52J20125 INSTA: SALMAN_UTASA

Different parts that are combined to make up the cloud:

Hardware (virtualization of hardware) + Internet Technologies (web services)
Systems Management (autonomic computing) +
Distributed Computing (utility and grid computing) = The cloud

Cloud Delivery Models:

• SaaS - Software as a Service
• PaaS - Platform as a Service
• IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
On-Premises IaaS PaaS SaaS
Data & Access Data & Access Data & Access Data & Access
Application Application Application Application
Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime
Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware
Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System
Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Virtual Machine
Compute Compute Compute Compute
Storage Storage Storage Storage
Networking Networking Networking Networking
Blue color taken by you and the red color by Cloud Computing.

1) SaaS - Software as a Service

• Stateless cloud-enabled multiple-instance applications on pay-per-use pricing.
• Deliver software applications over the Web (Web browser).
• Consumer does not manage or control the cloud infrastructure.
Benefits of SaaS to Customer:
• Outsourcing saves hosting hassle.
• Cost savings on licensing and hardware.
• Minimal hardware requirements and easy access via browser.
Benefits to Service Provider:
• Better control over software use.
• Limiting the distribution of unlicensed copies.
• Easier upgrades and patches.
• More revenue streams.
• Reducing duplication of software packages.
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Comparison Between SaaS Traditional ASP:

SaaS ASP
Multi-tenant Single tenant
Applications are Internet-aware and Applications are typical premise-based
optimized for the Internet. client/server applications with HTML-coded
Better execution and response time. interfaces for remote access.

2) Platform as a Service (PaaS):

• Offers complete application development environment and computing platform.
• Provides cloud-hosted virtual development platform accessible via a Web browser.
PaaS vendor offers:
• Virtual development environment.
• Tailored application standards.
• Configured toolkits.
• Distribution channel for developers.
Properties of a true PaaS software development platform:
• Baseline monitoring of application usage.
• Seamless integration with other cloud resources.
• Dynamic multi-tenancy support.
• Collaboration via cloud between developers, clients, and users throughout (SDLC).
• Security, privacy, and reliability as basic services.
• Browser-based development platform.

3) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

• Delivery of computing infrastructure as a service.
• Consumers can provision processing, storage, networks, and other resources.
• Consumers don't manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure.
• Consumers have control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications.
• Provides scalability to rapidly respond to demand.
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Cloud Services by Amazon

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) - Providing resizable computer capacity.
Amazon SimpleDB - Provide core database.
Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) - Cost-effective data storage.
Amazon CloudFront - Provides content delivery.
Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) - Provide queue for storing messages.
Amazon Elastic MapReduce - big data processing.
Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) - relational database.
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Cloud Deployment model - NIST
• A distinct parameterized configuration of the cloud computing environment.
Parameters:
• Storage size.
• Ownership.
• Accessibility
Note: choosing the right cloud deployment model depends on the business, storage,
networking, and computing requirements of the organization.

Cloud Deployment Models

1) Public Cloud/External Cloud:
• Owned and maintained by third-party cloud service provider.
• Publicly accessible to anyone.
• Data and applications stored on third-party servers.
• Resources provisioned dynamically by service provider.
• Access via web application or web service over the internet.
• Administration and maintenance handled by service provider.
• Pay-as-you-go pricing model charges for shared resources.
Advantages of Public Cloud: Disadvantages of Public Cloud:
• Easy setup and use.
• Data privacy and security.
• Easy data accessibility.
• Flexibility to add and reduce required capacity. • Compromised reliability.
• Scalability.
• Continuous operation time. • The lack of administrative power.
• 24/7 upkeep.
• Cost effectiveness. • Third party data access.
• Saves the cost of procuring software and updates.
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2) Private/ Internal/ Corporate cloud:

Ownership: Provides total ownership and managed by a single organization.
Accessibility: Limited access and accessible over a private network.
Storage size: Limited storage and reserved for one organization's use only.

Characteristics of Private Cloud:

- Housed in the organization’s datacenter, behind firewall.
- Allows for customized privacy and security policies.
- Capital intensive, requiring investment to buy.
Advantages of Private Cloud:
• Customizable network, storage, and components.
• Greater control over the corporate cloud information.
• High privacy, security, and reliability.
• Maximum level of scalability.
Disadvantages of Private Cloud:
• Not economical – requires cost of hardware, software, and staff training.
• Not financially feasible to adopt by small and medium organizations.

Hosting a Private Cloud Server:

1) On-Premises Private Cloud:
• Hosted in the organization’s own data center.
• Standardized processes and security.
• Limited scalability.
• Organization pays for all costs.
• Best for applications needing full control over security and infrastructure.
2) Externally Hosted Private Cloud/Outsourced Private Cloud:
• Private cloud server hosted externally.
• Cloud provider ensures privacy and data security.

3) Hybrid Cloud:
• Combines features of two or more public and private clouds.
• Integration uses standardized technology for application and data portability.
• Private cloud handles sensitive/critical services.
• Public cloud used for auxiliary services.
• Often utilized for backup due to scalability and cost-effectiveness.
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4) Community Cloud:
• It is Like private cloud but with shared ownership.
• Multiple organizations with similar technical and business needs share cloud
resources and infrastructure.

Characteristics of Community Cloud:

• Centralized multi-tenant data center architecture.
• Enables easy and efficient project initiation, development, management.
• High-cost savings shared among all users.

Example of Community Cloud: Google Government Cloud, IGT cloud, Optum Health Care.
Note: community cloud can also be hosted internally or externally.

Advantages of Community Cloud: Disadvantages of Community Cloud:

• Cost reduction. • Higher cost than that of public cloud.
• Improved security, privacy, and reliability. • Sharing of fixed storage and bandwidth.
• Ease of data sharing and collaboration. • Broad adoption is slow.

Alternative Deployment Models

1) The Linthicum Model

10 major categories/ patterns of cloud computing technology:
• Storage as a Service • Platform as a Service
• Database as a Service • Integration as a Service
• Information as a Service • Security as a Service
• Process as a Service • Management/Governance as a Service
• Application as a Service • Testing as a Service

2) The Jericho Cloud Cube Model

Describes the model for cloud computing as having four “dimensions”:

• Internal (I)/External (E) → Defines the physical location of the data.

• Proprietary (P)/Open (O) → Defines the ownership.
• Perimeterized (Per)/De-perimeterized (D-p) Architectures
Inside traditional IT perimeter or outside it?
• Insourced/Outsourced → service is provided by a third party or by your own control.
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Expected Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture

Flexibility and Resiliency
• Freedom from concerns about updating servers and installing software patches.
• Automated new service provisioning.
• Increased resources as needed.
• Focus on innovation, not maintenance.
• Device independence.

Reduced Costs
• Shift from capital to scalable operating expenses.
• Less maintenance costs.
• Less need for highly trained IT personnel.
• Efficient resource use saves support and energy costs.
• Lower overall IT operational expenses.

Centralization of Data Storage

• Provides larger storage capacity.
• Allows flexible scaling of storage.
• Cost efficiency in utilities.
• Simplifies implementation and monitoring of data.

Reduced Time to Deployment

• Fast setup at low cost.
• Access to cutting-edge technologies provided by the cloud provider.

Scalability
• Quickly allocates computing resources as demand changes.
• Enables remote optimization for organizing computing resources.
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