1. A store sells 30 shirts, 25 pants, and 45 shoes.

If the number of pants sold

increases by 25% while keeping the total number of items constant, how many
pants will be sold?
Solution:
First, let's find the total number of items the store sells. We add the number of
shirts, pants, and shoes together:
30 shirts + 25 pants + 45 shoes = 100 items
Now, we need to find out how many pants were initially sold. Since the total number
of items remains constant, we can subtract the number of shirts and shoes from the
total:
100 items - 30 shirts - 45 shoes = 25 pants
So, initially, 25 pairs of pants were sold.
Next, we need to find out how many pants will be sold after the increase of 25%. To
do this, we multiply the initial number of pants by 1.25 (since a 25% increase
means multiplying by 1 + the percentage as a decimal, which is 1 + 0.25 = 1.25):
25 pants * 1.25 = 31.25 pants
Since we cannot sell a fraction of a pair of pants, we can round this number to the
nearest whole number. In this case, 31 pants will be sold after the increase of 25%.

2. A restaurant has a ratio of 2:3:4 for pasta, vegetables, and sauce, respectively. If
they prepare 60 servings of the dish, how many servings of sauce will be
prepared?
Solution:
To solve this problem, we first need to understand the given ratio. The ratio of
pasta, vegetables, and sauce is 2:3:4. This means that for every 2 servings of pasta,
there are 3 servings of vegetables and 4 servings of sauce.
Now, we need to find out how many servings of sauce will be prepared for 60
servings of the dish. We can do this by following these steps:
1. Find the total parts in the ratio: 2 (pasta) + 3 (vegetables) + 4 (sauce) = 9 parts
2. Determine the value of 1 part in the ratio by dividing the total servings (60) by
the total parts in the ratio (9): 60 servings / 9 parts = 6.67 servings per part
3. Calculate the number of servings of sauce by multiplying the value of 1 part
(6.67) by the number of parts for sauce (4): 6.67 servings per part * 4 parts = 26.68
servings
Since we cannot prepare a fraction of a serving, we round this number to the
nearest whole number. In this case, 27 servings of sauce will be prepared for 60
servings of the dish.

3. A recipe requires a 3:2:1 ratio of flour, sugar, and butter. If 30 units of flour are
used, how many units of sugar and butter are needed?
To find out how many units of sugar and butter are needed, we first need to
understand the given ratio. The ratio of flour, sugar, and butter is 3:2:1. This means
that for every 3 units of flour, there are 2 units of sugar and 1 unit of butter.
We are given 30 units of flour are used. Now, we need to find out how many units of
sugar and butter are needed based on this amount of flour. We can do this by
following these steps:
1. Find the total parts in the ratio: 3 (flour) + 2 (sugar) + 1 (butter) = 6 parts
2. Determine the value of 1 part in the ratio by dividing the units of flour (30) by the
total parts in the ratio (6): 30 units / 6 parts = 5 units per part
3. Calculate the number of units of sugar by multiplying the value of 1 part (5) by
the number of parts for sugar (2): 5 units per part * 2 parts = 10 units
4. Calculate the number of units of butter by multiplying the value of 1 part (5) by
the number of parts for butter (1): 5 units per part * 1 part = 5 units
So, if 30 units of flour are used, 10 units of sugar and 5 units of butter are needed
according to the given ratio.

4. A store sells 100 pens, 150 pencils, and 75 erasers. If the store owner wants to
maintain a ratio of 2:3:1 for pens, pencils, and erasers, respectively, how many
erasers should be sold to achieve this ratio?
To maintain the desired ratio of 2:3:1 for pens, pencils, and erasers, we first need to
understand the given ratio. The current ratio of pens, pencils, and erasers is
100:150:75. We need to find out how many erasers should be sold to achieve the
desired ratio of 2:3:1.
Let x be the number of erasers that should be sold to achieve the desired ratio. We
can set up a proportion to solve this problem:
(100 pens) / (150 pencils) / (75 erasers) = (2 pens) / (3 pencils) / (1 eraser)
Now, we can solve for x:
100 / 150 = 2 / 3
(100 * 3) / (150 * 2) = 200 / 300 = 2 / 3
So, the ratio of pens, pencils, and erasers remains the same when we divide both
sides by 50:
200 / 300 = 2 / 3
Now, we need to find the number of erasers (x) that should be sold to maintain this
ratio:
2/1=3/x
Cross-multiply:
2x = 3 * 75
2x = 225
Divide by 2:
x = 112.5
Since we cannot sell a fraction of an eraser, the store owner should sell at least 113
erasers to achieve the desired ratio of 2:3:1 for pens, pencils, and erasers.

5. A mixture of 20 liters of water and 10 liters of juice has a ratio of 2:1. If 5 liters of
water are added to the mixture, what will be the new ratio of water to juice?
First, let's find the total volume of the initial mixture before adding the 5 liters of
water:
Total initial mixture = Water + Juice
Total initial mixture = 20 liters (water) + 10 liters (juice)
Total initial mixture = 30 liters
Now, let's find the new total volume after adding 5 liters of water:
 New total mixture = Initial total mixture + Additional water
New total mixture = 30 liters + 5 liters
New total mixture = 35 liter
The new ratio of water to juice will be based on the new total mixture volume and
the initial ratio of water to juice.
The initial ratio of water to juice is 2:1, so there are 2 parts of water and 1 part of
juice in the mixture:
Water parts = 2
Juice parts = 1
Now, we need to find the new parts of water and juice in the mixture after adding
5 liters of water:
New water parts = (2 parts (water) * 20 liters (water)) / 30 liters (initial total
mixture) + (5 liters (additional water) / 35 liters (new total mixture))
New water parts = (40 liters) / 30 liters + (5 liters) / 35 liters
New water parts = 40/30 + 5/35
New water parts = 4/3 + 1/7
New water parts = 13/21
New juice parts = (1 part (juice) * 10 liters (juice)) / 30 liters (initial total mixture) +
(0 liters (additional juice) / 35 liters (new total mixture))
New juice parts = (10 liters) / 30 liters + 0 liters / 35 liters
New juice parts = 1/3 + 0
New juice parts = 1/3
So, the new ratio of water to juice after adding 5 liters of water is 13:1.
6. A bakery sells cupcakes with a ratio of 3:2:1 for chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry
flavors, respectively. If they sell 120 cupcakes in a day, how many chocolate,
vanilla, and strawberry cupcakes were sold?
To find out how many chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry cupcakes were sold, we
need to divide the total number of cupcakes sold by the sum of the parts in the
ratio.
The ratio for chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry cupcakes is 3:2:1. The sum of the
parts in the ratio is:
Sum of parts = 3 + 2 + 1
Sum of parts = 6
Now, we can find the number of each type of cupcake sold by multiplying the
total number of cupcakes (120) by the respective parts of the ratio and then
dividing by the sum of the parts (6):
Chocolate cupcakes = (3 parts * 120 cupcakes) / 6
Chocolate cupcakes = 360 / 6
Chocolate cupcakes = 60
Vanilla cupcakes = (2 parts * 120 cupcakes) / 6
Vanilla cupcakes = 240 / 6
Vanilla cupcakes = 40
Strawberry cupcakes = (1 part * 120 cupcakes) / 6
Strawberry cupcakes = 120 / 6
Strawberry cupcakes = 20
 So, the bakery sold 60 chocolate, 40 vanilla, and 20 strawberry cupcakes in a
day.

7. A recipe requires a 3:2:1 ratio of flour, sugar, and butter. If 20 units of sugar are
used, how many units of flour and butter are needed?
We are given the ratio of flour, sugar, and butter as 3:2:1, and we know that 20
units of sugar are used. To find the units of flour and butter needed, we first need
to determine the sum of the parts in the ratio.
Sum of parts = 3 (flour) + 2 (sugar) + 1 (butter)
Sum of parts = 6
Now, we can find the units of flour and butter needed by multiplying the
respective parts of the ratio by the 20 units of sugar and then dividing by the sum
of the parts (6):
Flour units = (3 parts * 20 sugar units) / 6
Flour units = 60 / 6
Flour units = 10
Butter units = (1 part * 20 sugar units) / 6
Butter units = 20 / 6
Butter units = 10/3 (approximately 3.33)
Since we cannot have a fraction of a unit, we can either round up or down for the
butter. In this case, we will round it down to 3 units of butter.
So, for the given recipe, you will need 10 units of flour, 20 units of sugar, and 3
units of butter.
8. A store sells 100 pens, 150 pencils, and 75 erasers. If the store owner wants to
maintain a ratio of 2:3:1 for pens, pencils, and erasers, respectively, how many
erasers should be sold to achieve this ratio?
The store owner wants to maintain a ratio of 2:3:1 for pens, pencils, and erasers,
respectively. Currently, they have 100 pens, 150 pencils, and 75 erasers. Let's
find the sum of the parts in the desired ratio.
Sum of parts = 2 (pens) + 3 (pencils) + 1 (erasers)
Sum of parts = 6
Now, we need to find the total number of erasers that should be sold to achieve
this ratio. To do this, we can set up a proportion using the current number of
erasers and the desired ratio:
(Current erasers) / (Desired erasers) = (Current number of erasers in the ratio) /
(Sum of parts)
75 erasers / (Desired erasers) = 1 / 6
Now, we can solve for the desired number of erasers:
(Desired erasers) = (75 erasers) * (6 / 1)
(Desired erasers) = 450 / 6
(Desired erasers) = 75
So, the store owner should sell 75 erasers to achieve the desired ratio of 2:3:1
for pens, pencils, and erasers, respectively.
9. A mixture of 15 liters of water and 5 liters of juice has a ratio of 3:1. If 2 liters of
water are added to the mixture, what will be the new ratio of water to juice?

Initially, the mixture has 15 liters of water and 5 liters of juice, making a total of 20
liters. The ratio of water to juice is 3:1.
To find the parts of the ratio, we can divide the amounts of water and juice by
their sum:
Parts of the ratio for water = (15 liters of water) / (20 liters total) = 3/5
Parts of the ratio for juice = (5 liters of juice) / (20 liters total) = 1/5
 Now, 2 liters of water are added to the mixture. The new total volume becomes
22 liters (20 liters + 2 liters). We can now find the new amounts of water and juice
in the mixture:
New amount of water = (3/5) * 22 liters = 13 liters
New amount of juice = (1/5) * 22 liters = 4.4 liters

Now, we can find the new ratio of water to juice:

New ratio of water to juice = (13 liters of water) / (4.4 liters of juice)
The new ratio is approximately 2.95:1. So, after adding 2 liters of water to the
mixture, the new ratio of water to juice will be approximately 2.95:1.
10. A restaurant has a ratio of 2:3:4 for pasta, vegetables, and sauce, respectively. If
they prepare 90 servings of the dish, how many servings of sauce will be
prepared?

The restaurant has a ratio of 2:3:4 for pasta, vegetables, and sauce, respectively.
The sum of the parts in the ratio is:
Sum of parts = 2 (pasta) + 3 (vegetables) + 4 (sauce)
Sum of parts = 9
Now, we need to find out how many servings of sauce will be prepared for 90
servings of the dish. We can set up a proportion using the current number of
sauce servings and the desired ratio:
(Current sauce servings) / (Desired sauce servings) = (Current number of sauce
servings in the ratio) / (Sum of parts)
Let's denote the desired sauce servings as S.
(Current sauce servings) / S = 4 / 9
Now, we can solve for the desired number of sauce servings:
S = (Current sauce servings) * (9 / 4)
Since there are 90 servings of the dish, we can find the current sauce servings
by multiplying the sum of parts by the desired number of servings:
Current sauce servings = 90 servings * (4 / 9) = 40 servings
Now, we can find the desired number of sauce servings:
S = 40 servings * (9 / 4)
S = 90 servings
So, the restaurant will prepare 90 servings of sauce for 90 servings of the dish.