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Glass and Types

Glass

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6 views

Glass and Types

Glass

Uploaded by

kajal.vns16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has

widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in, for example,


window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics. Firstly the glass was
manufactured in Egypt. Ordinary glass is manufactured by the composition of
various substances like silica, bleaching powder, oxides of alkaline metals, calcium
oxide (lime) etc.

Basically glass is the homogenous mixture of the silicates of various alkaline


metals of non-crystalline and transparent or less transparent substances.

Types of Glass
Water glass: It is manufactured from the compound of sodium silicate (Na 2Si03)
by heating sodium carbonate and silica. It is soluble in water.
Photo chromatic glass: This is a special type glass which turns black in sharp
shining light thus such glasses are used as light protector and eyes reliever and
thereby utilised in making eye lenses and goggles. The main reason of being black
of such glasses is the presence of silver iodide.
Pyrex glass: It is also called borosilicate glass. It has some specific characteristics
of chemical durability and more thermal inmalleable resistance power.
Lead crystal glass: This is a special type of glass which is used in making various
ornamental items by the appropriate decorative, cutting and designing. Infact on
cutting such glasses the optical phenomenon of total internal reflection takes
place very sharply and thus a pleasureous dazzling light is produced.
Soda glass: It is also called soft glass which is brittle and the cheapest and most
commonly existing glasses. This can be broken very conveniently and by the
alternation of temperature some cracks appear in such glasses.
Xena Glass: It is the best form of glass and from it chemical containers and
equipments for the scientific purposes are manufactured. This glass is basically
composed from zinc and barium borosilicate which produces the soft and good
quality of glass.
Flint Glass: It is manufactured from sodium, potassium and lead silicates which
are used in making idol objects of cultural importance, costly glass equipments or
devices. Such glasses are also used in making electric bulbs, lenses of telescopes,
microscopes, camera and prisms, etc.
Crown glass: Usually this is a soda-lime-silica glass and it is frequently used in
making lenses of eye glasses.
Crookes glass: In this glass mainly cerium oxide (CiO2) is present which sharply
absorbs the ultraviolet rays from the sunlight so utilised in making lenses of eye
glasses.
Quartz glass: This is also called silica glass because it is obtained by melting silica
and ultraviolet rays emerge out through it. Thus it is used in making bulb of
ultraviolet lamp, in making container of chemical reagents, laboratories
equipments etc.

Glasses, composition and uses


Glasse Composition Uses
s
Soda Sodium In making tube light, bottles, equipments of
Glasse Carbonate, laboratory, daily useable domestic utensils
s Calcium
Carbonate
and Silica
Flint Potassium In making of electric bulbs, lenses of camera and
Glass Carbonate telescope etc.
Crooks Cerium In making lenses of goggles.
Glass Oxide and
Silica
Potash Potassium In making glass container and laboratory equipments,
Glass Carbonate, glass utensils which are heated up to very high
Calcium temperature.
Carbonate
and Silica
Pyrex Barium In making laboratory equipments and pharmaceutical
Glass Silicate and containers or vessels.
Sodium
Silicate
Crown Potassium In making lenses of eyes glass.
Glass Oxide,
Barium
Oxide and
Silica
Lead Potassium In making costly glass containers or vessels etc.
crystal Carbonate,
glass lead Oxide
and Silica

How glasses get coloured?


During the preparation of glasses its various components or constituents in the
molten or fused state are sometimes altered (replaced) or more appropriately
some extraneous substances like metallic oxides are accessed or added, then
glasses become coloured. Also various accessible substances produce different
colours in the glasses. For example; On accessing ferric oxide in ordinary fused
glass a brown coloured glass produces. Similarly the substances like chromic
oxide, manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide etc. on mixing (accessing) in fused glass,
green, red and blue coloured glasses are produced. Generally for the fascinating
coloured glasses small quantity of metallic compounds are accessed in the molten
or fused state with their constituent’s component.

Substance Color of glasses


used for
colouring
the glass
Cobalt Oxide Deep Blue
Sodium Green
Chromate or
Ferrous
Oxide
Selenium Orange red
Oxide
Ferric Salt or Fluorescent Yellow
Sodium
Uranet
Gold Ruby red
Chloride or
Purple of
Cassias
Cuprous Glitter red
Oxide,
Cadmium
Sulphide

Cupric salt Peacock Blue


Potassium Green and green yellow
dichromate
Manganese Blue to light orange
dioxide
Cuprous salt Red
Cadmium Yellow like lemon
sulphide
Carbon Brownish black

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