Cairo University – Faculty of Engineering

Mechanical Design & Production Department

Machine Design I

DESIGN OF BOLTED JOINTS

(FASTENERS)

Presented By: Eng. Mohamed Yasser

Outline
 Types of Bolted Joint Loads
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load

2
Bolted Joint

3
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load

4
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load

threaded
shaft
part

5
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load

friction surface
lower washer

6
 2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load

nut
circular saw

upper washer

7
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
 Stresses on bolt:
 Tension
 Torsion

8
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
 Tension on bolt
𝑄 𝑆𝑦
 𝜎=𝜋 2 =
𝑑 𝐹.𝑆.
4 𝑟
 Assume material & safety factor
 Find minor diameter
 Using standard tables → find major diameter, minor diameter,
pitch diameter & pitch

9
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
 Torsion on bolt
16𝑇𝑡
 𝜏=
𝜋𝑑𝑟 3
◼ 𝑇𝑡 ≡ 𝑡𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒

10
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
 𝑇𝑡 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2
 𝑇1 ≡ 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
1
 𝑇1 = 𝑄𝑑𝑝 tan 𝜆 + 𝜙
2
 𝑇2 ≡ 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑡Τ𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 & 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝑄𝑓2 𝐷2 3 −𝐷1 3
 𝑇2 =
3 𝐷2 2 −𝐷1 2
1 𝑄𝑓2 𝐷2 3 −𝐷1 3
 𝑇𝑡 = 𝑄𝑑𝑝 tan 𝜆 + 𝜙 +
2 3 𝐷2 2 −𝐷1 2

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2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
1
 𝑇1 = 𝑄𝑑𝑝 tan 𝜆 + 𝜙
2
 𝜆 ≡ ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝑝
 𝜆= tan−1
𝜋𝑑𝑝

 𝜙 ≡ 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 & 𝑛𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠

−1 𝜇
 𝜙 = tan
cos 𝛽
◼ 𝜇 ≡ 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 & 𝑛𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
1
◼ 𝛽 ≡ ∙ 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝛽 = 30° 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
2
μ: Check Metric Thread Form & Coeff. of Friction Table 12
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
𝑄𝑓2 𝐷2 3 −𝐷1 3
 𝑇2 =
3 𝐷2 2 −𝐷1 2

 𝑓2 ≡ 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑡Τ𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 & 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑

𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠
 𝐷1 , 𝐷2 ≡ 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 & 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑡Τ𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 & 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
 𝐷1 = 1.1𝑑

 𝐷2 = 1.5𝑑

f2: Check Metric Thread Form & Coeff. of Friction Table 13

2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load

14
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load

𝐷1

𝐷2

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2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
𝑄 16𝑇𝑡
 𝜎=𝜋 , 𝜏=
𝑑 2 𝜋𝑑𝑟 3
4 𝑟

𝜎 2
 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + 𝜏2
2
𝑆𝑠𝑦
 𝐹. 𝑆. =
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
 If F.S. ≥ required/assumed F.S. → safe design
 If F.S. ≤ required/assumed F.S. → do another iteration by increasing
bolt size or using stronger material

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2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
A circular saw with diameter D = 500 mm, as shown in the figure, is
secured on a shaft between two washers and held against slipping by the
forces of friction created by tightening the nut on the end of the shaft. Find
the diameter of the threaded part of the shaft if the coefficient of friction
between the saw and washers μ = 0.1 where the inner and the outer
diameters of the washer are 𝑑𝑖 = 100 mm, 𝑑𝑜 = 140 mm respectively and
the resistance to cutting force P = 350 N. Draw a construction drawing of
the assembly.

17
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
 Circular Saw  Washers
 𝑃 = 350 𝑁  𝜇𝑤 = 0.1
 𝐷 = 500 𝑚𝑚  𝑑𝑖 = 100 𝑚𝑚
 𝑑𝑜 = 140 𝑚𝑚

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2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
 Cutting Torque < Friction Torque (no slipping condition)
𝐷 𝑑𝑚
 𝑃 ∙ ∙ 𝑘 = 𝜇𝑤 𝑄 ∙
2 2
 𝑘 ≡ 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1.3 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑)
 𝑑𝑚 ≡ 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠

 𝑃𝐷𝑘 = 𝜇𝑤 𝑄𝑑𝑚
 𝑄 = 18.958 𝑘𝑁

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2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
 Tension on bolt  Assume:
𝑄 𝑆𝑦  𝐵𝑜𝑙𝑡 & 𝑛𝑢𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙: 𝑆𝑡37
 𝜎=𝜋 2 =
𝑑 𝐹.𝑆. ◼ 𝑆𝑢𝑡 = 370 𝑀𝑃𝑎
4 𝑟
 𝑑𝑟 = 11.8 𝑚𝑚 ◼ 𝑆𝑦 = 0.7𝑆𝑢𝑡 = 259 𝑀𝑃𝑎

 From tables: choose M14 ◼ 𝑆𝑠𝑦 = 0.5𝑆𝑦 = 129.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎

 𝐹. 𝑆. = 1.5

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2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
 From tables: M14
 𝑑 = 14 𝑚𝑚
 𝑑𝑟 = 12.16 𝑚𝑚
 𝑑𝑝 = 13.03 𝑚𝑚
 𝑝 = 1.5 𝑚𝑚

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2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
−1 𝑝
 𝜆 = tan = 2.1°
𝜋𝑑𝑝

 𝜇 = 0.2 (𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤, 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑡, 𝑑𝑟𝑦)

 𝛽 = 30°
−1 𝜇
 𝜙 = tan = 13°
cos 𝛽
1
 𝑇1 = 𝑄𝑑𝑝 tan 𝜆 + 𝜙 = 33.3 𝑁𝑚
2

22
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
 𝑓2 = 0.15 (𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑡, 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟, 𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑)
 𝐷1 = 1.1𝑑 = 15.4 𝑚𝑚
 𝐷2 = 1.5𝑑 = 21 𝑚𝑚
𝑄𝑓2 𝐷2 3 −𝐷1 3
 𝑇2 = = 26.08 𝑁𝑚
3 𝐷2 2 −𝐷1 2

 𝑇𝑡 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 = 59.41 𝑁𝑚

23
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
𝑄
 𝜎=𝜋 2 = 163.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑑
4 𝑟
16𝑇𝑡
 𝜏= = 168.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜋𝑑𝑟 3

𝜎 2
 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + 𝜏 2 = 187 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑆𝑠𝑦
 𝐹. 𝑆. = = 0.69 < 1.5 (𝑢𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒)
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥

24
2. Preload Only With no External (Axial) Load
 After 2 more iterations, the size & material of the shaft (screw) is as
follows:
 Size: M20

 Material: St45

 F.S. = 1.59

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