

Figure:V.12 Magnetic contour map of Western Ukwa Block (Reproduced 37

from Gaonkar & Das, 1995).
Gravity contour map of Western Ukwa Block (Reproduced 37
Figure:V.13
from Gaonkar & Das, 1995).
Residual Gravity contour map of Western Ukwa Block 38
Figure:V.14
(Reproduced from Gaonkar & Das, 1995).
SP contour map of Western Ukwa Block (Reproduced from 38
Figure:V.15
Gaonkar & Das, 1995).
Geophysical log of bore hole no GDBH-1, Gudma block, 56
Figure:IX.1
Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh
Geophysical log of bore hole no GDBH-3, Gudma block, 57
Figure:IX.2
Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh
Figure:IX.3 Interbanding of Manganese Ore and Manganiferous Quartzite 58
in GDBH-7.
Figure:IX.4 Dendrites of Manganese in Phyllite at footwall due to sec. 58
enrichment , Borehole GDBH-6.
Figure:IX.5 Diagram showing etch angle measurement from test tube 61
( D.A. Berkman, )
Figure:XI.1 Diagram illustrating RQD calculation (D.U. Deere and D.W. 64
Deere, 1988).
Figure:XII.1 Correlation of ore load at second level. 73

Figure: XII.2 Borehole cross section for GDBH-1 & 3 74

Figure: XII .3 Borehole cross section for GDBH-2 & 4 75

Figure: XII.4 Borehole cross section for GDBH-5 76

Figure: XII.5 Borehole cross section for GDBH-6 77

Figure:XII.6 Borehole cross section for GDBH-7 78

Figure:XII.7 Interpretation of values between two boreholes A and B. 81
 ANNEXURES
Annexure-I Analytical result of BRS samples 92
Annexure-II Analytical result of REE samples 94
Annexure-III Analytical result of XRF samples 96
Annexure-IV Analytical result of PCS samples 97
Annexure-V Analytical result of Core samples 99-104
Annexure-VI True width and horizontal width calculation sheet 105
Annexure-VII Weighted Average Calculation Table 106

PLATE
Borehole cross section for ore resource estimation for B.H.Nos.
Plate-I
GDBH-1&3
Borehole cross section for ore resource estimation for B.H.Nos.
Plate-II
GDBH-2&4
Borehole cross section for ore resource estimation for
Plate-III
B.H.Nos. GDBH-5
Borehole cross section for ore resource estimation for
Plate-IV
B.H.Nos. GDBH-6
Borehole cross section for ore resource estimation for
Plate-V
B.H.Nos. GDBH-7
Plate-VI LV section of Gudma Block
Detailed Geological map of Gudma Block (Part of Toposheet
Plate-VII
no. 64C/05) Distt-Balaghat
 Chapter I
साराांश

भारतीय भव
ू ैज्ञानिक सवेक्षण के कायय सत्र 2017-18 में मद सांख्या
65/एमई/सीआर/एमपी/2017/56 के अन्तर्यत र्ुदमा बालाघाट में अन्वेषण का कायय ककया र्या। कायय का
मुख्य उद्देष्य मैंर्िीज निक्षेप का िनतलम्ब ददशा मे ववस्तार दे खिा तथा पश्चिम उकवा ब्लोक के ववस्तार
मे में अयस्क का अयस्क ररसोसय बढ़ािे के ललए मूलयाांकि करिा था। अन्वेषण कायय में 1000.53 मी.
वेधि ककया र्या तथा 44 सां. कोर िमूिें, 10 सां. पेट्रोकेलमकल िमूिें, 10 पेट्रोलोश्जकल िमूिे, 20
बी.आर.एस., 10 सां. आर.ई.ई. िमि
ू ें , 5 सां. एक्स आर एफ िमि
ू ें एकत्रत्रत ककया र्या।
अन्वेषण कायय से पता िलता है कक इस क्षेत्र में प्रीकेम्रीयि आयु की लशला ओलडर मेटामोरकफक
िाईस व सैसर मेटासेडडमेन्ट्रीस के रूप में है । दोिों का क्षेत्रीय िनतलम्ब ENE-WES से NE-SW है , व
िनत NW में मध्यम केण में है । इस क्षेत्र में ववरूपण के कम से कम िार िरण है । पुरािें मेटामोरकफक
एवां सौसर के बीि में वववतयिीकी सम्पकय है । इस क्षेत्र में मेग्िीज खनिजीकरण सौसर लसिसेडडमेन्ट्री-
स्ट्राटाबाउण्ड एवां सोसर सांघ से जुडा है , सांम्भवतः लोहाांर्ी से मांसर तक है ।
वतयमाि में ककये र्ये वेधि में अयस्क की मोटाई यह 0.24 मी. से 1.38 मी. पाई र्यी है । सांरििात्मक
दृश्ष्ट से अयस्क निक्षेप ककसी भी जदटलताओां से मक्
ु त है । अयस्क निक्षेप केवल वपांि एवां स्वैल ददखलाता
है । वपांचिर् उकवा निक्षेप के दोिो साईड िनतलम्ब की ददषा के साथ ही कुछ स्थािों में िनत कक ददषा में
है । कललमिेषि एवां डडप्रेषि के कारण वपांचिर् लमलती है ।
र्ुदमा ब्लॉक में वेधि कायय 05.11.2017
को प्रारम्भ हुआ एवां 23.02.2018 को समाप्त हुआ।
कुल 1009.53 मी. वेधि ककया र्या श्जसमें 7 बोरहोल मेग्िीज होराइजि को दो लेवेल पर इांटरसेक्ट करिे
के ललए ककये र्ये। अचधकतम मोटाई GDBH-1 म 1.38मी. के साथ, 7 बोर होल ; GDBH-1ए
2,3,4,5, 6 व 7, में कुल 5.73 मी. मोटा अयस्क होराईजि लमला है एवां न्यि
ू तम मोटाई GDBH-4 में
0.24 मी. पाई र्यी है । कुल 44 स. कोर िमूिें, 20 सां. बी.आर.एस. िमूिे, 10 स0 आर ई ई िमूिे, 10
सां0 पी.एस. िमूिें, 10 सां0 पी.सी.एस. िमूिें एवां 05 एक्स आर एफ िमूिे एकत्रत्रत ककये र्ये एवां
ववष्लेषण ककये र्ये।
बी आर एस िमूिो मे MnO% का माि 0.03 से 30.07 % प्राप्त हुआ है । अचधकतम माि उकवा वपट व
जर्ांटोला खदाि के मेग्िीज अयस्क मे प्राप्त हुआ है । पी का माि 0.03 से 3.83 % के बीि मे है।
तथा Fe2O3 0.21% से 56.21% के बीि मे है।

पी सी एस िमि
ु े िाईस, लशष्ट व कफलाईट आदद से एकत्रत्रत ककये र्ये। पी सी एस िमुिो मे MnO%
का अचधकतम माि बोररहोल GDBH-5 मे सेररसाईट लशष्ट के िमि
ु े मे प्राप्त होनत है जो कक हैंचर्ांर् वाल
मे है ।

आर.ई.ई. िमुमो मे La व Ce का अचधकतम माि 158.86 ppm व 306.89 ppm प्राप्त हता है।

1
जमा ककये हुए 44 कोर िमि ू ो मे MnO% का माि 0.03 से 44.94 % प्राप्त हुआ है । न्यि ु तम माि
लशष्ट व कफलाईट मे प्राप्त होता है एवां अधीकतम माि मेग्िीज अयस्क मे प्राप्त होता है । लसललका का
न्युितम माि 3.92 से 41.30 % के बीि मे प्राप्त हुआ है । लसललका का अचधकतम माि मैंर्निफेरस
क्वार्टयजाईट, लशष्ट व कफलाईट मे प्राप्त होता है

क्रास सेक्सि ववचध से ब्लोक का आयति 80849.66 मी3 एवां र्टिेज 168975.78 टि लमला है। तथा एल.
वी. सेक्सि से ब्लोक का आयति 73741.84 मी3 एवां टिेज 154120.44 टि प्राप्त हुआ है । ओसत Mn
21.65%, P-0.57%, Si-21.32% व Fe-4% है ।

2
 SUMMARY
The G-3 stage of exploration for manganese ore in Gudma was carried out in
pursuance of FSP Item no. 065/ME/CR/MP/2017/56, of the annual field season
programme of the Geological Survey of India, Central Region for the year 2017-18. The
objective of the investigation was to delineate extension of Manganese mineralisation in
depth and assessment of manganese ore potential in strike extension of western Ukwa
block.
The exploration involved components of drilling(1009.53m), core sampling (44
nos.), petrochemical sampling (10 nos), petrological studies (10 nos.), bed rock sampling
(20 nos.), REE (10 nos.) and XRF (5 nos).
The exploration work reveals that the area exposes rocks of Precambrian age in
the form of older metamorphic gneisses and Sausar metasedimentaries. Both the
sequences have a regional strike of ENE-WSW to NE-SW and dip at 15º to 35º angles
towards NW. The area has undergone at least four phases of deformation. The contact
between older metamorphics and Sausars is tectonic. The manganese mineralisation in
the area is synsedimentary-stratabound and is associated with the Sausar Group of rocks,
probably transgressing from Lohangi to Mansar Formation.
During current drilling, thickness of the ore horizon observed is ranging between
0.24 m to 1.38 m. Structurally the ore deposits are free from any complexities except
pinch and swell structures. Pinching on the either ends of Gudma deposit is recorded
along the strike. At places, along dip direction ore horizon shows pinching due to
culmination and depression by interference of deformations.
Drilling in Gudma block was started on 05.11.2017 and completed on 23.02.2018.
A total of 1009.53 m of drilling was done in 7 nos. of boreholes. Boreholes were drilled
at two level to know strike and depth continuity of manganese horizon. The Cumulative
thickness of ore horizon (ore plus waste rock) intersected in seven boreholes (GDBH-1,
2,3,4,5, 6 & 7) was 5.73m. The maximum thickness of ore horizon was observed in
GDBH-1 (1.38 m) and minimum thickness in GDBH-4 (0.24 m). Core Logging of all
boreholes along with geophysical logging of two boreholes GDBH-1 & 3 were done.
DGPS survey was carried out to demarcate borehole points along with block boundary.

3
 In BRS samples MnO value range from 0.03% to 30.07%, high value of MnO%
11.06 to 30.07% was found in Mn ore samples collected from Ukwa and Jagantola mine.
PCS were collected from Gneiss, Schist, Sericite schist etc. samples indicated
MnO value range from 0.02% to 41.98%, high values of MnO was found in Sericite
Schist samples collected from borehole GDBH-5 from hanging wall.
In REE samples La and Ce are showing higher values 158.86 ppm and 306.89
ppm respectively.
In core samples MnO% varies from 0.03 to 44.94%. Minimum value was found in
Schist and Phyllite while Mn ore samples shows higher value. Minimum value of Si is
varying from 3.92 to 41.30%. Higher value of silica received from Manganiferous
quartzite, schist and phyllite.
By cross section method volume of block is calculated 80849.66m3 and tonnage is
168975.78 ton and from LV section method volume of block is calculated 73741.84m3
and tonnage is 154120.44 ton found. Average value of Mn 21.65%, P-0.57%, Si-21.32%
and Fe-4% are found.

4
 Chapter II
INTRODUCTION
II.01 FSP item no. and title

In pursuance of FSP 2017-18, vide item no. 065/ME/CR/MP/2017/56, G3 stage

item was taken up by Central Region, State Unit: Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur. The title of
the project was “Preliminary Exploration of manganese mineralisation in Gudma block,
an extension of Western Ukwa block, Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh”. The
exploration commenced in the month of July, 2017 (14/07/17) and was completed in the
month of March, 2017 (23/03/2018).
II.02 Objectives
The objectives of project were A) To know strike extension of Manganese
mineralisation in depth. B) Assessment of manganese ore potential in strike extension of
Western Ukwa block.
II.03 Background Information
The main manganese producing belt in the country is associated with the Sausar
Group of rocks of Pre-cambrian age. The group is characterised by lower pelitic and
upper psammo-pelitic sequence. The manganese ore horizon occurs in the lower part of
the Sausars.
The rocks of the Sausar Group extend in NE-SW direction in Balaghat district. M.P.
in the East to West NW-ESE in Chhindwara district, M.P. in the West through Bhandara
and Nagpur districts of Maharashtra, forming an overall arccuate shape with convexity
towards South. The maganese bearing sausars stretches over a length of 200 km and is
about 25 to 30 km wide in its central part.
The Gudma deposit is a part of Western Ukwa deposit which is located, almost, at the
Eastern end of the belt. The Eastern part of the manganese belt, from Bharweli
(Balaghat) to Ukwa. comprises, mainly, rocks belonging to the lower sequence of the
Sausar Group, which is characterised by a regionally uniform strike trend of NE-SW and
low to moderate dips towards NW. The ore horizon has conformable relation with the
enclosing rocks and can be traced intermittently from Bharweii to Ukwa through the
occurrences at Kanhatola, Laugur. Ghondi and Jagantola.( After Khal et al 1993-96).
5
 The Ukwa manganese deposit was discovered by P.N. Bose of Geological Survey of
India in 1888- 89. Geological Survey of India carried out regional exploration by means
of large scale mapping, drilling, sampling etc. during 1970-71 to 76-77, and from 1993 to
1996 in lease free areas to the East and West of Ukwa deposit and also in contiguous
areas of Bharweli deposit (Balaghat). Choudhary et al (1979) carried out exploration at
Ukwa deposit. They drilled 41 vertical holes (GSU series) involving 5041 m of drilling
and estimated gross resources of 14.71 million tonnes of manganese ore of which 12.50
million tonnes constituted the recoverable ore over a strike length of 4670 m. Devarajan
and Hakim (1992) carried out Second Generation Mapping in Bharweli-Ukwa area. Their
work gives detailed accounts of geology, structure and metamorphism of the basement
gneisses and overlying Sausar meta-sediments. Khan and Fulmari (1996) carried out
exploration work in the area in continuation of the exploration work completed earlier by
Choudhary et al (1979). Large scale mapping on 1:25.000 scale has been carried out in
the area between Ukwa and Baputola to have an idea about regional geology and for
locating the additional manganese ore horizons if any in the dip direction of Ukwa
deposit. The holes drilled by Khan and Fulmari (1996) have been marked by UKH series
and except UKH 4; all boreholes are 70° South Easterly inclined.
The Gudma deposit falls under the jurisdiction of Rupjhar Police Station, Baihar
tehsil, Balaghat district, M.P. It is located in the Survey of India toposheet nos. 64C/5,
and is bounded by North latitudes 21°57′40″, 22°58′ 20″ and East longitudes 80°26’20″,
80°27′00″.
For convenience, the entire Ukwa deposit has been divided into three blocks namely
Ukwa Eastern, Central and Western blocks, as Choudhary et al (1979). In addition to
above, the area between Ukwa Western block and Jagantola opencast mine has also been
covered by detailed mapping and the area named as Gudma block a extension of Ukwa
Western extension block.
The Eastern block extends over a strike length of 2000 m. The ore horizon crops out
at around 650 m elevation at the Western end of the block and gradually rises Eastward
reaching around 700 m at its Eastern end. The central block extends over a strike length
of 1550 m and forms the Western continuation of Eastern block or middle part of the

6
Ukwa deposit. The ore horizon crops out at 630 m elevation at the Western end and rises
to 650 m at its Eastern end. The Western block extends over a strike length of 1860 m
and forms the Western continuation of the Central Block.
Bore holes drilled by GSI and average thickness and percentage of Mn in different
blocks of Ukwa is given below:
Block Mn % Average GSU series
(Probable ‘A’ thickness of ore
Category horizon
Eastern Block 40.40 3.99 m 21
Central Block 43.14 3.51 m 21
Western Block 40.15 2.98 m 13
Ukwa Deposit --- 3.58 m 41
Except two boreholes (UKH-11 & 12) drilled at the Eastern extremity of the
Ukwa deposit, all the boreholes drilled in the area by Geological Survey of India have
intersected ore horizon. Thickness of the ore horizon ranges from <15 cm to about 10 m.
The aggregate thickness of manganese ore in Ukwa deposit varies from 0.16 m to 4.85 m,
average being 1.76 m. The aggregate thickness of waste rock (i.e. manganiferous
quartzite, quartzite with rare carbonate and schist intercalation) ranges from a few cm to
about 6.00 m, the average being 1.82 m. The average thickness of ore horizon in Ukwa
deposit is 3.58 m, of which 1.76 m (49.16%) constitutes the manganese ore and 1.82 m
(50.84%) the waste rock. Thus ore horizon generally contains 50% ore and 50% waste
rock .
Ukwa deposit has been proved to extend over a strike length of 5400 m. Leaving the
480 m in long thin ore horizon at the Eastern end of the deposit, the workable strike
length measures 4920 m. The ore horizon has been tested to continue in depth for more
than 300 m of vertical depth in the Eastern part of the deposit and more than 200 m in
rest of the deposit over major part of the strike length. In terms of dip length it measures
up to 700 m from the surface exposure of ore horizon in Ukwa mine. Bottom of ore
horizon has not been observed. GSI carried out extensive work in the Eastern block of
Ukwa deposit by putting 30 bore holes (including GSU and UKH series). The most of the

7
parts of central block fall in the leasehold area. In addition to GSI, Manganese Ore
(India) Limited (MOIL) also carried out exploration by means of drilling of 7 boreholes
and 11 boreholes in the Eastern and central blocks respectively. Chemical and Ferro
Alloy Ltd. (CFA) also drilled 11 nos. of bore holes in the central block.
In the Western block, GSI only carried out exploration (as on September 2002) and
erected 24 nos. of boreholes which include GSU series and UKH series. The drilling has
been carried out along section lines W-1 to W-6 placed perpendicular to the strike of the
ore horizon. The spacing of the section line is 190m to 260m. The calculated recoverable
resource in the Western Ukwa block is 3.01million tonnes with average Mn of 40.34%.
The ore is dark grey coloured, fine grained. Ore microscopic study reveals that the Mn
ore comprises braunite, hollandite, bixbyte, hausmannite, haematite, pyrolusite and
cryptomelane in varying proportion. Braunite is the most abundant mineral in the ore,
followed by hollandite.
The borehole interval of work carried out by Khan and Fulmari (1996) was 260 m and
efforts made to get the uniform picture of the deposit upto 400m level i.e. vertical depth
of 200m from the surface (600m R.L. to 400m R.L.).
During F.S.2016-17, a G-2 stage exploration item was executed in Western Ukwa
block to augment the resource. The present FS programme is formulated to prove the
strike extension of manganese horizon in adjacent Gudma block, SW part of Western
Ukwa block. The table below indicates the mineralized horizon as intersected in the
Western Ukwa block.
Depth of intersection of mineralization in Western Ukwa Block

Section BH Total Drill Depth Mineralized Zone Thickness of MZ in

Line in meter (MZ) in meter meter
AB BH-06 113.35 m 82.5 -83m 0.5m
(UKBH-1)
BH-08 200 m 197-198.8m 1.8 m
(UKBH-5)
CD BH-05 116 m 100.3-102.35 2.05 m
(UKBH-2)
BH-07 254 m 251.8-253.5 m 1.70 m
(UKBH-4)
EF BH-04 128 m 123.7-127.31 3.61 m
(UKBH-3)
BH-09 260 m 255.5-256.3 0.8 m
(UKBH-6)

8
 During FS 2016-17, it was found that manganese ore horizon is still continuing in strike
direction as supported by MOIL open cast mine. With this background, it was proposed for 12
bore holes in Gudma block, in strike continuation of Western block of the Ukwa deposit for a
total of 1000m drilling around 130m borehole interval during FS 2017-18 along with detail
mapping on 1:2000 scale. Bore holes were planned to intersect ore horizon by putting 12 bore
holes that is 6 bore holes were planned to intersect the ore body at first level (around 50m vertical
depth) and 6 boreholes to intersect the ore body at second level (around 100m vertical depth).
However due to ground conditions 5 boreholes were drilled to intersect the ore horizon at second
level and 2 boreholes were drilled to intersect the ore horizon at third level.
II.04 Nature and Quantum of work
Physical target achieved during FS 2017-18 along with field stay details and
expenditure details are provided below in tabular form.
Table-I Quantum of work done vis-à-vis achievement for FS: 2017-18
Nature of work Total work load Total
envisaged
1. Technological
(a) DM (1:2000) 0.5 sq km 0.5sq.km
(b) Subsurface exploration
i) Drilling (In-house unit-414 & 416) 1000m 1009.7m
i) Core sample 44 nos. 44*
2. Geochemical Survey
(a) Surface Exploration
(i) BRS 20 Nos. 20
3. Petrographic/Mineragraphic Studies
a) PS 10 Nos. 10
a) PCS 10 Nos. 10
a) XRF 5 Nos. 5
*Including 7nos of check samples
Table-II Field stay and RCA expenditure
Name of Officers Field Days
1. Amit Kumar, 119
(Sr. Geologist)
2. Keshav Khandelwal,(Geologist) 115
Supervisory Officer 10
A.K.Talwar, Director.

9
 Total Expenditure in Rs.
2,64,021/- (Wages)
56,643/- (POL)
30,896/- (OC)
3,51,560/- Total

II.05 Acknowledgement:
The authors express their sincere thanks to Shri A. K. Talwar, Director and HoO,
SU: Jabalpur, M.P. for his constant guidance, important suggestions and encouragement
in carrying out field work as supervisory officer. They are thankful to Shri N. Kutumba,
Rao ex DG GSI for provided all facilities and Shri H. Suryawansi. Dy. D. G, for their
technical and administrative guidance and support. They are thankful to A.S. Khan
Director (Ret.) for his valuable guidance and sharing field experience at field. They are
thankful to Shri Deepak Hazra, Director TC, SU: M.P, Jabalpur for technical support.
Special thanks to Shri Gladson Bage, Sr. Geologist SU: Jabalpur, M.P for their support in
DGPS survey and block boundary demarcation.

10
 CHAPTER III
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION

III.01 Title of Ownership

Geological Survey of India, Central Region, State Unit-Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur carried
out “Preliminary Exploration of manganese mineralisation in Gudma block, an extension
of Western Ukwa block, Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh (Stage G-3)” project under
Mission-II, Ferrous Minerals, Mineral Resource Assessment for the Field Season 2017-
18 vide FSP Item Nos. 065/ME/CR/MP/2017/56.
III.02 Details of the area
III.02.1 Village name and district

The current study area belongs to Gudma village of Baihar Tehsil, Balaghat
District, State M.P.
III.02.2 Survey of India Toposheet No.

The current study area falls under Survey of India Toposheet no. 64C/05.
III.02.3 DGPS Geo-coordinates.

DGPS co-ordinates of the block marked on plate-VI having current boreholes are
as follows:
A 21° 57' 53.299"N 80° 26' 20.364" E
B 21° 58' 8.832" N 80° 26' 39.944" E
C 21° 58' 1.210" N 80° 26' 46.255" E
D 21° 57' 46.105" N 80° 26' 26.624" E
The co-ordinates are written in counter-clockwise manner.
III.02.4 Cadastral details

The present block of drilling is a part of Gudma block, an extension of Western Ukwa
block, which comes under the revenue land. Southern area from Gudma block is
allocated to PSU (MOIL). The area from June to October was covered by paddy fields for
this reason the drilling work was initiated in month of November. Prior permission from
land owner was taken by drilling unit in charge associated in project. As first series of

11
boreholes falls under MOIL leasehold boundary therefore borehole proposal was
modified after field check. A total of 5 nos. of boreholes of second level and 2 no of
borehole of third level were drilled.
III.02.5 Freehold/ Leasehold

The present drilling was performed in freehold area, however prior permission of private
land owner was taken by drilling unit in charge associated with project.
III.02.6 Location and accessibility
The present study area falls in T.S. Nos. 64C/05 and bounded by North latitudes
21°57′40.90″, 21°58′ 08.26″ and East longitudes 80°26’13.21″, 80°26′58.07″. The area of
investigation falls under the jurisdiction of Rupjhar Police Station, Baihar tehsil, Balaghat
District, MP. Gudma is situated about 2.5km from Ukwa town. The Ukwa mine and town
are located 42 km ENE of Balaghat, on Balaghat-Baihar road (SH-26). The nearest
railhead is Balaghat junction located on Jabalpur-Gondia broad gauge line of the South
Eastern Railways for which construction is still in progress. The interior parts of the area
on the either sides of the State Highway are connected with the network of all weather
metalled road and fair weather kuchcha roads.
III.02.7 Climate

The area experiences varied climate. Summer commences from the end of March
and continues up to middle of June, with May being the hottest month. During summer
day temperature rises up to 45°C, but nights are pleasant. Winter is pretty cold with some
times temperature dropping down to 3°C. Frosty conditions prevail during winter nights.
Intermittent rains in winter are very common. December and January are the coldest
months. Area receives rainfall from southwest monsoon with the July and August being
the months experiencing maximum rains. The average annual rainfall is around 1537
mm.
III.02.8 Flora and fauna
The area has forests of dry, mixed deciduous type with bamboo. Teak and Sal
plantations are scattered. Some of the important flora found in the forests are Saja
(Terminalia tomontosa), Dhaman (Grewia tiliaefolia), Teak (Tectano grandis), Sal
(Shorea robusta), Bija (Steroosperma suavelenns), Dhure (Anoaeissue latifolia), Kumbhi

12
(Gareva arborea), Tinsa (Quoeina calberolodes), Harra (Terminalia chebula), Behara
(Terminalia belirica), Jamun (Eugenia jambolana), Tendu (Diosplyros mclanoxyla),
Mahuwa (Madhuka latifolia) and Lendia (Lagerstromia paulifora).
The common wild animals found in the region are tigers, panthers, wild cats, hyena,
wild dogs, bisons, sambars, wild boars, bears, barking deer and red and black-faced
monkeys. The area around Ukwa is full of Cobras. Apart from the wild animals and
reptiles, the area has various types of birds. The Kanha National wild life sanctuary is
around 45 km northeast of Ukwa.
III.03 Infrastructure & Environment

The social infra structure in and around Gudma area includes: Primary heath center,
Ukwa; Government Primary School, Jagantola; and Communication & Post-office,
Rupjhar. Kanha National Park is world famous national park and attracts lots of tourist
for its beauty and presence of maximum numbers of tiger there. Topographically the area
is located on the Baihar plateau and is drained by the tributaries of Wainganga River,
namely, Nahra Nadi and its off shoots. The area around Gudma is almost plain with very
low south westerly gradient. The area between this plain and flat-topped Tipagarh hill
range is quite rugged. The manganiferous horizon occurs as linear ridge striking ENE-
WSW to NE-SW within the plain country of Ukwa, starting from Tipagarh and
continuing southwestward up to Jagantola. The highest point is 800 m at the fringe of
Tipagarh range (NE corner of toposheet No. 64C/5) and lowest around 570 m along
Nahra Nadi south of Dora. In ground conditions at present ridge of Mn has been replaced
by open cast mines of MOIL. Ground water condition is quite good. The use of ground
water is almost negligible in the area. Mica schist being the major litho unit in the
country acts as good aquifer. Luxuriant growth of natural vegetation like palm and jamun
trees indicates the shallow water table condition.

13
 CHAPTER IV
PREVIOUS EXPLORATION
IV.1 Details of previous exploration

Bose P.N. (1888-89) of Geological Survey of India discovered the Ukwa

manganese deposit. Fermor L.L. (1903-04) studied the important manganese deposits of
the region and proposed the name 'Gondite series' for the manganiferous suite of rocks in
Chhindwara, Nagpur and Balaghat areas. Burton R.C. (1911-12) carried out Geological
surveys in Balaghat district. Shukla K.D. alone in 1950-51, and Shukla K.D. and
Anandalwar M.A. in collaboration with Stracjek J. A. of USGS carried out geological
mapping in the area and paid special attention to the manganese ore deposits of the region
(1,2,3,4,5 source - Shukla and Anandalwar, 1973).
MOIL (the then Central Provinces Manganese Ore Ltd.) carried out core drilling
in Ukwa deposit at 19 sites during 1955-60. Geological Survey of India carried out
regional exploration by means of large scale mapping, drilling, sampling etc. during
1970-71 to 76-77, in leasefree areas to the east and west of Ukwa deposit and also in
contiguous areas of Bharweli deposit (Balaghat). The areas covered under the regional
exploration are as follows:
1970-71 Jagantola-Ghondi, Dhamsua-Laugur and Laugur-Kanhatola sectors.
1971-72 Ukwa-Gudma block.
1972-73 Jagantola-Ghondi, Dhansua-Laugur sectors and Balaghat-Aolajhiri block.
1974-75 Jagantola-Ghondi sector and NE extension Samnapur block.
1975-76 Dhansua-Laugur. Laugur-Kanhatola sectors and Balaghat-Aolajhiri block.
1976-77 Dhansua-Laugur and Laugur-Kanhatola sectors. Results of the above
explorations are covered under unpublished reports of Geological Survey of India
(Source -Choudhary et al; 1979).
Exploration by regional drilling for manganese ores in Ukwa-Gudma Block (included in
above list) was carried out by Akolkar (1974). Based on the results of two regional
boreholes, he indicated possible reserves of the order of 0.525 million tonnes of low
grade, medium to high phosphorus ore, of which 0.263 million tonnes constituted as
recoverable one.
14
Exploration by drilling in Jagantola-Ghondi and northeast extension of Samnapur sectors,
forming SW and NE extension of Ukwa deposit respectively were carried out by Bhoskar
and Rao (1975). In Jagantola-Ghondi sector, they indicated the aggregate 'insitu' and
inferred reserves of 2.08 million tonnes, of which 0.86 million tonnes constituted as
recoverable ore containing 30 to 38 percent manganese. In Samnapur extension sector the
manganese ore was more or less gonditic.
Ukwa deposit was also explored by Choudhary et al. (1979). They drilled 41
vertical boreholes involving 5041 m of drilling and estimated gross reserves of 14.71
million tonnes of manganese ore of which 12.50 million tonnes constituted the
recoverable ore over a strike length of 4670 m.
Pal and Deshmukh (1974) studied the thin siltstone bands associated with the manganese
ore horizon. They concluded that the siltstones were of sedimentary origin and were
probably present in metamorphic shadow zone.
Devarajan and Hakim (1992) carried out Second Generation Mapping in
Bharweli-Ukwa area. Their work gives detailed accounts of geology, structure and
metamorphism of the basement gneisses and overlying Sausar metasediments.
Khan and Fulmari (1996) carried out exploration and drilling in continuation of the
exploration work completed earlier by Choudhary et al. (1979) and for deeper level
drilling the section lines used by Choudhary et al; was extended further northwestward by
them. They completed 4574.22 m of drilling and carried out 51 sq km large scale
mapping on 1: 25,000 scale and 5.18 sq km detail mapping on 1:2000 scale. Large scale
mapping on 1:25,000 scale has been carried out in the area between Ukwa and Baputola
to have an idea about regional geology and for locating the additional manganese ore
horizons if any in the dip direction of Ukwa deposit.
Detailed mapping (1:2000) of entire Ukwa open cast mine, adjoining foot wall
and hanging wall rocks were covered prior to drilling and for convenience the entire area
has been divided into three blocks namely Ukwa Eastern, Central and Western blocks.
They have also reported that the average Mn content of the Ukwa deposit is 41.23% and
P is 0.23%. Major part of the deposit falls under medium grade ore having 35 to 45% Mn.
Phosphorus content increases in Western block and also at depth in other blocks. The

15
deposit has estimated gross ore reserves of 16.23 million tonnes which would involve
mining of 29.07 million tonnes of material consisting of ore and waste rock i.e. the run of
mine. The recoverable reserves (90% of gross reserves) come to 14.61 million tonnes
representing 50.26% of run of mine, of which 11.84 million tonnes fall under Probable
'A', 1.37 million tonnes under 'Probable' and 1.40 million tonnes under 'Possible'
category. The favourable geological and structural set up of the ore horizon may lead to
easy minability of ore, but the high phosphorous content at depth could be a discouraging
factor.
Kumar and Khandelwal (2016-17) carried out general exploration for manganese
mineralization in western block of Ukwa, Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh. The
exploration involved drilling of 1071.35 m, core sampling of 51 nos, petrochemical
sampling of 10 nos, petrological studies of 10 samples, bed rock sampling of 20 nos. REE
10 nos. and XRF 5 nos. For resource estimation; earlier worker data was combined with
current data to find out the weighted average of current block and it is found to be
35.138%. Based on this grade specific gravity as described by previous workers on this
range is 3.55 (90% of actual value considering 10% loss) is used and resource estimated
is thus 2.182 mt by cross section method and 2.013mt by LV section method at 35.138%
of Mn. Here resource estimation of current area is also determined by previous workers
sections using their LV section and previous chemical values; based on which resource
was found to be 3.597 mt at 40.34% of Mn.

IV.2 Details of Geophysical Investigation

Gaonkar S.G. and Das A.K. carried out geophysical surveys utilizing gravity,
magnetic (V.F.) and self potential methods in Ukwa (21°58'30", 80°28W) area, Balaghat
district, M.P. for finding out extension along strike for the Ukwa manganese deposit in
the soil covered gap area between Ukwa deposit and Jagantola trench in the Western
Block and to the east of the Eastern Block.
The strata bound manganese bodies are located between the mica schist and the
phyllites metasedimentaries. The metasedimentaries are overlying the granite gneiss
basement. The bedding and the foliation trends are along the ENE-WSW direction with

16
moderate dips of about 25° to NW. The manganese horizon is exposed over a strike
length of about 5 km and the thickness of the horizon ranges from 0.27 m to 6.1 m.
Two major magnetic anomalies, in the form of linear bands with strike length of about
3.5 km each and magnitude in the range of 100 to 400 gammas were picked up in the
western block of this area. The width is about 25 and 100 m for the southern and the
northern anomalies respectively. The southern magnetic high was recorded over the main
Ukwa mine trench, where the ore body with average width of 3 m is exposed at the
surface. The anomaly shows a dominant positive high with absence of negative low to the
north. This shape is attributed to the northward dip of the ore body. The gravity surveys
closely corroborate the results of magnetic surveys in this area. Two linear gravity
anomalies corroborate with the observed linear magnetic anomalies. The geophysical
surveys indicate strike continuation of the exposed manganese mineralisation under soil
cover, from Ukwa trench in the east to Jagantola trench in the west, for over 1.6 km.
Presence of another gravity-magnetic linear anomaly in the soil covered area to the north
of the ore body exposed in the main trench indicates interesting possibilities for the
presence of manganese mineralisation. S.P. surveys were also carried out in this area. The
surveys have brought out feeble but definite low values of the order of 20 to 80 mv and
corroborate with the gravity magnetic response over the manganese ore body exposed in
trench and also support its extension to the west over a strike length of 1.6 km. No S.P.
response was recorded over the northern gravity magnetic anomaly band. This could be
due to the thick soil cover and the causative body being at greater depth.
A magnetic peak with narrow width was picked up over manganese pit on Tr. TU4 in the
eastern block. However, this anomaly was not found to continue over the next traverse
located at an interval of 300 m to east. From the appearance of rapid fluctuations in
magnetic values on traverses laid further to the east in this block, it is inferred that Sausar
formations have gone under Deccan Trap rubble.
As per geophysical investigation, drilling was recommended in the gap area between
Ukwa and Jagantola trench in western block to test the possibility of manganese
mineralisation in this area.

17
 CHAPTER V
GEOSCIENCE INVESTIGATION

V.01 Regional Geology

The main manganese producing belt in the country is associated with the Sausar
Group of rocks of Pre-cambrian age. The group is characterized by lower pelitic and
upper psammo-pelitic sequence. The manganese ore horizon occurs in the lower part of
the Sausars.
The rocks of the Sausar Group extend in northeast-southwest direction in
Balaghat district, MP., in the East to West NW-ESE in Chhindwara District, in the West
through Bhandara and Nagpur districts of Maharashtra, forming an overall arcuate shape
with convexity towards South. The maganese bearing sausars stretches over a length of
200 km and is about 25 to 30 km wide in its central part. The Ukwa manganese deposit is
located, almost, at the eastern end of the belt.
The eastern part of the manganese belt, from Bharweli (Balaghat) to (Gudma)
Ukwa, comprises, mainly, rocks belonging to the lower sequence of the Sausar Group,
which is characterized by a regionally uniform strike trend of NE-SW and low to
moderate dips towards NW. The ore horizon has conformable relation with the enclosing
rocks and can be traced intermittently from Bharweli to Ukwa through the occurrences at
Kanhatola, Laugur, Ghondi and Jagantola.
The low-lying areas around Ukwa, bordering the plateau, predominantly comprise
rocks of Sausar Group. The Sausar rocks occur in the areas from southern vicinity of the
existing manganese mine pits to more than 15 km north of Ukwa mines. The areas South
of mine pits expose older metamorphics in the form of gneisses and associated rocks. A
solitary thin bed of pale gritty clay belonging to Lameta beds, unconformably overlying
the Mansar schist of Sausar group is recorded in Ghondi mine section. The Deccan Traps
occur at higher levels forming plateau. The contact between Sausars and Deccan traps
occurs around 700 m above m.s.l. The traps are capped by about 25 m thick laterite. Stray
laterite mounds are also seen over older metamorphics and Sausars. The laterite contains
pockets and lenses of bauxite.

18
The generalized succession established by Shukla and Anandalwar (1973) around Ukwa
region is presented in below Table III.
Table: III - Generalised geological succession of Ukwa area (after Shukla and
Anandalwar, 1973).
Formation Brief description of rock
types
Recent and Sub - Recent Sandy soils and alluvium
Tertiary Laterite and laterite gravels
Post Sausar Intrusives Pegmatite and vein quartz,
Granite (?) Basic dykes and
orthogneisses
Bichua Formation Marbles, Calc silicate
granulite
Junewani Formation Quartz-biotite schist with
Pre-Cambrian Sausar garnet, Kyanite, staurolite
Group Chorbaoli Formation Quartz-biotite schist with
garnet and Kyanite,
micaceous-flaggy quartzites,
quartz schist
Mansar Formation Muscovite schist, quartz-
muscovite schist, quartz-
sericite-muscovite schist with
garnet
Lohangi Formation Pink calcitic marbles
(impersistant)
Sitasaongi Formation Quartzite, quartz-muscovite
schist and conglomerate.
Felspathic grits and
conglomerate
Archaean (Unclassified) Older metamorphics Ortho and paragneisses,
composite gneisses and
granite, bands and lenses of
amphibolite, epidiorite,
quartzite etc, with pegmatites
and quartz veins
Only a part of the above succession is exposed in the area around Gudma where
exploration work has been carried out. The older metamorphics are exposed in the area
South and SE of Ukwa mine and outcrop can be seen near Samnapur Nala. The major
part of the area is occupied by Mansar Formation and perhaps the litho unit exposed
around Nagjhola and East of Khursurtola in Nalira Nadi belongs to Chorbaoli Formation.

19
All the litho units have ENE-WSW regional trend with low to moderate NW dip around
Ukwa , Gudma, but there is a general tendency of steepening as one goes further North.
V.01.1 Geological set up

Khan and Fulmari, 1996 carried out exploration an area of 51 sq.km and mapped
around Ukwa on 1:25,000 scale with a view to have better understanding of the
geological set up and to find out additional ore horizon, if any. The area covered by large
scale mapping exposes the older metamorphics and mainly pelitic schists with manganese
ore horizon. The succession examined in the area is indicated in below table IV.
Table: IV – Geological Succession in Ukwa-Baputola area (Khan and Fulmari 1996).
Recent to sub-Recent Soil and alluvium
Tertiary Laterite
Post Sausar Pegmatite and vein quartz
Chorbaoli Formation (?) Garnetiferous quartz-muscovite-biotite
schist ± Kyanite
Mansar Formation Garnetiferous muscovite schist
Pre-Cambrian
Garnetiferous sericite schist/phyllite
Sausar Group
Garnetiferous quartz muscovite schist with
intercalations of thin quartzite
Sericite schist. Manganese ore horizon,
Interbanded Mn ore and manganiferous
quartzite.
Lohangi Formation (?) Phyllite with calcareous bands
Tectonic contact
Archaean Older metamorphics Granite gneiss with enclaves of biotite
schist, amphibolite, intruded by K-granite,
pegmatite and vein quartz

V.02 Detailed geological exploration

Khan and Fulmari, 1996 carried out detailed mapping of 5.18 sq.km area in and
around Ukwa on 1:2,000 scale. The area covered by detailed mapping exposes ENE-
WSW trending ridges and mostly paddy fields.
V.02.1 Description of Rock types

The area can be devided in two part viz, a) older metamorphic and b) Sausar
group. Older Metamorphis represented by Gneiss, enclave of schist and amphibolite
while the Sausar group is represented by schist and phyllite with Mn ore.

20
V.02.1.1 Older Metamorphics

The older metamorphics occur in the area to the immediate South of the mine pit
and they continue down South beyond the area of exploration. The unit is represented by
ortho and para gneisses which contain enclaves of amphibolite and biotite schist (Figure
V.1A,B). The amphibolite enclaves are rare in the area adjacent to the Ukwa mine. Their
intensity increases further South. These enclaves are more susceptible to lateritisation.
The laterite cappings occurring in the area South of Samnapur are perhaps developed on
these enclaves. Biotite schist occurs as thin bands and lenses up to 50 cm in thickness
within the gneisses. The rock is well foliated, and bands are stretched along the regional
foliation of the gneiss.
The gneisses are banded and augen type composed mainly of quartz, plagioclase, K-
feldspar and biotite with subordinate muscovite and chlorite. At places gradation is
observed between gneisses and the biotite schist, amphibolite and biotite granite, from
which they have been derived (After Khan et al 1993-96). The gneiss is exposed in
Bharveli – Ukwa road section near Gangulpara area (FigureV.2A,B) .
The gneisses are intruded by fine grained pink granite, aplite, pegmatite and vein quartz.
These intrusives are concentrated along the contact between gneisses and overlying
metasedimentaries. The pegmatite and vein quartz are seen in both the gneisses and
metasedimentaries, but no traces of granite and aplite have been recorded in
metasedimentaries on the surface or in any boreholes drilled by Geological Survey of
India. Hence, these granite and aplite are either part of the older metamorphics or have
been emplaced just at the beginning of Sausar orogeny, as they have been involved in the
tectonic movement taken place between the gneisses and metasedimentaries (After Khan
et al 1993-96). The gneisses and granite both are, at places, quite rich in magnetite.
Magnetite occurs as fine disseminations or mm thin stringers along the fractures. Pyrite
also, occurs in the similar fashion either in association with magnetite or without it. In
general gneisses are light grey in colour but wherever they are intruded by potassic
granite they show pinkish grey to pink colour. This granite exposed near Lud area on
Ukwa to Bithli road section (Figure V.3B).

21
Granite Gneiss.

Mafic Encaves

Figure V.1A : Older metamorphic Figure V.1B : Older metamorphic

enclaves(schist)exposed on road section enclaves exposed on road section near
near Gangulpara. T.S. no. 64C/05 Laugur. T.S. no. 64C/05

Figure V.2A : Biotite Gneiss exposed on Figure V.2B: Migmetite Gneiss exposed
Samnapur Nala Section in T.S. no. 64C/05 on Bharveli-Ukwa road Section in T.S.
no. 64C/05

22
Figure V.3A : Porphyritic granite exposed Figure V.3B : Granite exposed near Lud
on Bharveli-Ukwa road Section in T.S. no. area in T.S. no. 64C/05
64C/05

V.02.1.2 Phyllite/ Schistose rock

Metasedimentaries, the lower most unit occurring in the area is phyllite with
calcareous intercalations. The phyllite is chloritic and sericitic compositionally. At places
it grades into sericite schist. The calcareous intercalations in this unit are represented by
quartz-sericite/muscovite-calcite schist.
The presences of calcareous intercalations indicate that this unit belongs to
Lohangi Formation. This unit is quite persistent forming foot wall rock for manganese
ore horizon as evident during drilling. Occasionally sericitic quartzite interbands are also
noticed in this unit. The calcareous intercalations arc commonly recorded in footwall
rock, but very often they are also noticed interbanded with the lower part of ore horizon,
thus, perhaps, indicating the gradational relationship between Lohangi and Mansar

23
Formations. The general trend of the units is N600E-S600W with 250 to 350 dip towards
NW (Figure V.4A and B).
The uppermost unit of Mansar Formation is Garnetiferous Quartz muscovite
schist. This unit occurs in hanging wall above Mn ore horizon. This lithounit is well
foliated and fine to medium grained. Major mineral are muscovite, Quartz and Garnet.
The general trend of this unit is vary from N450E-S450W to N600E-S600W with 250 to
350 dip towards NW.
Petrographic study of schist reveals that the rock represents a garnet-quartz-
muscovite-biotite- schist with accessory opaques, tourmaline, apatite and monazite. The
rock is compositionally banded with alternate layers rich in micas and quartz. Calcite is
more concentrated in the coarser quartz-rich layers in calc-schist while Qtz is dominating
in Qtz-Muscovite schist. Garnet crystal is embedded in a muscovite-biotite. Under
microscope it showing well developed scistosity and crenualation. (Figure V.5A,B ).
Refrection cleavage can be identified easily in thin section (Figure V.10B).

Figure V.4A : Garnetiferous Quart Figure V.4B : Manganese dendrite in

Muscovite schist exposed on Bharveli- Sericite schist exposed on Jagantola Mine
Ukwa road Section in T.S. no. 64C/05 in T.S. no. 64C/05
V.02.1.3 Manganese ore horizon

Mn ore occurs as bands interbanded with cherty manganiferous and ferruginous

quartzite and impure calcareous rock as quartz-sericite/muscovite-calcite schist. Apart

24
from manganiferous and ferruginous quartzite and calcareous rock, Mn ore is also
interbanded occasionally with sericitic phyllite/schist, particularly at the lower portion of
the horizon. The individual bands of quartzite and calcareous rock varies in thickness
from <1 cm to 30 cm. The ore is either massive in nature or is banded with mm thin
quartzite and carbonate partings. The ore is dark grey coloured and fine grained. The Mn
ore horizon is continuous band (Figure V.6A and B) showing culmination and depression
nature and due to deformation in the area. It occurs as massive, high grade ore as well as
interbanded with quartzite, low grade ore. Total thickness of Mn ore intersected in 7
different boreholes (GDBH-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6 & 7) is 4.36m. The maximum thickness of ore
horizon was observed in GDBH-1 (1.38m) and minimum thickness in GDBH-4 (0.25m).

Figure V.5 A : Photomicrograph shows Figure V.5 B : Photomicrograph shows

Garnet Porphyroblasts embedded in a schistosity with crenulations in
muscovite-biotite under PPL Garnetiferous quartz muscovite schist
under XPL

V.02.2 Structures

V.02.2.1 Primary Structures

In metasedimentaries the most important non diastrophic structure is bedding
plane (So) (Figure V.6A and B)., which is very well preserved in ore horizon in the form
of compositional layering represented by alternations of Mn ore and manganiferous
quartzite, with occasional calcareous and rare argillaceous (sericitic schist) bands. The
colour/compositional layering in footwall phyllite also represent the bedding plane of the
25
rock. The banded nature of quartz-mica schist and calcareous mica schist is also because
of original compositional layering. The bedding in ore horizon and associated footwall
and hanging wall rocks strikes NE-SW to ENE-WSW and dips at low to moderate angles
towards NW.

Figure V.6A: S-0 as observed in Figure V.6B: Undulations in Manganese

Manganese ore horizon in MOIL mine pit, ore horizon due to deformation in MOIL
Ukwa (B), T.S. no. 64C/05. mine pit,Ukwa (B), T.S. no. 64C/05.

V.02.2.2 Secondary Structures

Secondary structures in the gneiss are in the form of gneissic foliation and mineral
lineations. The secondary structures in the metasedimentaries are in the form of axial
plane schistosity (S1) of regional (F1) folds with which is associated intersection Iineation
(L1) formed by the intersection of bedding with schistosity (Figure V.10A, B). The axial
plane cleavage (S2) of second-generation folds (F2) is associated with minor folds and
intersection Iineation (L2) formed by the intersection of axial plane with So or S1. In the
similar fashion the evidences of F3 and F4 and related planar and linear structures i.e. S3,
L3 and S4 and L4 are also recorded in the area which are better observed and understood
in metasedimentaries. (After Khan et al. 1993-96)
The structural data reveals that the area has undergone at least four phases of
folding deformation (D1 to D4/F1 to F4). The first phase (D1) was the major one which

26
gave rise to ENE-WSW major (F1) overturned folds. The Sausars present in Ukwa area
are considered to be the southeastern limb of an overturned synform and regional
foliation (S1) as axial planar to F1 folds. This phase has given rise to subhorizontal
intersection lineations (L1) formed by intersection of S1 on So plane. The second phase
(D2) has been represented by low west to WSW plunging minor folds (F2) which has
developed subvertical crenulations (S2) on So and S1 planes and L2 intersection lineations
and fold axes. (After Khan et al; 1993-1996.).
The third phase (D3) is not very well developed throughout but wherever
recognizable, it is seen in the form of NNE-SSW trending warps (F3) and associated axial
planar cleavage (S3) and intersections Iineation (L3) and fold axes (Figure V.8A,B ). The
S3 strikes in NNE-SSW direction and dips sub vertically. L3 is low NNE plunging (After
Khan et al; 1993-1996.)
The fourth phase of deformation (D4) has given rise to NW-SE trending open
warps on earlier formed planar structures, producing depressions and culminations. The
F4 are low north-westerly plunging with subvertical axial plane giving rise to NW-SE
striking and sub vertical dipping axial plane cleavage (S4) and low to moderate NW
plunging intersection lineations (L4) and fold axes (Figure V.9A) (After Khan et al; 1993-
1996.)
The culminations and depressions in the levels of intersection of ore horizon is
perhaps because of the combined effects of the different phases of deformations).
The contact between older metamorphics and Sausars is tectonic which is also
evidenced by mylonitization of gneisses along the contact. This feature is perhaps related
to the first phase of deformation (D1). It indicates that D1 is represented by F1 folding and
probably thrusting also. The event has imparted shear foliation on gneisses showing
parallelism with the S1 of Sausars. Perhaps the original planar structure (gneissosity) of
older metamorphics has been obliterated by D1 along the contact with Sausars. (After
Khan et al. 1993-1996)

27
Figure V.7 : M type fold present in granite gneiss exposed North-West of Gudama
block, Ukwa.

Figure V.8A : Sericite schist undergone different Figure V.8B : Phyllite showing S-3
phases of deformation plane as observed in near Banjari, T.S.
no. 64C/05 in cross section dipping NW.

28
 Figure V.9 : Phyllite showing S-4
plan as observed in near Banjari,
T.S. no. 64C/05 in cross section
dipping NW.

Figure V.10A : Photomicrograph shows Figure V.10 B : Photomicrograph shows Quartz-

crenulations in S1 in Quartz-muscovite-biotite Muscovite Schist indicating schistosity and cleavage
schist. refraction

V.02.3. Metamorphism
The area have undergone metamorphism of lower granulite facies in the Bharweli
Ukwa area. The Sausar have undergone amphibolite facies of metamorphism with the
successively higher zones being encountered from south to north. The low grade phyllites
29
of the Mansar Formation partly belong to the greenschist facies. The chief constituent
minerals are muscovite, chlorite and quartz. The associated pelitic schists of Mansars
have undergone metamorphism of chlorite-biotite zone. The major constituent minerals
are quartz and muscovite with subordinate amount of biotite and chlorite. (Figure V.5AB
and V.10AB).
V.02.4 Mineralogy of the ore zone and ore texture
Mn ore comprises braunite, hollandite, bixbyite, hausmannite, haematite,
pyrolusite and cryptomelane in varying proportion. Braunite is the most abundant mineral
in the ore, followed by hollandite. Texturally the ore is either massive or banded. The
massive type comprises mostly braunite and hollandite with granoblastic fabric while the
banded ore has thin but distinct bands rich in braunite or hollandite or bixbyite.
By the ore beneficiation study it was found that in area majar amount of braunite
and quartz with subordinate amount of psilomelene, cryptomelene and carbonate
(rhodochrosite, dolomite and calcite), minor amount of garnet and pyrolucite and very
minor amount of feldspar (plagioclase, microcline), jacobsite, amphibole, mica,
pyroxene, hausmanite & rhodonite. Hollandite, tourmaline, clay, epidote, hematite and
goethite/limonite is present.

V.02.5 Pitting and trenching

No pitting and trenching was carried because in work area ore horizon lies very deep.

V.02.6 Sampling
V.02.6 .1 Core Samples

Core samples of -120 mesh size were prepared and submitted after drilling was
completed. Details of sampling methodology is explained in chapter IX and weighted
average calculation is attached in Annexure-VII . A total number of 44 Core samples
was prepared including check samples. Details of samples collected from individual
boreholes are described below (table V):

Table-V Details of core samples

Borehole No From To Sample No Lithology Mn%

CS/01/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.05
GDBH-1 99.57 99.82 Sericite Schist
18/GDBH-1

30
 CS/02/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 32.64
GDBH-1 99.82 100.269 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-1
CS/03/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 41.18
GDBH-1 100.269 100.575 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-1
CS/04/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 44.95
GDBH-1 100.575 100.9 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-1
CS/05/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 5.65
GDBH-1 99.57 101.2 Manganiferous quartzite
18/GDBH-1
CS/06/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 34.04
GDBH-1 100.9 101.2 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-1
CS/07/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.77
GDBH-1 101.2 101.45 Phyllite
18/GDBH-1
CS/01/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.08
GDBH-2 97.2 97.45 Sericite Schist
18/GDBH-2
CS/02/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 35.09
GDBH-2 97.45 97.77 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-2
CS/03/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 41.13
GDBH-2 97.77 97.94 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-2
CS/04/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 14.66
GDBH-2 97.45 98 Manganiferous quartzite
18/GDBH-2
CS/05/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.25
GDBH-2 98 98.25 Phyllite
18/GDBH-2
CS/01/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.31
GDBH-3 146.65 146.91 Sericite Schist
18/GDBH-3
CS/02/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 5.77
GDBH-3 146.96 147.6 Manganiferous quartzite
18/GDBH-3
CS/03/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 31.26
GDBH-3 146.91 147.427 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-3
CS/04/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 28.82
GDBH-3 147.427 147.69 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-3
CS/05/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 1.25
GDBH-3 147.69 147.94 Phyllite
18/GDBH-3
CS/01/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.07
GDBH-4 128.11 128.36 Sericite Schist
18/GDBH-4
CS/02/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 8.08
GDBH-4 128.36 128.52 Manganiferous quartzite
18/GDBH-4
CS/03/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 30.07
GDBH-4 128.4 128.6 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-4
CS/04/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.22
GDBH-4 128.6 128.85 Phyllite
18/GDBH-4
CS/01/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.30
GDBH-5 122.56 122.81 Sericite Schist
18/GDBH-5
CS/02/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 5.14
GDBH-5 122.81 123.9 Manganiferous quartzite
18/GDBH-5
CS/03/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 20.23
GDBH-5 122.86 123.164 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-5
CS/04/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 21.88
GDBH-5 123.164 123.414 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-5

31
 CS/05/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 34.43
GDBH-5 123.414 123.58 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-5
CS/06/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.09
GDBH-5 123.9 124.15 Phyllite
18/GDBH-5
CS/01/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.09
GDBH-6 141.5 141.75 Sericite Schist
18/GDBH-6
CS/02/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 2.32
GDBH-6 141.8 142.325 Manganiferous quartzite
18/GDBH-6
CS/03/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 28.25
GDBH-6 141.75 142.35 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-6
CS/04/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.05
GDBH-6 142.35 142.6 Phyllite
18/GDBH-6
CS/01/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.03
GDBH-7 139.62 139.87 Sericite Schist
18/GDBH-7
CS/02/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 4.85
GDBH-7 133.87 141.05 Manganiferous quartzite
18/GDBH-7
CS/03/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 40.01
GDBH-7 139.883 140.305 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-7
CS/04/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 30.06
GDBH-7 140.305 140.893 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-7
CS/05/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 36.50
GDBH-7 140.893 141.05 Mn Ore
18/GDBH-7
CS/06/ JBP/GDM/ 2017- 0.05
GDBH-7 141.05 141.3 Phyllite
18/GDBH-7
CHK/01/JBP/GDM/2017- 33.22
Mn Ore
18
CHK/02/JBP/GDM/2017- 41.90
Mn Ore
18
CHK/03/JBP/GDM/2017- 31.31
Mn Ore
18
CHK/04/JBP/GDM/2017- 8.82
Check Samples Manganiferous quartzite
18
CHK/05/JBP/GDM/2017- 2.53
Manganiferous quartzite
18
CHK/06/JBP/GDM/2017- 22.50
Mn Ore
18
CHK/07/JBP/GDM/2017- 40.10
Mn Ore
18

V.02.7 Discussion of results of chemical analysis of samples

A total of 44 nos. core samples including 7 nos Check samples, 20 nos. BRS,10
nos. REE, 10 nos. PCS and 5 nos. of XRF samples were collected and analysed.
BRS were collected from different lithology such as granite gneiss, Schist,
Phyllite and manganese ore present in and around in the study areas. Samples indicated
MnO value range from 0.03% to 30.07%, high value of MnO% 11.06 to 30.07% was
32
found in mn ore collected from Ukwa and Gudma pit. Values of P2O5 value ranging in
from 0.03 to 3.83 % and Values of Fe2O3 vary from 0.21% to 56.21%. High values of
Fe2O3 i.e 44.02 and 56.21 mg/kg is received in lateritic samples. Due to high amount of
quartz SiO2 value is also high and varies from 13.31% to 90.96%. High silica values i.e
90.21 and 90.96% belong to quartz vein samples. The elements like Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co,
Cr show sympathetic relations due to similar ionic radius. The Cu values range from 10
ppm to 740 ppm. (Annexure-I).

The sample for REE analysis (Annexure-II) collected from granite gneiss, Quartz
vein, Garnetiferous quartz mica schist and soil Though some of the REE elements viz. La
and Ce are showing higher values 158.86 ppm and 306.89 ppm respectively in sample no.
REE-5 (Figure V.11).
Five number of samples analysed by XRF from garnetiferrous quartz muscovite
schist, phyllite, pyrite bearing quartz vein, manganiferous quartzite and Mn ore. These
samples was not showing any encouraging value of Mn. One sample from Mn ore
showing higher value of Ba i.e 31200 mg/kg (Annexure-III).
PCS were collected from Gneiss, Schist, GQMS, Sericite schist etc. samples
indicated MnO value range from 0.02% to 41.98%, high values of MnO was found in
Sricite Schist samples collected from borehole GDBH-5 at hanging wall. This high value
is may be due to presence of dendrite of Mn. Value of P2O5 ranging in from 0.04 to 2.3 %
and Values of Fe2O3 vary from 2.97% to 6.9%. Concentration of trace element viz. Ba is
ranging from 141ppm to 17341mg/kg highest value 17341mg/kg received from
Manganetiferous bearing sericite chlorite schist. and value of Sr is also high in same
smple i.e 724mg/kg (Annexure-IV).Core samples were collected from whole ore horizon
(ore plus waste rock). Individual details of samples are mentioned in Table-VI. Here
value of Mn found to varying from 0.03 to 44.94%. Lower value of Mn is received in
Hanging wall and foot wall samples i.e Sericites schist and phyllite while in
Manganiferous quartzite value is intermediate and in ore samples value are in higher side.
Average grade of Mn in borehole GDBH-1 is 28.07%, in borehole GDBH-2 is 30.80%, in
borehole GDBH-3, 19.31%, in borehole GDBH-4, 22.74%, in borehole GDBH-5,
16.39%, in borehole GDBH-6, 13.55 and in borehole GDBH-7, 20.72% was found.
33
 Index
Quartz vein Granite Gneiss
Quartz vein Soil
Granite Gneiss Quartz vein
Granite Quartz vein
Garnetiferrous Quartz Muscovite Schist Quartz vein

Figure V.11: REE Chondrite (Nakamuara 1974) plot.

34
 The Average values of Si for ore horizon in seven boreholes were found to be
varying from 2.31% to 44.9%. Lower value received from MnQ samples while high
value of Mn is obtained from Mn ore samples. Si content in ore horizon varies from 3.92
to 41.18 %. High silica is from MnQ while in ore samples silica is low compare to MnQ.
The Average values of P for ore horizon in seven boreholes were varying from
0.04% to 2.06%. Lower value of P received from MnQ samples while high value of Mn
is obtained from Mn ore samples from borehole GDBH-6.
The Average values of Fe for ore horizon in seven boreholes were varying from
1.32% to 7.92%. Lower value of Fe received from MnQ samples while high value of Mn
is obtained from Mn ore samples from borehole GDBH-6.
Overall grade of Mn (ore+Waste) is found 21.65% with 0.57% of P, 21.32% of Si
and 4.00 % of Fe (Annexure-V).
V.02.8 Details of interpreted ore zone on the basis of geological investigation
During the course of G-3 stage exploration in parts of Toposheet nos. 64C/5 in
Gudma block, a total of 1009.53m of drilling was done and 7 nos. of boreholes were
drilled at two levels. The composite thickness of 4.38 m ore horizon was intersected in 7
different boreholes (GDBH-1, 2,3,4,5,6 & 7). The Maximum thickness of ore horizon
was observed in GDBH-1 (1.38 m) and minimum thickness of ore horizon was observed
in GDBH-04 (0.25 m). Details of ore zone are provided in chapter 8.
V.03 Geophysical Explorations
As per earlier geophysical exploration (Gaonkar & Das, 1995), geophysical
surveys like gravity, magnetic (V.F.) and self potential methods were taken up in Ukwa
(21°58'30", 80°28W) area, Balaghat district, M.P. for finding out extension along strike
for the Ukwa manganese deposit in the soil covered gap area between Ukwa deposit and
Jagantola trench in the Western Block and to the east of the Eastern Block (Figure V.12,
V.13, V.14, V.15).
The strata bound manganese bodies are located between the mica schist and the phyllites
metasedimentaries. The metasedimentaries are overlying the granite gneiss basement.
The bedding and the foliation trends are along ENE-WSW direction with moderate dips
of about 25° to NW. The manganese horizon is exposed over a strike length of about 5
km and the thickness of the horizon ranges from 0.27 m to 6.1 m.
35
Two major magnetic anomalies, in the form of linear bands with strike length of about
3.5 km each and magnitude in the range of 100 to 400 gammas were picked up in the
western block of this area (Figure V.12). The width is about 25 and 100 m for the
southern and the northern anomalies respectively. The southern magnetic high was
recorded over the main Ukwa mine trench, where the ore body with average width of 3 m
is exposed at the surface. The anomaly shows a dominant positive high with absence of
negative low to the north. This shape is attributed to the northward dip of the ore body.
The gravity surveys (Figure V.11 & V.12) closely corroborate the results of magnetic
surveys in this area. Two linear gravity anomalies corroborate with the observed linear
magnetic anomalies. The geophysical surveys indicate strike continuation of the exposed
manganese mineralisation under soil cover, from Ukwa trench in the east to Jagantola
trench in the west, for over 1.6 km. Presence of another gravity-magnetic linear anomaly
in the soil covered area to the north of the ore body exposed in the main trench indicates
interesting possibilities for the presence of manganese mineralisation. S.P. surveys were
also carried out in this area (Figure V.11). The surveys have brought out feeble but
definite low values of the order of 20 to 80 mv and corroborate with the gravity magnetic
response over the manganese ore body exposed in trench and also support its extension to
the west over a strike length of 1.6 km. No S.P. response was recorded over the northern
gravity magnetic anomaly band. This could be due to the thick soil cover and the
causative body being at large depth.
A magnetic peak with narrow width was picked up over manganese pit on Tr. TU4 in the
eastern block. However this anomaly was not found to continue over the next traverse
located at an interval of 300 m to east. From the appearance of rapid fluctuations in
magnetic values on traverses laid further to the east in this block, it is inferred that Sausar
formations have gone under Deccan Trap rubble.

36
Figure V.12 : Magnetic contour map of Western Ukwa Block (Reproduced from Gaonkar &
Das, 1995).

Figure V.13 : Gravity contour map of Western Ukwa Block (Reproduced from Gaonkar &
Das, 1995).

37
 Figure V.14 : Residual Gravity contour map of Western Ukwa Block (Reproduced from
Gaonkar & Das, 1995).

Figure V.15 : SP contour map of Western Ukwa Block (Reproduced from Gaonkar & Das,
1995).

38
V.04 Geochemical Explorations

Geochemical exploration (NGCM) have not been carried out in TS no 64C/05 so

far due to inaccessibility in area (hilly terrain, dense jungle) and Naxals activities
reported around. During Current FSP 44 nos of core samples, 10 nos of petrochemical
sampling, of 10nos of petrological, 20 nos of bed rock samples . 10 nos of REE and 5 nos
XRF collected and submitted to concern lab. Only partially samples are analyzed and
most of results are awaited. Details of chemical analysis for current FSP mentioned in
chapter V.02.7.

39
 CHAPTER VI
INTEGRATION OF GEOLOGICAL, GEOCHEMICAL AND
GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION DATA AND INTERPRETATION
THERE OFF
VI.01 Creation of Geophysical, Geochemical, Geological (Lithological & Structural)
and Outcrop maps on true scales

During FSP 2017-18 detailed mapping on 1:2000 scale has been carried out to
plan exploration work. Earlier workers carried out geophysical work in Ukwa area which
was explained in chapter V (Figure V.12,13, 14 & 15, references therein).

VI.02 Overlay studies in GIS (Geological, Geochemical and Geophysical maps)

No overlay studies were carried out. During current study detailed geological map
on 1:2000 scale were used and digitized along with borehole locations of present work in
for better representation.

VI.03 Semitransparent overlay maps

Semitransparent overlay map could not be prepared because of unavailability of

map on true to the scale.

40
 CHAPTER VII
ABIOTIC PARAMETERS
VII.01 Soil, Surface water (Pre-monsoon and post monsoon), ground water and air
sampling

The present area comprises of Mansar Group of rocks which are result of low
grade metamorphism of pelitic rocks in the area. The lithounit consist of phyllite, quartz-
muscovite-sericite-schist, manganese ore horizon and basement biotite gneiss mainly.
Residual soils are common in the area and soil profile is well developed. Gully and sheet
erosion is the major kind of soil erosion in this area. On the basis of texture, soil in the
area are widely classified into four classes-
A). Coarse soil: It is mainly stony and gravelly soils characterized by low-grade soils
with
admixture of cobbles, pebbles and gravels generally found at the foot hills and along
nalas.
B). Medium soil: It is sandy in nature and generally found near the river and stream beds
with
60-70 percent sand and poor plant nutrients.
C). Fine soil: It loamy soils composed mostly of sand and silt with smaller amount of
clay (40%-
20% concentration respectively). This is the most common type of soil in the area.
D). Very fine soil: It is mainly clayey soils characterized by sticky when wet and very
hard when dry.
No surface and ground water sampling has been carried out in current FSP. Kumar et al
(2016-17) carried out water analysis and reported that surface water indicates manganese
rich concentration and shows low conductivity and TDS. In general the water condition
in the area is good, less contaminated and drinkable. Chemical analysis of water sample
indicates high value of Mn and Fe which is related to contamination of ground water by
leaching from mine dump and geological formations. Rest of the values of elements is
within crustal abundance limit.

41
 Ground water condition in the area is quite good. The use of ground water is
almost negligible in the area. Mica schist being the major litho unit in the country acts as
good aquifer. Luxuriant growths of natural vegetation like palm and jamun trees indicate
the shallow water table condition (After Kumar et al 2016-17).
No air sampling was carried out during the course of drilling in Gudma block.

42
 CHAPTER VIII
MINERAL DEPOSIT
VIII.01 Surface indication of mineralization
A NE-SW trending ridge exposes lithounits of Mansar Group of rock viz. phyllite,
quartz-muscovite-schist and Mn ore horizon (at places) in western Ukwa block. Earlier
workers collected bed rock samples from manganiferous zone. The encouraging value of
Mn leads to drilling in Ukwa area. At present there are no surficial outcrops present in the
area. All the outcrops have been mined out in open cast mines by MOIL. In present
scenario, drilling is performed here on the basis of previous work along strike extension
of western Ukwa block. To have idea about nature of mineralization underground and
open cast mines were visited during the regional traverses. No surficial indication such as
oxidised zone was encountered.
VIII.02 Mode of occurrence
Manganese ore horizon is part of Mansar horizon. However there is transgressive
relationship between lower phyllitic (calcareous) and upper ore bearing Mansar formation
as calcite is found in lower part of ore horizon in the form of thin veins. Mn ore occurs
as <1 cm to 15 cm thick bands interbanded with cherty to jaspery manganiferous and
ferruginous quartzite and impure calcareous rock as quartz- sericite/muscovite-calcite
schist(After Khan et al 1993-96). The ore is either massive in nature or is banded with
mm thin quartzite and carbonate partings. Very often biotite occurs as thin layers along
bedding plane. The ore is dark grey coloured and fine grained and the ore horizon at
places shows fractured to brecciated nature. The interstices in brecciated and fractured
zones are occupied by quartz and carbonate veinlets and encrustations. The fracturing and
brecciation deteriorates the quality of the ore (After Khan et al 1993-96).
VIII.03 Nature of Mineralisation
The ore horizon is shallow, thin and pockety at the eastern end of Ukwa deposit,
whereas it is thin but continuous at the western end of the deposit. During the course of
drilling in strike extension of western block, ore horizon is found to be continuing along
strike as well along dip, however thickness variation is observed (Table. VI). The surface
and subsurface observations have clearly indicated the syn-sedimentary stratiform origin

43
of the ore, as evidenced by lithological association and conformable nature of ore bands
with them. It shows pinch and swell structures, which may be due to combined effect of
depositional feature with different phases of deformation. The culmination and
depression in the levels of intersection of ore horizon along the strike and dip direction is
perhaps because of combined effects of multiple deformation (Figure V.6, A, B).
VIII.04 Details of Mineralised Zone
As per earlier works Ukwa deposit had a strike length of 5.4 km in total.
However, during present work, the ore horizon is found to be persisting along strike
extension of western Ukwa block. Width of mineralised zone found in this block varies
from 0.25 m to 1.38 m (thickness of ore horizon as found during drilling). No
geophysical or geochemical exploration is carried out during current work. Details of
mineralized zone are given in table no. VI below as intersected during drilling.
Table- VI Depth of intersection of mineralization in Gudma Block
Section BH Total Drill Mineralized Zone (MZ) in Thickness of
Line Depth in meter MZ in meter
meter From To

AB GDBH-01 106.50 99.82 101.20 1.38

GDBH-03 167.20 146.91 147.6 0.69
CD GDBH-02 119.4 97.45 98 0.55
GDBH-04 156.60 128.36 128.6 0.25
EF GDBH-05 130 122.81 123.9 1.09
GDBH-06 160 141.75 142.35 0.60
GDBH-07 170 139.87 141.05 1.18
VIII.05 Alteration zones and its relevance with mineralization
As there is no role of metamorphic fluids in deposition of ore so no alteration
zones are expected in the area. Post depositonal deformations have resulted minor
changes in disposition of ore horizon.
VIII.06 Genesis of Mineralisation/ Genetic model for mineralisation
The composition of footwall and hanging wall rocks and association of
manganiferous cherry quartzite, carbonate rock with phyllitic intercalation in ore horizon
suggests that the total association is characteristic of chemopelitic environment of
deposition. The contacts of ore horizon with footwall and hanging wall rocks are quite
44
sharp. Even within the ore horizon different litho units have sharp contact with each
other. The sequence could be represented as below:
Hanging Wall: Quartz sericite schist
Ore horizon
Foot Wall: Sericitic phyllite and schist with calcareous intercalations
The ore horizon has conformable relationship with hanging wall and footwall rocks. It
has quite distinct lithological characters mostly representing chemogenic association
within chemopelitic to pelitic sequence forming footwall and hanging wall rocks (Khan
and Fulmari, 1996). No genetic model is being suggested by present authors.
The Proterozoic (c. 2.0Ga) Sausar Group,India, including the manganese deposits, have
been complexly deformed and metamorphosed to grades ranging from lower greenschist
facies to upper amphibolite facies. This sequence consists of metamorphosed equivalents
of a limestone-shale-orthoquartzite assemblage (Roy 1966, 1981) indicating a shelf
environment.The presence of dolomite at the top (Bichua Fm)indicates further shallowing
of the basin. Interbanded Mn oxide orebodies (braunite, bixbyite, hollandite, jacobsite,
hausmannite) and Mn silicate-oxide rocks are interstratified with metapelites and
orthoquartzites (Mansar Fm) and less commonly occur as conformable lenses in
carbonate rocks of the older Lohangi Fm. The protoliths of these Mn rich rocks were Mn
oxide/hydroxide sediments admixed with variable amounts of Fe, Si, and A1. The Mn
silicate-carbonate rocks, derived from Mn carbonate progenitor with admixed impurities,
also occur as isolated pockets in the Mn oxide ore horizon of the Mansar Fm. The Mn
oxide deposits are inferred to have formed on the continental shelf during a sea-level
highstand, when detrital supply was minimal. Deposition above the redox interface
produced Mn oxides even on the carbonate substrate (Lohangi Fm). Mn carbonate
sediments in the Mansar Fm were diagenetically derived from Mn oxides by reaction
with calcareous partings in isolated pools where an evaporative condition developed.
(Genetic diversity of manganese deposition in the terrestrial geological record - After S.
Roy at al).

45
 CHAPTER IX
EXPLORATION BY DRILLING
IX.01 Stage of exploration by drilling
As per UNFC classification, this exploration can be classified as G-3 stage as
drilling is being carried out for assessment of manganese ore potential in strike extension
of western Ukwa block and to know strike extension of Manganese mineralisation in
depth.
IX.01.1 Field guidelines for adoption of United Nations Framework
Classification
Manganese horizons in sedimentary and metasedimentary sequences of stratiform
and stratabound nature are classified for UNFC norms on the following basis:
1. Geological survey:
(i) Mapping on 1:25,000 to 1:5,000 or larger scale with triangulation points, benchmarks,
if any shown.
(ii) Linking of maps so prepared with topogrid.
(iii) Assessment of lithology, structure, surface mineralisation, analysis of old history of
mining.
2. Geochemical survey:
(i) Grid geochemical sampling- rock type wise and if necessary, soil domain- wise (for all
metallic mineral exploration).
3. Geophysical survey:
(i) Detailed ground geophysical work.
4. Technological:
(i) Pitting/trenching/ drilling depending on variability;
(ii) Selection of drilling sites best suited to unravel the lithological/ structural
complexities.
5. Petrographic:
(i) Petrographic study of rocks of the deposit and its surroundings, alterations (if any),
connected with mineralisation;
(ii) Determination of phase in which mineral of interest occur;

46
(iii) Mineralogical studies including paragenesis, identification of zones of oxidation and
primary zones, grain size distribution, overall characteristics of useful minerals.
IX.02 Methodology of drilling with details of type of drilling
In Gudma block conventional diamond core drilling was done. In conventional
type of drilling after each cutting run core barrel assembly was lift to recover core
samples. The drill bit used here is composed of group of small, industrial grade
diamonds set into a metallic, soft matrix. As the ground is drilled, the matrix will wear
away and expose more diamonds. This bit is attached to a drill rod or core barrel
assembly, which is around 10 feet in length, and then more members of pipe can be
attached to the top of this so a greater depth can be drilled. Drilling work in Gudma block
was done by engineering division Nagpur with conventional method and rock-drill 414 &
416 drilling unit was used.
IX.03 Borehole planning
As per the objective assigned in FSP 12nos of bore hole was proposed in Gudma
block in strike continuation of western block of the Ukwa deposit for a total of 1000m
drilling around 130m borehole interval. Borehole had to be planned to intersect ore
horizon by putting 12 bore holes that is 6 bore holes had to planned to intersect the ore
body at first level (around 50m vertical depth) and 6 boreholes to intersect the ore body at
second level (around 100m vertical depth).During the borehole planning it was observed
that the first series of boreholes were falling under the MOIL leasehold area or where
MOIL has applied for lease so it was decided to intersect ore body from out of moil lease
hold area at 100m vertical depth. First two boreholes GDBH-1 & 2were planned to
intersect ore body at second level i.e 100m. Borehole GDBH-3 & 4 was planned to
intersect ore body at third level i.e. 150m. After drilling it was found that ore body is
pinching in dip direction. During MTR 2017-18 it was decided than third level drilling
should not be done as ore body pinching in dip direction. So further three boreholes
GDBH-5 to 7 was planned at second level.
IX.04 Borehole Logging
Borehole logging was carried out and results are described as summarized
litholog in tabular form. GDBH-1 GDBH -2, GDBH-5, GDBH-6 and GDBH -7 are

47
 second level boreholes while GDBH-3, and GDBH-4 are third level boreholes. All the
GDBH series boreholes are 65° South easterly inclined.
BOREHOLE NO. GDBH-1:
Location Gudma Lat/Long 21°58’2.186’’:80°26’42.351’’
Block,
Section Line A-B Date of commencement 05/11/2017.
No
R.L at Collar 597 m Date of completion 29/11/2017.
Total Depth 106.50 m Vertical Depth of 90.46 m
intersection:
Depth along BH in meters Summarized Lithology Details of ore horizon
From To
Yellow silty soil with rock
0 3
fragments.
Lateritic soil with rock
3 25.80
fragments.
Weathered garnetiferous
25.80 44.10
quartz muscovite schist.
Garnetiferous quartz
44.10 74.10 muscovite schist with vein
quartz at places.
Chlorite quartz muscovite
schist and vein quartz with
rare garnets. Here
74.10 93.45 concentration of chlorite is
increasing with depth and
concentration of garnet is
decreasing with depth.
93.45 99.82 Sericite Chlorite Schist
Ore Horizon (Mn ore is Core recovery in ore zone =
99.82 101.20 interbanded with Mn- 96.00%.
quartzite).
Dendrites of Mn are observed
101.20 104.95 Phyllite
along foliation plane.
Very fine grained due to
tectonic contact. Specks of
Biotite Gneiss with veins of
104.95 106.90 magnetite and pyrite are
calcite and quartz.
observed within gneiss in
disseminated form.

48
 BOREHOLE NO. GDBH-2 :
Location Gudma Block, Lat/Long 21°57’59.4’’:80°26’39.216’’
Section Line C-D Date of commencement 21/11/2017.
No
R.L at Collar 595 m. Date of completion 22/12/2017
Total Depth 119.4 m. Vertical Depth of 88.31 m
intersection:
Depth along BH in meters Summarized Lithology Details of ore horizon
From To
0 2.6 Yellow clayey soil.
Lateritic soil with rock
2.6 19.70
fragments.
Weathered garnetiferous
19.70 26.00
quartz muscovite schist.
Garnetiferous quartz
26.00 67.80 muscovite schist with vein
quartz at places.
Chlorite quartz muscovite
schist and vein quartz with
rare garnets. Here
67.80 91.25 concentration of chlorite is
increasing with depth and
concentration of garnet is
decreasing with depth.
91.25 97.45 Sericite Chlorite Schist
Ore Horizon (Mn ore is Core recovery in ore zone =
97.45 98.00 interbanded with Mn- 100%.
quartzite).
Dendrites of Mn are observed
98.00 107.20 Phyllite
along foliation plane.
Initially very fine grained due to
tectonic contact. Specks of
Biotite Gneiss with veins of
107.20 119.40 magnetite and pyrite are
calcite and quartz.
observed within gneiss in
disseminated form.

49
BOREHOLE NO. GDBH-3:

Location Gudma Block Lat/Long 21°58’4.975’’:80°26’39.199’’

Section Line No A-B Date of 04/12/2017
commencement
R.L at Collar 597 m. Date of completion 30/12/2017.
Total Depth 167.20 m. Vertical Depth of 133.14 m
intersection:
Depth along BH in meters Summarized Lithology Details of ore horizon
From To
0 3.64 Grey/Khakhi soil
3.64 18.12 Red color lateritic Soil
Silty sandy soil with rock
fragment and at places
18.12 38.34
Garnetiferous quartz mica
shist
Sand/Silt in Garnetiferous .
38.34 52 quartz mica shist a places
schist is chloritic
Garnetiferous quartz
52 121.7 muscovite schist with vein
quartz at places.
Chlorite quartz muscovite
121.7 143.5 schist and vein quartz with
rare garnets.
143.5 146.91 Sericite Chlorite Schist
Ore Horizon (Mn ore is Core recovery in ore zone =
146.91 147.6 interbanded with Mn- 100%.
quartzite).
Dendrites of Mn are observed
147.6 153.71 Phyllite
along foliation plane.
Biotite Gneiss with veins of Very fine grained due to
153.71 164.01
calcite and quartz. tectonic contact.
164.01 167 Coursed grained gneiss

50
BOREHOLE NO. GDBH-4:

Location Gudma Block, Lat/Long 21°58’02.4’’:80°26’36.8’’

Section Line No C-D Date of commencement 24/12/2017
R.L at Collar 596 m. Date of completion 16/01/2018
Total Depth 156.60 m. Vertical Depth of 116.33 m.
intersection:
From To
0 4 Yellow clayey soil.
4 13 Lateritic soil with rock fragments.
Weathered garnetiferous quartz
13 14 muscovite schist.
Garnetiferous quartz muscovite schist
14 18.5 with vein quartz at places.
Chlorite quartz muscovite schist and vein
quartz with rare garnets. Here
concentration of chlorite is increasing
with depth and concentration of garnet is
18.5 23 decreasing with depth.
23 25 Sericite Chlorite Schist
Ore Horizon (Mn ore is interbanded with
25 30 Mn-quartzite).
30 41.6 Phyllite
Biotite Gneiss with veins of calcite and
41.6 99.05 quartz.
99.05 107.25 Quartz muscovite schist with rare garnets.
107.25 122.7 Quartz muscovite schist
Sericite schist(With Chlorite increasing
122.7 128.36 downward)
Sericite schist (with Mn ore). Ore Core recovery in ore zone =
Horizon (Mn ore is interbanded with Mn- 100%..
128.6 132.02 quartzite).
Dendrites of Mn are observed
132.02 147 Phyllite along foliation plane.
Very fine grained due to
tectonic contact. Specks of
magnetite and pyrite are
Biotite Gneiss with veins of calcite and observed within gneiss in
147 156.6 quartz. disseminated form.

51
BOREHOLE NO. GDBH-5:

Location Gudma Block, Lat/Long 21°57’57.5’’:80°26’35.9’’

Section Line No E-F. Date of commencement 08/01/2018.
R.L at Collar 594 m. Date of completion 21/01/2018
Total Depth 130 m Vertical Depth of 111.30 m
intersection:
Depth along BH in meters Summarized Lithology Details of ore horizon
From To
0 12.10 Yellow clayey soil.
Lateritic soil with rock
12.10 18.05
fragments.
Weathered garnetiferous
18.05 21.20
quartz muscovite schist.
Garnetiferous quartz
21.20 69.80 muscovite schist with vein
quartz at places.
Chlorite quartz muscovite
schist and vein quartz with
rare garnets. Here
69.80 116.30 concentration of chlorite is
increasing with depth and
concentration of garnet is
decreasing with depth.
116.30 122.81 Sericite Chlorite Schist
Ore Horizon (Mn ore is Core recovery in ore zone =
122.81 123.90 interbanded with Mn- 100%.
quartzite).
Dendrites of Mn are observed
123.90 129.78 Phyllite
along foliation plane.
Very fine grained due to
tectonic contact. Specks of
Biotite Gneiss with veins of
129.78 130.40 magnetite and pyrite are
calcite and quartz.
observed within gneiss in
disseminated form.

52
BOREHOLE NO. GDBH-6:

Location Gudma Block Lat/Long 21°57’54.405’’:

80°26’31.671’’
Section Line G-H Date of commencement 22/01/2018
No
R.L at Collar 592.6 m Date of completion 19/02/2018
Total Depth 160 m Vertical Depth of 128.46 m
intersection:
Depth along BH in meters Summarized Lithology Details of ore horizon
From To
0 7 Red/Khakhi soil
7 15 Red color silty soil
Red color Soil with sand and
15 25.5
rock fragments
25.5 29 Sand with garnetiferous
Garnetiferous Quartz
29 36.5 Muscovite Schist with
mangnatite
Greenish color coarsed
36.5 69.9 grained Garnetiferous
Quartz Muscovite Schist
Greenish color medium
69.9 104.5 grained Garnetiferous
Quartz Muscovite Schist
Greenish color medium
104.5 135.1 grained Garnetiferous
Quartz Muscovite Schist
Sericite schist(With Chlorite
135.1 141.75
increasing downward)
Sericite schist (with Mn Core recovery in Ore zone =
ore). Mn ore is brecciated 100%.
141.75 142.35
and interbanded with
quartzite.
Dendrites of Mn are observed
142.35 150.54 phyllite
along foliation plane.
Very fine grained due to
tectonic contact. Specks of
Fine grained gneissic
150.54 160.05 magnetite and pyrite are
(Biotite)
observed within gneiss in
disseminated form.

53
BOREHOLE NO. GDBH-7:

Location Gudma Block, Lat/Long 21°57’49.4’’:80°26’27.2’’

Section Line No I-J Date of commencement 23/02/2018.

R.L at Collar 589.7 m Date of completion 13/03/2018

Total Depth 170 m. Vertical Depth of 126.76 m
intersection:
Depth along BH in meters Summarized Lithology Details of ore horizon
From To
0 15 Red/Khakhi soil

Soil and Garnetiferous

15 35.5 Quartz Muscovite Schist

Garnetiferous Quartz
35.5 65.8 Muscovite Schist

Garnetiferous Quartz .
Muscovite Schist at places it
65.8 129.8 is chloritic

Garnetiferous Quartz
Muscovite Schist with
129.8 133 mangnatite

133 139.87 Sericite schist

Mn ore interbanded with Core recovery = 100%.

139.87 141.05 quartzite.

141.05 146.9 phyllite Dendrites of Mn are observed

along foliation plane.
Very fine grained due to
tectonic contact. Specks of
Fine grained gneissic magnetite and pyrite are
146.9 170 material observed within gneiss in
disseminated form.

54
 IX.05 Core Recovery Percentage
Core recovery is the borehole core recovery percentage of solid, cylindrical,
pieces of rock core. In Gudma block core recovery percentage varies from top to bottom.
From top to 20m depth average core recovery is about 0-5%, from 20 to 40m it is about
50% and after 40m to 128m in Schistose rock it is about 90 to 100%. At the mineralised
zone recovery varies from 90 to 100%. At footwall side core recovery is 40 to 50% and
after phyllite in gneissic rock it is about 95 to 100%.

IX.06 Geophysical logging of borehole and correlation with borehole Geology

Geophysical borehole loggings have been carried out in boreholes GDBH-1 and
GDBH-3, Gudma block, Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh by deploying Microlloger unit and
acquired the data of Self Potential, Single Point Resistance, Natural Gamma and
Resistivity as per requisition received from Geologist of the project for F.S. 2017-18.
Resistance / Resistivity logs in conjunction with SP log prove useful in detection of
mineralized zones.

1) BOREHOLE No. - GDBH-1

This borehole was logged on 29-11-2017 up to depth of 105.01 m and as per
analysis and interpretation of the data of Self Potential, Single Point Resistance, Natural
Gamma and Resistivity, one conductive zone has been identified between 99.40-100.80
m.

2) BOREHOLE No. - GDBH-3

This borehole was logged on 30-12-2017 up to depth of 166.53 m and as per
analysis and interpretation of the data of Self Potential, Single Point Resistance, Natural
Gamma and Resistivity, one conductive zone has been identified between 147.25-148.30
m

55
 Figure.IX.1

56
 Figure.IX.2

57
IX.07 Mineralogy of the ore zone

Manganese ore deposits occur mainly as metamorphosed bedded sedimentary

deposits associated with Gondite Series. Mn ore occurs as <1 cm to 15 cm thick bands
interbanded with cherty to jasper rich manganiferous and ferruginous quartzite and
impure calcareous rock as quartz sericite/muscovite-calcite schist (Figure IX.3). Apart
from manganiferous and ferruginous quartzite and calcareous rock, Mn ore is also
interbanded occasionally with sericitic phyllite/schist, particularly at the lower portion of
the horizon (Figure IX.4). The ore is either massive in nature or is banded with mm thin
quartzite and carbonate partings. Brecciation is also very common in ore horizon. Very
often biotite occurs as mm-thin layers along bedding plane. The ore is dark grey coloured
and fine grained. Cnmmon ore which found in Gudma Block are Psilomelane, Braunite,
Rhodochrosite, Hollandite, Bixbyite and Hausmannite.

Figure : IX.3 Interbanding of Manganese Ore Figure : IX.4 Dendrites of Manganese

and Manganiferous Quartzite in GDBH-7. in Phyllite at footwall due to secondary
enrichment , Borehole GDBH-6.

58
IX.08 Borehole deviation test and methodology

Borehole deviation test was carried out using etching method by hydrofluoric acid (HF).
Test tubes were inserted at every -30 m RL for an hour with HF. Once test tubes was
etched; angles were measured and deviation angle was determined (Figure. IX.5).

GDBH-2: Deviation of -1° to 4° was observed in this borehole.

FROM TO ANGLE ACTUAL ANGLE

MEASURED
0 39 71° 65°
39 78 72° 66°
78 119 74° 69°

GDBH -3: Deviation of -1.50 to 40 was observed in this borehole.

FROM TO ANGLE ACTUAL ANGLE

MEASURED
0 55 74° 69°
55 110 70° 63.5°
110 166 73° 67.5°

GDBH -4: Deviation of -1.50 to 2.5 °was observed in this borehole.

FROM TO ANGLE ACTUAL ANGLE

MEASURED
0 48 70° 63.5°
48 96 69° 62.5°
96 150 73° 67.5°

GDBH -5: Deviation of -30 to 30 was observed in this borehole.

FROM TO ANGLE ACTUAL ANGLE

MEASURED
0 45 73° 67.°
45 90 71.5° 66°
90 130 72° 65.5°

59
GDBH -6: Deviation of 0.50 to 40 was observed in this borehole.

FROM TO ANGLE ACTUAL ANGLE

MEASURED
0 53 71.5° 65.5°
53 106 72.5° 67°
106 159 74° 69°

GDBH -7: Deviation of -2.50 to 30was observed in this borehole.

FROM TO ANGLE ACTUAL ANGLE

MEASURED
0 56 72° 66°
56 112 69° 62.5°
112 169 73.5° 68°

60
 Figure IX.5 : Diagram showing etch angle measurement from
test tube ( D.A. Berkman, )

IX.09 Methodology of the ore zone sampling

For sample collection methodology of earlier workers (Khan et al 1993-96) has
been followed. Here Mn ore and Mn quartzite has been sampled independently from ore
horizon. For Mn ore sample length of 25cm has been used , though at places it is less than
25 cm due to remaining sample left after sampling. For Mn quartzite a single sample is
prepared from whole ore horizon in each borehole. Samples from adjacent hanging wall
and footwall have also been collected along with samples from ore horizon (Mn ore
samples and Manganiferous Quartzite sample) to see the dispersion of Manganese. For
hanging wall and foot wall sample length 25 cm was kept.
A total number of 44 Core samples have been prepared out of 100sample due to
thinning of ore horizon. Samples were prepared as per run of drilling.

61
IX.10 Sample preparation, Chemical analysis and laboratory procedures
Samples from ore zone were cut into two halves. One half of sample was
pulverized up to -120# size. Other one was sent to core library. Pulverized sample was
thoroughly homogenized after preparation of sample in powder form. Conning and
quartering had been done after homogenization and sample were collected into two equal
halves. One halve of sample was sent to chemical lab, Nagpur and another one was
preserved for future use. Necessary precautions were taken to avoid contamination of the
samples.

IX.11 Check samples

Seven number of check samples were submitted from each boreholes for analysis.
IX.12 Details of Ore Zones of the boreholes
The details of the ore zone intersected in Gudma Block of each borehole is given
below in Table -VII.
Table-VII The details of the ore zone intersected in Gudma Block of each borehole
Section Borehole no. Mineralized Zone (MZ) in Thickness Mineralization
Line meter of MZ in
From To meter

AB GDBH-01 99.82 101.20 1.38m Mn ore inter

banded with
Manganiferous
Quartzite
CD GDBH-02 97.45 98 0.55m do
AB GDBH-03 146.91 147.6 0.69m do
CD GDBH-04 128.36 128.6 0.24m do
EF GDBH-05 122.81 123.9 1.09m do
GH GDBH-06 141.75 142.35 0.60m do
IJ GDBH-07 139.87 141.05 1.18m do

62
 CHAPTER X
ORE BENIFICIATION STUDY
Ore beneficiation is a process for extractive metallurgy which improves the
economic value of the ore by removing the gangue minerals, results in a higher grade
product (concentrate) and a waste stream (tailings).
During current FSP no beneficiation studies has been carried out. For resource
estimation bulk density of previous workers will be used.
During FSP 2016-17 about 23kg of manganese ore core sample from Ukwa
western block was submitted to IBM, Nagpur for beneficiation and bulk density study.
The objective of beneficiation study was to develop suitable beneficiation process rout
for the production of manganese concentrate for industrial use. The sample consisted
major amount of braunite and quartz with subordinate amount of psilomelene,
cryptomelene and carbonate (rhodochrosite, dolomite and calcite), minor amount of
garnet and pyrolucite and very minor amount of feldspar (plagioclase, microcline),
jacobsite, amphibole, mica, pyroxene, hausmanite & rhodonite. Hollandite, tourmaline,
clay, epidote, hematite and goethite/limonite are noticed in trace amount in the sample.

The sample assayed 22.26%Mn, 6.06%Fe(T), 41.21%SiO2 4.60%Al2O3 3.95%

CaO, 1.42%BaO, 0.98%MgO, 0.78%Na2O, 1.40%K2O, 0.15% TiO2 and 0.24% P.
The bulk density of the manganese ore sample was found to be 2.09 T/m3.The
beneficiation process done by gravity separation employing jigging and tabling followed
by mangnetic sepration. The sample is amenable to beneficiation and the concentrates
obtained may find use on blending.

63
 CHAPTER XI

GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES ON BOREHOLE CORE SAMPLES OF

MINERALISED ZONE, HANGING WALL AND FOOTWALL SIDE

No geotechnical studies were carried out during current FSP; however RQD analysis of
core samples was done during borehole logging. Details of RQD analysis is given below:

XI.01 RQD (Rock quality designation studies): RQD analysis of cores collected were
analyzed. Methodology used is explained in figure below.

Figure XI.1: Diagram illustrating RQD calculation (D.U. Deere and D.W. Deere,
1988).

Data obtained after analysis is described in tabular form in table-IX. RQD value of only
core samples after soil is mentioned below (Run with ore horizon is marked in bold).

64
Table- VIII Details of RQD

GDBH-1 GDBH-1
From (m) To (m) RQD (%) From (m) To (m) RQD (%)
25.80 44.40 0 77.25 78.05 100
44.40 45.80 56.42 78.05 80.85 29.64
45.80 47.30 92.06 80.85 84.00 56.19
47.30 48.75 66.89 84.00 87.15 88.88
48.75 51.25 42.40 87.15 90.30 91.11
51.25 53.25 98.04 90.30 93.45 75.23
53.25 55.25 65.5 93.45 96.60 51.74
55.25 57.25 79.0 96.60 99.80 64.00
57.25 60.30 91.47 99.80 100.30 26.00
60.30 60.59 34.48 100.30 100.80 0
60.59 63.15 81.64 100.80 101.20 0
63.15 66.30 59 101.20 102.70 0
66.30 68.05 74.87 102.70 104.45 0
68.05 71.20 81.58 104.45 104.95 20
71.20 74.10 86.55 104.95 106.90 95
74.10 77.25 93.33
GDBH-2
From (m) To (m) RQD (%) From (m) To (m) RQD (%)
19.50 24 0 40.40 43.60 71.56
24.00 26.00 24 43.60 46.60 53.33
26.00 27.40 41.4 46.60 49.50 37.93
27.40 30.00 53.84 49.50 51.00 45.33
30.00 33.00 92 51.00 54.00 59.00
33.00 35.85 69.47 54.00 57.10 66.12
35.85 38.85 68.00 57.10 60.20 63.54
38.85 40.40 30.32 60.20 62.75 55.29

65
 GDBH-2
From (m) To (m) RQD (%) From (m) To (m) RQD (%)
62.75 64.50 14.85 97.15 98.00 27.00
64.50 67.50 59.33 98.00 100.40 0
67.50 70.50 39.33 100.40 102.00 0
70.50 72.80 52.17 102.00 103.70 0
72.80 76.00 35.00 103.70 105.30 0
76.00 79.20 67.50 105.30 106.30 0
79.20 82.30 79.35 106.30 108.40 38.00
82.30 85.45 94.28 108.40 111.60 90.93
85.45 88.65 86.25 111.60 113.10 85.33
88.65 91.85 56.87 113.10 116.20 89.03
91.85 94.00 84.65 116.20 119.40 97.5
94.00 97.15 84.44
GDBH-3
From (m) To (m) RQD (%) From (m) To (m) RQD (%)
48.5 50 6.67 85.5 88.8 75.15
50 52 23.00 88.8 91.5 71.85
52 55 26.33 91.5 94.3 50.71
55 58 28.67 94.3 97.4 75.81
58 59 0.00 97.4 100.5 74.52
59 62.2 55.62 100.5 102.5 64.00
62.2 65.4 52.19 102.5 105.7 50.31
65.4 68.6 57.50 105.7 108.9 48.75
68.6 71.8 63.44 108.9 112.1 26.25
71.8 75 70.94 112.1 115.3 73.44
75 78.2 47.19 115.3 118.5 70.94
78.2 81.4 67.81 118.5 121.7 65.62
81.4 83.4 66.50 121.7 124.9 62.50
66
 83.4 85.5 61.90 124.9 128.1 84.69
128.1 130.7 77.31 148.6 149.8 0.00
130.7 133.9 66.25 149.8 151.4 6.88
133.9 136.5 58.08 151.4 153 53.13
136.5 139.7 56.25 153 154.6 93.75
139.7 142.8 85.16 154.6 157.8 76.25
142.8 146 68.44 157.8 161 68.00
146 147.6 0.00 161 164 85.63
147.6 148.6 0.00 164 167.2 26.25
GDBH-4
From (m) To (m) RQD (%) From (m) To (m) RQD (%)
0 41.6 0.00 101.05 104.15 28.39
41.6 45 0.00 104.15 107.25 39.68
45 46.5 33.00 107.25 110.3 37.38
46.5 49.4 66.89 110.3 112.3 11.50
49.4 52.6 48.00 112.3 114.6 6.09
52.6 55.8 29.06 114.6 116.2 17.50
55.8 58.9 38.71 116.2 119.2 29.67
58.9 62.1 56.88 119.2 119.7 0.00
62.1 65.1 65.00 119.7 122.7 61.33
65.1 68.2 25.48 125.8 128.6 28.39
68.2 71.4 30.94 128.6 130.8 61.43
71.4 74.6 68.44 130.8 132.9 5.00
74.6 77.8 39.06 132.9 135.4 5.71
77.8 81 68.44 135.4 137.4 0.00
81 84.2 67.81 137.4 140.6 23.00
84.2 87.4 68.75 140.6 143.8 92.19
87.4 90.6 60.00 143.8 147 93.13
90.6 93.8 75.00 147 150.2 100.00
93.8 95.85 49.76 150.2 153.4 93.48
95.85 99.05 56.88 153.4 156.6 79.00

67
 99.05 101.05 37.50
GDBH-5
From (m) To (m) RQD (%) From (m) To (m) RQD (%)
18.10 19.10 0 85.40 88.20 53.57
19.10 20.10 0 88.20 91.40 58.437
20.10 21.25 0 91.40 94.00 35.76
21.25 24.25 45.33 94.00 95.80 18.33
24.25 27.45 59.37 95.80 97.00 19.16
27.45 30.65 59.68 97.00 100.15 78.73
30.65 33.85 53.75 100.15 102.50 80.00
33.85 35.20 33.10 102.50 103.20 78.57
35.20 38.45 78.43 103.20 106.20 94.00
38.45 40.00 25.80 106.20 109.20 80.66
40.00 43.10 76.45 109.20 112.20 96.33
43.10 44.80 41.76 112.20 115.10 91.37
44.80 46.00 0 115.10 118.30 53.43
46.00 49.20 56.56 118.30 119.10 27.50
49.20 51.80 0 119.10 122.30 76.87
51.80 55.00 53.43 115.10 118.30 53.43
55.00 58.20 37.50 118.30 119.10 27.50
58.20 61.20 15.00 119.10 122.30 76.87
61.20 63.40 39.00 122.30 122.90 65.00
63.40 66.60 49.00 122.90 123.50 9.66
66.60 69.70 56.12 123.50 123.90 0
69.70 72.90 42.50 123.90 125.10 0
72.90 76.00 75.48 125.10 126.60 0
76.00 79.20 86.25 126.60 128.10 0
79.20 82.20 74.66 128.10 129.10 0
82.20 85.40 89.00 129.10 130.40 32.30

68
 GDBH-6
From (m) To (m) RQD (%) From (m) To (m) RQD (%)
0 27.7 0.00 101.5 104.5 50.00
27.7 29 10.77 104.5 107.6 69.67
29 32.1 17.10 107.6 110.6 54.19
32.1 35.1 41.33 110.6 113.7 37.67
35.1 36.5 15.71 113.7 116.9 55.16
36.5 39.7 53.44 116.9 120 76.25
39.7 42.9 74.69 120 123.2 67.74
42.9 45 64.76 123.2 126.3 84.69
45 48.2 28.44 126.3 129.4 85.81
48.2 51.3 84.19 129.4 132.5 83.23
51.3 54.4 40.97 132.5 135.1 92.90
54.4 57.4 55.67 135.1 138.3 79.62
57.4 60.6 62.50 138.3 141.5 89.06
60.6 63.7 51.29 141.5 141.9 65.00
63.7 66.8 78.06 141.9 142.05 0.00
66.8 69.9 55.48 142.05 142.2 0.00
69.9 73 23.55 142.2 142.35 0.00
73 76.2 77.18 142.35 144.1 0.00
76.2 79.4 64.38 144.1 145.8 24.00
79.4 82.5 72.90 145.8 147.7 0.00
82.5 85.6 86.45 147.7 150.45 0.00
85.6 88.7 83.87 150.45 153.65 43.27
88.7 91.9 59.37 153.65 156.85 92.50
91.9 95.1 70.31 156.85 160.05 87.81
95.1 98.3 66.88

69
 GDBH-7
From (m) To (m) RQD (%) From (m) To (m) RQD (%)
17.50 35.50 0 107.40 110.60 75.62
35.50 38.50 14.00 110.60 113.80 83.75
38.50 41.60 17.41 113.80 117.00 86.25
41.6 43.9 67.39 117.00 120.20 79.37
43.9 47.1 69.37 120.20 123.40 79.37
47.1 48 16.67 123.4 126.6 89.69
48 51.2 52.50 126.6 129.8 90.62
51.2 54.4 52.50 129.8 133 76.56
54.4 57.6 64.37 133 136.2 67.19
57.6 60.75 41.90 136.2 139.4 85.62
60.75 62.25 31.33 139.4 140.15 20.00
62.25 64.9 56.60 140.15 142.6 30.20
64.9 65.8 68.89 142.6 144.3 52.35
65.8 69 61.87 144.3 146.9 41.15
69 72.2 62.81 146.9 150.1 81.88
72.2 75.4 80.62 150.1 153.3 91.25
75.4 78.6 72.19 153.3 156.2 87.93
78.6 81.8 77.19 158.60 161.80 93.75
81.80 85.00 80.00 161.80 165.00 86.25
85.00 88.20 71.56 165.00 168.10 79.35
88.20 91.40 65.31 168.10 170.00 100
91.40 94.60 73.43
94.60 97.80 73.43
97.80 101.00 37.81
101.00 104.20 58.75
104.20 107.40 59.68

70
 CHAPTER XII
RESOURCE ESTIMATION
XII.01 Introduction
Resource estimation of ore resource is based on persistence of the ore horizon
along its strike, dip, thickness and grade of the manganese ore. All factors have been
determined in the exploration by drilling.
As current works is based on delineation of strike extension of western Ukwa block and
to calculate resource; Gudma block is considered here for drilling with close intervals and
resource estimation. LV section and cross sections for resource estimation have been
prepared.
XII.02 Detailed description of ore zones with core recovery
The manganese ore zone comprises manganese ore interbanded with
manganiferous quartzite and associated waste rock. Mn ore occurs as <1 cm to 15 cm
thick bands interbanded with cherty to jaspery manganiferous and ferruginous quartzite
and calcareous rock as quartz-sericite/muscovite-calcite schist. Apart from
manganiferous and ferruginous quartzite and calcareous rock, Mn ore is also interbanded
occasionally with sericitic phyllite/schist, particularly at the lower portion of the horizon.
The ore is either massive in nature or is banded with mm to cm thin quartzite and
carbonate partings. Depth of intersection of ore horizon is listed below in table no. X
along with description of core recovery.
Table-IX Depth of intersection of mineralization in Gudma Block with recovery.

Section BH Total Drill Mineralized Zone (MZ) in Thickness Core

Line Depth in meter of MZ in recovery
meter From To meter
along the
borehole
AB GDBH-01 106.50 99.82 101.20 1.38 96.01%
GDBH-03 167.20 146.91 147.6 0.69 100
CD GDBH-02 119.4 97.45 98 0.55 100
GDBH-04 156.60 128.36 128.6 0.25 100%
EF GDBH-05 130 122.81 123.9 1.09 100
GDBH-06 160 141.75 142.35 0.60 100
GDBH-07 170 139.87 141.05 1.18 100

71
XII.03 Cut off grade consideration
Cut off grade of 10% will be used as per latest IBM Mineral Yearbook (2015).
Earlier the lowest Mn grade to be considered was 35%.
XII.04 Minimum stopping width consideration
The thickness of ore horizon varies from 0.24 m to 1.38 m as observed during
drilling. In general, the minimum stopping width is taken as 2.0 m for underground
mining methods. However, for open cast mining the bench thickness is taken as stopping
width, which varies from 2 m to 5 m. Here minimum stopping width is not considered as
ore body is less than 2m.
XII.05 Correlation of ore lodes
The mineralised zone may be termed as the zone, which contains the ore mineral
in traces or in visible quantity. However, the zones that contain the manganese ore and
Manganiferous quartzite are considered as ore zones. Here ore horizon is marked on the
basis of visual estimate. The correlation has been constructed by joining the ore zone
intersection points of all the boreholes falling in first series (Figure. XII.1). Cross sections
were prepared across the strike of the ore body for all the section lines (Figure. XII.2 to
6), along which boreholes were drilled.

72
Figure XII.1 Correlation of ore load at second level.

73
Figure XII.2 Borehole cross section for GDBH-1 & 3.

74
GDBH-4
RL.596

Figure XII.3 Borehole cross section for GDBH-2 & 4.

75
Figure XII.4 Borehole cross section for GDBH-5.

76
Figure XII.5 Borehole cross section for GDBH-6.

77
Figure XII.6 Borehole cross section for GDBH-7.

78
XII.06 Description of lodes
Ore lodes have been described above in 12.2 sections.
XII.07 Preparation of LV sections
In longitudinal vertical section the R.L. of the intersection of the ore body is
projected on any vertical plane parallel to the strike of the ore body. Cross sections were
prepared across the strike of the ore body for all the section lines, along which boreholes
were drilled. L-V section along the strike of the ore body (Plate-VI) is also prepared
where all the seven boreholes (viz. GDBH-1 to GDBH-7) have intersected ore horizon.
Area of influence is taken between half of two boreholes.
XII.08 Preparation of Level Plan
Ore body is not cutting in same level as it is deformed so level Plan is not
prepared.
XII.09 Assumptions for resource estimation

The following assumptions were followed while calculating the resource:

1. As the objective was to calculate the resource so all boreholes are taken into
consideration drilled during FSP.
2. Area influenced by MOIL boundary is excluded in resource calculation.
3. Strike influence of particular borehole is taken half on either side in LV section.
In case of last section lines on either side strike influence is reduced to 25%.
4. The dip length of the intersection by first level of borehole has been considered
upto the boundary of the area of MOIL, as the ore body is exposed in the trenches
dug by MOIL. The dip influence of first and second level series borehole is taken
to be half the distance between two boreholes. 25% of spacing between the
boreholes is taken as influence area beyond the second level.
5. For the boreholes with only first level, dip influence is taken as half the depth of
intersection along the borehole.
6. For estimates of gross tonnage of material the bulk density used is 2.09 based on
beneficiation studies carried out in IBM for an item of FSP 2016-17 of GSI.
7. Tonnage = volume x bulk density (Tonnage is calculated using this formula).

79
XII.10 Methodology of ore resource estimation
XII.10.1 Longitudinal-Vertical Section method
In LVS method the RL of the intersection of orebody has been projected on vertical
plane parallel to the strike of the ore body and lodes have been co-related. The area
determined by the LVS has been multiplied by the horizontal thickness of the ore body to
know the volume of ore body. i.e Tonnage= Horizontal width (cumulative thickness of
Mn bands in a borehole measured in cross section) x Strike length x Dip RL difference (
i.e. Difference of higher RL – Lower The intersection R.L. is marked on the appropriate
level).
The distance between the vertical lines on either side of the intersection point
indicates the effective strike extent for the intersection.
 The horizontal lines placed on above the intersection point and the other below it,
indicate the upper and the lower levels respectively between which the dip length
is effective.
 The dip of the ore horizon is indicated at the top left hand corner of the panel.
 Tonnage of gross resource( ore + waste) indicated by each intersection is
indicated in table 12.3

From LV section method volume of block is calculated 73741.84m3 and tonnage is

154120.44 ton with average grade of 21.65% (Table-XI).
XII.10.2. Cross section method
There are two rules following which the resource is estimated by Cross Section method.
i) Rule of nearest point.
ii) Rule of Gradual change.
The rule of nearest point of cross sectional area method for estimation of resource has
been adopted with reference to the ore zone intersected in each borehole. The entire area
along individual cross section is calculated for all the boreholes falling in the same cross
section This is also known as rule of equal influence and according to this the value of
any point between two stations is considered constant, equal to the value of the nearest
station. In a general case of borehole A and B with thickness t1 and t2, the value of each
one extent to midpoint ‘M’ between holes (Figure XII.7). Any point on line AB or in the
80
area of t1 or t2, except M; is inside the “linear or area of influence” of a station A or B
and near to it than to the adjoining one. Thus this property gives the rule its name of
nearest point.

Here true thickness is determined by multiplying app thickness of ore horizon (ore +
waste) with sin of angle measured in borehole for ore horizon with respect to core axis.
By cross section method volume of block is calculated 80849.66m3 and tonnage is
168975.78 ton with 21.65% grade (Table-X).

Figure XII.7: Interpretation of values between two boreholes A and B.

81
Table X Gross resource (ore + waste) of material estimated by cross section method (Plate-I to V).

B.H. Angle App. True Dip DIP RL (m) Strike Mn (in Bulk Volume Tonnage
No. of lode Thickn Thickn length Lengt %) Density M3
Secti with ess ess (in m) h (in based on
on core along Calcula m) IBM
Line axis borehol ted (in report
e (in m) m)
Upper Lower
GDBH- 533 485 28.07
AB 85°
1.38 1.25 115 90
2.09
12937.5 27039.3
1

GDBH- 538 491 30.80

CD 80°
0.55 0.50 96 127
2.09
6096 12740.6
2

GDBH- 485 440 19.31

AB 75°
0.69 0.63 99 90
2.09
5613.3 11731.79
3

GDBH- 491 464

0.24 0.22 22.74 2.09
CD 4 75° 73 127 2039.6 4262.8

GDBH- 525 462

EF 80°
1.09 0.99 109.5 132
16.39 2.09
14309.4 29906.6
5

GH
GDBH-
85°
0.60 0.54 168
515 436
174
13.55 2.09
15785.28 32991.23
6
GDBH- 1.18 1.07 529 430 20.72 2.09
IJ 70° 138 163 24068.58 50303.33
7
Averaged
21.65
Grade 80849.66 168975.78 ton
% Total
m3 (0.168 mt)

82
 Table XI Gross resource of material (ore + waste) estimated by LV section method (Plate-VI).

B.H. Ang App. Horizontal Dip Dip RL (m) Strike Mn (in Bulk Volume Tonnage
Section No. le of Thick Width as length Length %) Density M3
Line lode ness Calculated (m) (m) based on
with (in m) (in m) IBM report
core
axis
Upp Lower
er
AB GDBH- 85° 48 533 485 28.07 2.09 11875.68 24820.17
1 1.38 2.749 90

CD GDBH- 80° 47 538 491 30.80 2.09 5634.736 11776.58

2 0.55 0.944 127

AB GDBH- 75° 45 485 440 19.31 2.09 8777.68

3 0.69 1.037 90 4199.85

CD GDBH- 75° 27 491 464 22.74 2.09 2587.14

4 0.24 0.361 127 1237.86

EF GDBH- 80° 63 525 462 16.39 2.09 18944.67

5 1.09 1.090 132 9064.44

GH GDBH- 85° 0.60 1.195 79 515 436 13.55 2.09 16426.47 34331.32
174
6
IJ GDBH- 70° 1.18 1.568 99 529 430 20.72 2.09 25302.81 52882.88
163
7
Averaged Grade 21.65% Total 73741.84 154120.44ton
m3 (0.154 mt)

83
 CHAPTER XIII
RECOMMENDATION
After the drilling work it was found that in strike direction ore body shows pinching and
swelling. In borehole GDBH-1, 5 & 7 it shows swelling while in GDBH- 2 & 6 ore body shows
pinching. In the dip direction along borehole GDBH-1 & 2 ore body shows pinching. In SW side
of block ore body is continuing as encountered in borehole GDBH-7. Further exploration may be
done in South West direction towards Jagantola which is active mine. Development of this block
upto G-2 stage would certainly help to extend the life of existing mine at the later stage through
MMDR amendment act, 2015(Auctioning).

84
 CHAPTER XIV
CONCLUSION
Drilling was carried out in Gudma block during FSP 2017-18. Drilling was started
on 05.11.2017 and completed on 13.03.2018. A total of 1009.53 m of drilling were done
and 7 nos. of boreholes were drilled at second (100m) and third (150m) level to know
strike and depth continuity of manganese horizon. A total of 4.38 m thick ore horizon
was intersected in 7 different boreholes (GDBH-1, 2,3,4,5,6 & 7) with maximum
thickness of ore horizon as 1.38m (GDBH-1) and minimum thickness of ore horizon as
0.24 m (GDBH-4). A total of 44 nos. core samples including 7 nos check samples, 20
nos. BRS, 10 nos. REE, 10 nos. PS. 10 nos. PCS and 5 nos. of XRF samples were
collected and submitted to concern lab for analysis. Core Logging along with
geophysical logging of two boreholes was done. DGPS survey was carried out and block
boundary was demarcated along with borehole points.
The area exposes rocks of Archaean age in the form of older metamorphics and of
Pre-cambrian age as Sausar Group. Both the sequences have a regional strike of ENE-
WSW to NE-SW and dip at low to moderate angles towards NW. The area has undergone
at least four phases of deformation. The contact between older metamorphics and Sausars
is tectonic (thrusted after Khan et al 1993-96).
The manganese mineralisation in the area is syn-sedimentary associated with the Sausar
Group of rocks. The ore horizon probably transgresses from Lohangi to Mansar
formations. Ukwa deposit has been proved to extend over a strike length of 5400 m.
According to earlier workers, the continuity of the ore horizon has been tested for more
than 300 m of vertical depth in the eastern part of the deposit and more than 200 m in rest
of the deposit over major part of the strike length. In terms of dip length, it measures up
to 700 m from the surface exposure of ore horizon in Ukwa mine. Bottoming of ore
horizon has not been observed. However, grade and thickness of ore at depth are not very
encouraging due to high content of phosphorous at greater depth. Thickness of ore
horizon ranges between <15 cm to about 10 m, the average being 3.58 m. (Khan et. al.).
The aggregate thickness of the manganese ore bands ranges between 0.23m to 4.85 m,
the average being 1.76 m (Kumar et al 2016). Lithologically the ore horizon constitutes a

85
bed with sharp contacts with its hanging wall and footwall rocks. During current FSP a
total of 5.73 ore horizon has been intersected in 7 boreholes. Along the borehole
minimum thickness of ore horizon is 0.24m and maximum 1.38m was intersected.
Structurally the Gudma ore deposit shows pinch and swell either side of strike. Along dip
direction also the ore horizon shows pinching at depth due to culmination and depression.
By cross section method volume of block is calculated 80849.66m3 and tonnage is
168975.78 ton and from LV section method volume of block is calculated 73741.84m3
and tonnage is 154120.44 ton found. Average value of Mn 21.65%, P-0.57%, Si-21.32%
and Fe-4% are found.

86
 REFERENCES

Akolkar, S., 1973. Note on Exploration drilling at Ukwa-Gudma area, Balaghat District,
Madhya Pradesh, Un pub. Report, F S 1972-1973.

Bhoskar, K.G. and Rao, B.V. 1974-75. A report on the assessment of manganese ore in
jagantola - ghondi and samnapur extension sectors, balaghat district, madhya
pradesh.

Bose, P.N. 1986-87: General reports for 1886-87.

Burton, R.C. 1913-15: Progress report for field seasons 1913-14 and 1914-15(unpublished).

Dash, B.R. Singh Lakhmi, Ghosh. D and Joshi V.P, 1975. Report on Geophysical
investigations for manganese in Aolajhiri-Balaghat-Jara Mohegan areas, Balaghat
District, Madhya Pradesh. Field Seasons 1974-1975 (Unpublished report of GSI).

Devrajan, M.K., and Hakim, A., 1992: A report on the second generation mapping of the
area between Bharweli and Ukwa, Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh. Unpub. Prog.
Rep. Geol. Surv. Ind. Op. M.P. II (F.S. 1990-91)

Fermor, L. L.,1926. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, V 59, pp 77-78.

Fermor L. L.,1909. The Manganese ore deposits of India. Mem Geo Sur India. Vol 37.

Khan, A.S., and Fulmari, M.,1996. A report on exploration and assessment of manganese
ore potential in extension area along dip direction of Ukwa deposit M.P., Un pub.
Report, F S. 1993-96.
Kumar, S. and Khandelwal, K., 2018, Final report on general exploration for manganese
mineralization in western block of Ukwa, Balaghat district, Madhya pradesh

Mahurkar, Y.V., 1979. Borehole Plan of Ukwa Manganese Deposit, Balaghat District,
MP (Field Seasons 1976-1979).

Narayanswamy S. et al., 1963. Geology of manganese-ore deposits of the manganese belt

in MP and adjoining parts of Maharashtra. General introduction GSI Bull Series A,
No.22 Part 1 PP 1-67.

Pal, R.N., and Deshmukh , S.S. 1973-74. Report on the study of siltstone bands
associated with the manganese ore horizon in Ukwa, Bharweli, Laugur area,
Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh.

Roy, Supriya 1981 Manganese Deposits Academic Press, PP 458.

87
Roy, S., 1962. Study of the metamorphic manganese ores of Bharweli mine-area,
Madhya pradesh, India and their ore genesis. Econ. Geol., V 58, pp195-208.
Roy, S.,1997. Genetic diversity of manganese deposition in the terrestrial geological
record

S.G. Gaonkar and A.K. Das, 1997. Report on geophysical investigation for manganese
mineralisation in Ukwa area, Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh.

Shukla, K.D. & Anand Alwar, M.D.,1973. Geology of manganese-ore deposits of

Balaghat Ukwa area District MP GSI Bull Series A, No. 22 Part 7, pp 1-65.

Shukla, K.D. 1951-52. Progress report for field-season 1950-51 (geological mapping of a
part of Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh)

Shukla, K.D and Anandalwar, M.A., 1973.. The geology and manganese deposits of the
Balaghat-Ukwa area Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh Bull. Geol. Sur. Ind. Ser
.A, 22, Vol. VII.

Straczek, J.A., , 1956: Manganese ore deposits of Madhya Pradesh, India. 20 th Int. Geol.
Cong., Mexico Session, Symposium on Manganese, Vol. 4, pp. 63-96.

Suryanarayana & Mulay V.V., 1972. A report on the assessment of low-medium

phosphorous manganese ore investigation in Jagantola – Ghondi (I), Dhansua –
Laugur (III) and Laugar – Kanhatola (II) sectors, Balaghat District, MP. (FS Report
1970-71) Unpub Report. Geol Surv Ind.

Taraknath Pal and S. K. Bhowmik, 1997. Metamorphic history of Sausar group of

rocks.Un published report, FS 1995-97.

GSI Zawar Training material, 2015.

IBM mineral book, 2015.

D.U.Deere and D.W.Deere, 1988. Rock Quality designation in practise, American

Society for testing materials, Philadelphia, pp 91-101.

88
 STATUS OF MINERAL EXPLORATION REPORT IN TERMS OF UNFC COMPLIANCE (2017-18)
FINAL REPORT ON GENERAL REPORT ON PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION OF
MANGANESE MINERALISATION IN GUDMA BLOCK, AN EXTENSION OF WESTERN
Title of the report
UKWA BLOCK, BALAGHAT DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH ( Stage G-3)

Item no. Authors: Amit Kumar, Sr. Geologist.

Year: 2017-18
065/ME/CR/MP/2017/056 Keshav Khandelwal, Geologist.
Complied, Chapter
Stage G-2 Nature of compliance required (Page No.)/Not Remarks
complied
I) Summary (1) Factual Data C,II (5-10)
Objectives was A)
To know strike
extension of
Manganese
mineralisation in
depth. B)
C, XIII(84) Assessment of
(2) Recommendations
manganese ore
potential in strike
extension of
Western Ukwa
block.

(3) Cost estimation C, II(9) 3,51,560

II) Introduction (4) Scope & Purpose C, I(5-10)

(5) Authority NC
(6) Current/Post Property Examination )BGI NC
(7) Principal Sources of Information NC
(8) Acknowledgement NC
III) Property Description (9) Size, Continuity, Shape, surface rights C,III(11-13)
(10) Third party issue NC
(11) Climate/rights with dates C,III(11-13)
(12) Land Title Officer C,III(11-13)
(13) Lat/Long/Village/town/district/mine site C,III(11-13) Locality Index
(14) Accessibility/infrastructure C,III(11-13)
(15) Land
NC
nature/water/timber/power/gas/agriculture/manpower
(16) Environmental issues/plan act/park/preservation NC
(17) Climate/topography C,III(11-13)
(18) Impact on landscape on mining NC
(19) Map of area/Block with roads/accessibility C Plate-VIII
IV) History (20) Previous work highlights C, IV(14-17)
(21) Attachment of previous maps/sections/tables NC
(22) Previous Mining History NC
(23) Reasons for closure NC
(24)Earlier production data NC
(25) Data on nearby mines NC
(V) Geoscience
investigation
(1) Geology (26) Stratigraphy C, V(20)
(27) Lithology C, V(20-24)
(28)Structure (with maps/profiles) C, V(25-28)
(29) Alteration Zones NC

89
 (30) Geotechnical C,XI(64-70)
(31) Adequacy of data density NC
(32) Reliability (quality & quantity) NC
(33) Geological model NC
(II) Investigation methods (34) Instrument & Technique NC
(35) Geology (Map with scale) C Plate-VIII
(36) Geophysical (with maps & scale) C,V(35-38)
(37) Geochemical (with map & scale) NC
(38) Data density of above NC
(39) Size & style of mineralised zone C, VIII(43-45)
(40) Diagrams NC
(41) Metallurgical tests NC
(42) Deleterious contamination source NC
(VI) Mineral Deposits
(I) Features of deposit (43) Type of mineralisation C, VIII(43-45)
(44) Mode of occurrence C, VIII(43)
(45) Nature of mineralisation
C, VIII(43)
(gosaan/alteration/structure)
(46) Reflectance of Mineralisation on geology/gp/gc NC
(47) Map given C Plate-VIII
(II) Sampling details (48) Quality & Quantity of sample information NC
(49) Reliability on resource estimation NC
(50) Nature of sampling Bed rock/grab/channel) NC
(51) Sampling method NC
(52) Introduction of duplicates in analysis NC
(III) Analysis details (53) Laboratory NC
(54) Analytical methods NC
(55) Precision & accuracy NC
(56) Cross check analysis details NC
(IV) Quality/Grade (57) Statistical data processing NC
(58) Cut off grade C, XII(72)
(59) Assumptions C, XII(79)
(V) Resource estimation (60) Geological interpretation C, XII
(61) Statement of tonnage & grade C, XII(80-81)
Fig. XII.1 to
(62) Geometry of mineralisation assumed C
XII.6
(63) Method adopted to arrive estimation C , XII(79)
(64) Estimation C, 1XII(82-83)
(VI) Economic viability (65) Rough estimation of economic viability NC
(66) Intrinsic economic interest NC
(67) Eventual economic exploration NC
* Maps and appendix have been incorporated with the report.
CERTIFICATE: Certified that this report is in compliance with UNFC G-3 stage of mineral investigation and
resource has been calculated
(AMIT KUMAR)
Geologist, GSI Jabalpur

Place: Date: Scrutinizer & Designation: Signature:

90
 LOCALITY INDEX

Location Latitudes Longitudes

Degree Minute Second Degree Minute Second Toposheet

number.

Aolajhari 21 37 00 79 35 00 64C/01
Baihar 22 03 00 80 33 00 64B/012
Balaghat 21 49 00 80 11 00 64C/01
Baputola 21 53 00 79 44 00 64C/01
Bharweli 21 50 00 80 14 00 64C/01
Chhinditola 21 58 00 80 28 00 64C/05
Ghondi 21 55 00 79 25 00 64C/05
Gudma 21 58 00 80 27 00 64C/05
Jagantola 21 57 00 80 26 00 64C/05
Jagantola 21 57 00 79 16 00 64C/05
Kanhatola 21 52 30 80 21 00 64C/01
Laugur 21 56 00 79 21 00 64C/05
Rupjhar 21 57 00 80 25 00 64C/05
Samnapur 21 58 00 80 29 00 64C/05
Ukwa 21 58 00 80 26 00 64C/05

91
 Analytical results of Bed rock Samples Annexure-I

Sl. SiO2 Fe2O3 TiO2 P 2O 5 MnO Cu Pb Zn Ni Cr

Sample No Lithology Lat Long Co(mg/Kg)
No (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg)

BRS/01/JBP/Gdm/2017- Mn Ore 21.99 80.48 21.54 23.87 0.44 2.60 29.21 410 215 315 95 110 25
1
18
BRS/02/JBP/Gdm/2017- Mn Ore 21.99 80.48 59.14 7.88 0.44 0.91 11.06 170 290 185 40 45 35
2
18
BRS/03/JBP/Gdm/2017- Mn Ore 21.99 80.48 26.37 9.55 0.15 3.83 29.92 740 380 575 85 100 30
3
18
BRS/04/JBP/Gdm/2017- Mn Ore 21.95 80.43 29.23 6.08 0.23 0.26 27.61 240 155 450 45 95 30
4
18
BRS/05/JBP/Gdm/2017- Mn Ore 21.95 80.43 25.26 5.28 0.21 0.25 30.07 200 120 380 30 60 30
5
18
BRS/06/JBP/GDM/2017- Gneiss 21.97 80.45 52.23 4.44 0.72 0.10 0.05 20 40 75 20 15 170
6
18
BRS/07/JBP/GDM/2017- Chlorite Schist 21.97 80.45 61.88 19.15 0.27 0.13 0.16 <10 10 50 35 10 25
7
18
BRS/08/JBP/GDM/2017- Quartz vein with 21.97 80.45 90.96 0.94 0.05 0.11 0.03 <10 <10 10 100 <10 10
8 18 pyrite
BRS/09/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganetite 21.97 80.45 51.04 4.37 0.92 0.06 0.07 10 20 90 30 15 120
9 18 bearing sericite
schist
BRS/10/JBP/GDM/2017- Gneiss 21.97 80.44 56.99 10.31 0.55 0.21 0.05 130 <10 80 30 15 35
10
18
BRS/11/JBP/GDM/2017- Gneiss 21.97 80.45 55.25 6.99 1.07 0.23 0.39 15 30 95 20 10 30
11
18
BRS/12/JBP/GDM/2017- Quartz vein 90.21 0.21 0.01 0.03 0.04 10 10 <10 50 10 <10
12
18 21.96 80.44
BRS/13/JBP/GDM/2017- Garnetiferous 53.40 4.70 0.74 0.06 0.16 <10 30 35 20 10 20
13 18 quartz muscovite
schsit 21.95 80.44
BRS/14/JBP/GDM/2017- Phyllite 65.12 4.10 0.61 0.06 0.13 <10 20 25 30 10 20
14
18 21.95 80.44

92
 BRS/15/JBP/GDM/2017- Pyrite bearing 5.88 1.03 0.07 0.14 70 30 95 35 35 15
18 garnetiferous
15 55.26
quartz muscovite
schsit 21.97 80.44
BRS/16/JBP/GDM/2017- Laterite 19.07 56.21 2.77 0.31 <0.04 55 20 20 10 15 85
16
18 21.96 80.44
BRS/17/JBP/GDM/2017- Laterite 13.31 23.38 7.89 0.10 0.19 90 15 40 30 35 145
17
18 21.96 80.46
BRS/18/JBP/GDM/2017- Pyrite bearing 50.27 5.27 0.87 0.11 0.09 25 30 90 25 35 80
18 garnetiferous
18
quartz muscovite
schsit 21.96 80.44
BRS/19/JBP/GDM/2017- Laterite 21.06 44.02 2.44 0.14 0.04 50 25 25 10 50 145
19
18 21.96 80.46
BRS/20/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganetitebearing 50.40 5.99 1.18 0.11 0.05 15 20 65 35 25 55
18 garnetiferous
20
quartz muscovite
schsit 21.96 80.44

93
 Analytical results of REE Annexure-II
La Ce Pr Nd Eu Sm Gd
Sl. No. Sample No Lithology Lat Long
(mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg)
REE/01/JBP/Gdm/2017-
1 Quartz vein 21.967 80.44 <1 1.39 0.13 0.53 0.02 0.13 0.09
18
REE/02/JBP/Gdm/2017-
2 Quartz vein 21.9673 80.44 9.93 19.44 2.27 8.14 0.33 1.51 1.44
18
REE/03/JBP/Gdm/2017-
3 Gneiss 21.9707 80.50 12.12 20.13 2.33 8.48 0.41 1.39 1.21
18
REE/04/JBP/Gdm/2017-
4 Granite 21.8954 80.49 56.29 94.45 9.63 30.57 1.07 3.35 3.08
18
REE/05/JBP/Gdm/2017- Granite
5 21.9673 80.44 158.86 306.89 34.43 118.04 1.56 15.99 12.51
18 Gneiss
Pyrite
bearing
REE/06/JBP/GDM/2017- Garnetiferous
6 21.9651 80.44 108 216 25 92 2.97 16.73 12.35
18 Quartz
muscovite
Schist
REE/07/JBP/GDM/2017-
7 Soil 21.9651 80.44 39 111 9 35 1.40 6.53 5.93
18
REE/08/JBP/GDM/2017-
8 Quartz vein 21.9651 80.44 8 17 2 7 0.24 1.38 1.13
18
REE/09/JBP/GDM/2017-
9 Quartz vein 21.9659 80.44 2 3 <0.1 1 0.07 0.33 0.24
18
REE/10/JBP/GDM/2017-
10 Quartz vein 21.9659 80.44 <1 <2 <0.1 <0.3 <0.02 <0.1 <0.05
18
Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Sample No Lithology Lat Long
(mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg)
REE/01/JBP/Gdm/2017-
1 Quartz vein 21.967 80.44 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.01
18
REE/02/JBP/Gdm/2017-
2 Quartz vein 21.9673 80.44 0.22 1.06 0.21 0.56 0.08 0.54 0.09
18
REE/03/JBP/Gdm/2017-
3 Gneiss 21.9707 80.50 0.19 1.06 0.22 0.67 0.10 0.66 0.11
18
REE/04/JBP/Gdm/2017-
4 Granite 21.8954 80.49 0.32 1.27 0.22 0.65 0.08 0.48 0.07
18

94
 REE/05/JBP/Gdm/2017- Granite
5 21.9673 80.44 1.48 6.44 1.02 2.78 0.33 1.94 0.29
18 Gneiss
Pyrite
bearing
REE/06/JBP/GDM/2017- Garnetiferous
6 21.9651 80.44 1.45 5.41 0.81 2.42 0.32 2.28 0.38
18 Quartz
muscovite
Schist
REE/07/JBP/GDM/2017-
7 Soil 21.9651 80.44 0.99 5.61 1.09 3.73 0.49 3.18 0.49
18
REE/08/JBP/GDM/2017-
8 Quartz vein 21.9651 80.44 0.16 0.78 0.14 0.44 0.07 0.44 0.07
18
REE/09/JBP/GDM/2017-
9 Quartz vein 21.9659 80.44 0.04 0.22 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.12 0.02
18
REE/10/JBP/GDM/2017-
10 Quartz vein 21.9659 80.44 0.01 <0.03 <0.01 <0.02 <0.01 0.02 <0.01
18

95
 Analytical result of XRF samples Annexure-III

Sl. SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O TiO2 P2O5
Sample No Lithology Lat Long
No (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)) (%) (%) (%) (%)

Garnetiferous
XRF/01/JBP/GDM/2017-
1 Quartz muscovite 21.99 80.48 53.28 28.26 6.21 0.10 0.78 0.86 6.73 1.02 0.12
18
Schist
XRF/02/JBP/GDM/2017- Pyrite bearing
2 21.97 80.44 76.66 10.35 4.80 0.39 0.77 0.35 2.03 0.41 0.34
18 quartz vein
XRF/03/JBP/GDM/2017-
3 Phyllite 21.97 80.44 17.72 34.02 19.66 0.17 0.33 0.13 0.13 9.74 0.11
18
XRF/04/JBP/GDM/2017-
4 Mn ore 21.97 80.44 27.87 5.42 7.25 0.91 0.09 35.76 0.61 0.24 1.89
18
XRF/05/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganiferous
5 21.97 80.44 84.23 1.47 4.98 0.23 <0.1 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.77
18 Quartzite

Sl. MnO LOI Ba Nb Rb Sr Y

Sample No Lithology Lat Long (mg/ Zr (mg/Kg)
No (%) (%) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg)
Kg)
Garnetiferous
XRF/01/JBP/GDM/2017-
1 Quartz muscovite 21.99 80.48 0.02 3.50 1385 17 358 116 51 196
18
Schist
XRF/02/JBP/GDM/2017- Pyrite bearing
2 21.97 80.44 0.30 1.66 448 10 102 57 10 73
18 quartz vein
XRF/03/JBP/GDM/2017-
3 Phyllite 21.97 80.44 0.05 15.56 744 36 15 18 13 479
18
XRF/04/JBP/GDM/2017-
4 Mn ore 21.97 80.44 0.38 6.45 31200 <5 38 529 33 32
18
XRF/05/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganiferous
5 21.97 80.44 6.97 1.01 5519 <5 9 317 <10 15
18 Quartzite

96
 Analytical results of PCS Annexure-IV
Sl. SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O TiO2 P 2O 5
Sample No Rock Type Lat Long
No (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
PCS/01/JBP/Gdm/2017-
1 Gneiss 21.97 80.44 64.58 14.55 4.50 2.47 1.94 4.08 3.48 0.61 0.27
18
PCS/02/JBP/Gdm/2017-
2 Phyllite 21.97 80.44 56.71 19.84 5.59 0.85 2.67 0.20 6.32 0.68 0.12
18
PCS/03/JBP/Gdm/2017-
3 Sericite Schist 21.97 80.44 57.63 24.18 5.14 0.31 2.17 0.63 6.27 0.70 0.13
18
Garnetiferous
PCS/04/JBP/Gdm/2017- Quartz
4 21.97 80.44 52.01 28.54 4.57 0.22 1.25 1.26 6.00 1.00 0.10
18 muscovite
Schist
Garnetiferous
PCS/05/JBP/Gdm/2017- Quartz
5 21.99 80.48 51.40 28.83 5.85 0.07 0.71 0.78 7.05 1.03 0.11
18 muscovite
Schist
PCS/06/JBP/Gdm/2017-
6 Gneiss 21.97 80.50 75.09 14.29 2.97 0.08 0.25 0.46 3.30 0.49 0.04
18
PCS/07/JBP/GDM/2017-
7 Gneiss 21.97 80.45 57.14 22.63 5.50 0.79 2.21 0.81 6.47 0.72 0.12
18
Mangnetite
PCS/08/JBP/GDM/2017-
8 bearing sericite 21.97 80.44 33.76 0.98 6.9 0.74 <0.1 0.12 0.75 <0.1 2.3
18
schist
Pyrite bearing
Garnetiferous
PCS/09/JBP/GDM/2017-
9 Quartz 21.97 80.44 82.69 1.32 4.68 0.21 0.04 0.08 0.23 0.1 0.78
18
muscovite
Schist
PCS/10/JBP/GDM/2017-
10 Phyllite 21.97 80.45 52.08 28.86 5.74 0.13 1.12 0.9 6.95 1.1 0.08
18
Sl. MnO LOI Ba Nb Rb Sr Y
Sample No Rock Type Lat Long Zr(mg/Kg)
No (%) (%) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg)

PCS/01/JBP/Gdm/2017-
1 Gneiss 21.97 80.44 0.11 2.17 1295 73 204 211 35 439
18

97
 PCS/02/JBP/Gdm/2017-
2 Phyllite 21.97 80.44 3.52 4.33 1542 18 227 362 46 180
18
PCS/03/JBP/Gdm/2017-
3 Sericite Schist 21.97 80.44 0.37 3.21 1308 14 293 82 39 141
18
Garnetiferous
PCS/04/JBP/Gdm/2017- Quartz
4 21.97 80.44 0.03 3.10 1146 17 265 57 14 216
18 muscovite
Schist
Garnetiferous
PCS/05/JBP/Gdm/2017- Quartz
5 21.99 80.48 0.02 3.41 1326 16 358 117 44 191
18 muscovite
Schist
PCS/06/JBP/Gdm/2017-
6 Gneiss 21.97 80.50 0.02 1.60 166 5 124 38 <10 149
18
PCS/07/JBP/GDM/2017-
7 Gneiss 21.97 80.45 0.06 1.40 1009 24 273 60 26 236
18
Mangnetite
PCS/08/JBP/GDM/2017-
8 bearing sericite 21.97 80.44 41.98 4.81 17341 <5 22 724 17 15
18
schist
Pyrite bearing
Garnetiferous
PCS/09/JBP/GDM/2017-
9 Quartz 21.97 80.44 8.81 1.59 5926 <5 14 613 <10 18
18
muscovite
Schist
PCS/10/JBP/GDM/2017-
10 Phyllite 21.97 80.45 0.11 3.37 1009 17 367 84 42 220
18

98
 Analytical result of core samples Annexure-V
SiO2 Fe2O3 P2O5 MnO TiO2
Sr. No. Sample No Lat Long
(%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
1 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 56.77 4.79 0.87 0.07 0.68
2 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 14.81 8.33 4.26 42.13 0.18
3 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 8.41 7.52 2.86 53.16 0.05
4 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 12.55 3.38 1.14 58.02 0.05
5 CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 84.77 2.10 0.61 7.29 0.05
6 CS/06/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 12.93 5.04 0.95 43.94 0.05
7 CS/07/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 64.78 7.56 0.21 1.00 0.56
8 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 61.73 5.05 0.52 0.10 0.65
9 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 22.75 9.57 1.76 45.30 0.18
10 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 18.87 6.62 0.97 53.10 0.05
11 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 45.52 10.22 1.62 18.92 0.31
12 CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 58.76 6.41 0.12 0.32 0.71
13 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 64.83 4.37 0.39 0.4 0.55
14 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 84.98 2.75 0.32 7.45 0.03
15 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 20.29 9.3 2.8 40.35 0.1
16 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 27 6.19 0.66 37.20 0.19
17 CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 67.54 6.29 0.24 1.61 0.48
18 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-4 21.9673 80.4435 69.74 4.2 0.4 0.09 0.46
19 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-4 21.9673 80.4435 74.24 3.1 0.8 10.43 0.22

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20 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-4 21.9673 80.4435 28.13 7.38 0.97 38.82 0.23
21 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-4 21.9673 80.4435 57.84 5.89 0.16 0.28 0.69
22 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 51.97 17.97 1.53 0.39 0.6
23 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 83.27 5.04 0.89 6.64 0.05
24 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 37.49 11.33 1.65 26.11 0.24
25 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 35.05 10.22 1.27 28.24 0.24
26 CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 26.18 6.53 0.97 44.44 0.1
27 CS/06/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 60.51 5.84 0.13 0.12 0.61
28 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-6 21.9651 80.4421 63.4 4.28 0.66 0.11 0.53
29 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-6 21.9651 80.4421 87.96 2.74 0.21 2.99 0.01
30 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-6 21.9651 80.4421 18.27 4.52 4.72 36.47 0.08
31 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-6 21.9651 80.4421 61.28 5.62 0.21 0.07 0.61
32 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 65.33 4.24 0.24 0.04 0.48
33 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 88.25 1.9 0.11 6.26 0.02
34 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 14.25 5.97 0.66 51.65 0.09
35 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 18.53 3.23 0.31 38.80 0.15
36 CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 10.26 3.27 0.77 47.12 0.09
37 CS/06/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 64.16 5.24 0.15 0.06 0.62
38 CHK/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9673 80.4491 11.05 9.58 4.17 42.89 0.19
39 CHK/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.967 80.4454 17.17 6.25 1.09 54.09 0.08
40 CHK/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9663 80.4445 16.17 9.42 3.19 40.42 0.1

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 41 CHK/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9673 80.4435 75.48 3.35 0.74 11.39 0.21
42 CHK/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9659 80.4433 88.52 2.89 0.23 3.27 0.01
43 CHK/06/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9651 80.4421 32.03 9.52 1.54 29.05 0.25
44 CHK/07/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9638 80.4408 11.45 5.59 0.7 51.77 0.09

Sr. No. Sample No Lat Long Mn% Si% Fe% P% Ti%

1 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 0.0542 26.4929 3.35017 0.37985 0.40754

2 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 32.636 6.91138 5.82609 1.85996 0.10788

3 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 41.18 3.92469 5.25956 1.2487 0.02997

4 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 44.945 5.85671 2.36401 0.49774 0.02997

5 CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 5.6472 39.5596 1.46876 0.26633 0.02997

6 CS/06/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 34.038 6.03404 3.52503 0.41478 0.02997

7 CS/07/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 0.7746 30.2309 5.28754 0.09169 0.33562

8 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 0.0775 28.8075 3.53202 0.22704 0.38956

9 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 35.092 10.6167 6.69335 0.76843 0.10788

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10 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 41.134 8.80606 4.63009 0.42351 0.02997

11 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 14.656 21.2428 7.14797 0.70731 0.18579

12 CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 0.2479 27.4215 4.48322 0.05239 0.42552

13 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 0.3099 30.2542 3.05642 0.17028 0.32963

14 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 5.7711 39.6576 1.92338 0.13972 0.01798

15 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 31.257 9.46873 6.50451 1.22251 0.05993

16 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 28.817 12.6001 4.32935 0.28816 0.11387

17 CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 1.2472 31.5189 4.39929 0.10479 0.28768

18 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-4 21.9673 80.4435 0.0697 32.5456 2.93752 0.17464 0.27569

19 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-4 21.9673 80.4435 8.0796 34.6456 2.16817 0.34929 0.13185

20 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-4 21.9673 80.4435 30.072 13.1274 5.16165 0.42351 0.13785

21 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-4 21.9673 80.4435 0.2169 26.9922 4.11952 0.06986 0.41354

22 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 0.3021 24.2528 12.5684 0.66801 0.3596

23 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 5.1437 38.8596 3.52503 0.38858 0.02997

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24 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 20.226 17.4955 7.92432 0.72041 0.14384

25 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 21.876 16.3568 7.14797 0.55449 0.14384

26 CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 34.425 12.2174 4.56715 0.42351 0.05993

27 CS/06/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 0.093 28.2382 4.08455 0.05676 0.36559

28 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-6 21.9651 80.4421 0.0852 29.5869 2.99347 0.28816 0.31764

29 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-6 21.9651 80.4421 2.3162 41.0483 1.91638 0.09169 0.00599

30 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-6 21.9651 80.4421 28.251 8.52606 3.16133 2.0608 0.04795

31 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-6 21.9651 80.4421 0.0542 28.5975 3.93068 0.09169 0.36559

32 CS/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 0.031 30.4876 2.9655 0.10479 0.28768

33 CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 4.8493 41.1836 1.32888 0.04803 0.01199

34 CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 40.011 6.65005 4.17548 0.28816 0.05394

35 CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 30.056 8.6474 2.25909 0.13535 0.0899

36 CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 36.501 4.78803 2.28707 0.33619 0.05394

37 CS/06/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 0.0465 29.9415 3.66491 0.06549 0.37158

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38 CHK/01/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9673 80.4491 33.225 5.1567 6.70035 1.82066 0.11387
39 CHK/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.967 80.4454 41.901 8.01272 4.37131 0.4759 0.04795
40 CHK/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9663 80.4445 31.311 7.54605 6.58844 1.39279 0.05993
41 CHK/04/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9673 80.4435 8.8232 35.2243 2.34302 0.32309 0.12586
42 CHK/05/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9659 80.4433 2.5331 41.3096 2.02129 0.10042 0.00599
43 CHK/06/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9651 80.4421 22.503 14.9474 6.65838 0.67238 0.14983
44 CHK/07/JBP/GDM/2017-18 21.9638 80.4408 40.103 5.34337 3.9097 0.30563 0.05394

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 Annexure-VI

True width and horizontal width calculation sheet

Bh. no. Intersection of Width of BH dip of θ= Sinθ True Mn

MZ in Borehole MZ in angle α MZ δ 180°- width (m) assay A
From To Borehole (degree) (degree) (α+δ) t= Sin δ Horizontal (%)
(m) t' t' width
Sin{180°-
(α+δ)}
GDBH-1 99.82 101.2 1.38 65 30 85 0.9961 1.37 0.500 2.749 28.07
GDBH-2 97.45 98.00 0.55 65 35 80 0.9848 0.54 0.574 0.944 30.80
GDBH-3 146.91 147.60 0.69 65 40 75 0.9659 0.67 0.643 1.037 19.31
GDBH-4 128.36 128.60 0.24 65 40 75 0.9659 0.23 0.643 0.361 22.74
GDBH-5 122.81 123.90 1.09 65 80 80 0.9848 1.07 0.985 1.090 16.39
GDBH-6 141.75 142.35 0.60 65 30 85 0.9961 0.60 0.500 1.195 13.55
GDBH-7 139.87 141.05 1.18 65 45 70 0.9396 1.11 0.707 1.568 20.72

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 Weighted Average Calculation Table Annexure-VII

Sample Weighted
Sample No Lat Long Sample From( in m) To (in m) Length in cm Mn% average
CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 Mn Ore 99.82 100.269 25 32.63588
CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 Mn Ore 100.269 100.575 25 41.18023
CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-
28.07247648
18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 Mn Ore 100.575 100.9 25 44.94502
CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganiferous
18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 quartzite 99.57 101.2 42.5 5.647177
CS/06/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-1 21.9673 80.4491 Mn Ore 100.9 101.2 15 34.03799

CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 Mn Ore 97.45 97.77 25 35.09151
CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-
30.73289437
18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 Mn Ore 97.77 97.94 14.1 41.13376
CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganiferous
18/GDBH-2 21.967 80.4454 quartzite 97.45 98 15.9 14.65632

CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganiferous
18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 quartzite 146.96 147.6 31.1 5.77112
CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-
19.31368986
18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 Mn Ore 146.91 147.427 25 31.25701
CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-3 21.9663 80.4445 Mn Ore 147.427 147.69 12.9 28.81687

CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganiferous
18/GDBH-4 21.9673 80.4435 quartzite 128.36 128.52 12.5 8.079568
19.07568238
CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-4 21.9673 80.4435 Mn Ore 128.4 128.6 12.5 30.0718

106
CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganiferous
18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 quartzite 122.81 123.9 44.4 5.143656
CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 Mn Ore 122.86 123.164 25 20.22603
16.39582939
CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 Mn Ore 123.164 123.414 25 21.87603
CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-5 21.9659 80.4433 Mn Ore 123.414 123.58 14.8 34.42531

CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganiferous
18/GDBH-6 21.9651 80.4421 quartzite 141.8 142.325 34 2.316195
13.554
CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-6 21.9651 80.4421 Mn Ore 141.75 142.35 26 28.25138

CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017- Manganiferous
18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 quartzite 133.87 141.05 56.5 4.84929
CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 Mn Ore 139.883 140.305 25 40.01052
20.72390799
CS/04/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 Mn Ore 140.305 140.893 25 30.0563
CS/05/JBP/GDM/2017-
18/GDBH-7 21.9638 80.4408 Mn Ore 140.893 141.05 11.5 36.50137

Determination of weighted average of Mn: Weighted average of Mn of ore in single borehole is determined by following steps.

1. Addition of multiplication of Mn values of ore with their sample length.

2. This valu thus determined by total length of ore.

Illustration: In GDBH-4 sample number CS/02/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-4 and CS/03/JBP/GDM/2017-18/GDBH-4 are considered ore. Therefore their Mn
values are multiplied with sample length and values thus obtained are added. (8*8.07956+16*30.0718). The value thus obtained is divided by total of ore
borehole which is 24, which gives the value 22.74.

107