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B7 Checklist

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6 views2 pages

B7 Checklist

Uploaded by

Amira Saied Tobia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B7 Human nutrition

End of topic checklist

Key words
absorption, alimentary canal, amylase, assimilation, balanced diet, bile, canine,
carbohydrate, chemical digestion, cholera, colon, constipation, diarrhoea, digestion,
digestive enzyme, egestion, enamel, enzyme, faeces, fat, fibre, incisor, ingestion,
kwashiorkor, lacteal, lipase, malnutrition, mechanical digestion, microvilli, mineral, molar,
obesity, peristalsis, physical digestion, premolar, protease, protein, soluble, starvation, villus,
vitamin

During your study of this topic you should have learned:


 How to describe the roles of the main components of a healthy human diet are:
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins (e.g. A, C and D), minerals (e.g. calcium and
iron), water and dietary fibre.
 That a balanced diet includes all the components needed for health in the right
proportions.
 How to describe the effects of malnutrition.
 Extended How to explain the causes and effects of malnutrition.
 That diet provides energy as well as nutrients, and different groups of people have
different requirements.
 That the human alimentary canal is made up of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach,
small intestine and large intestine.
 That ingestion takes place in the mouth, digestion is the breakdown of large food
molecules into smaller ones by mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption is the
taking of nutrients from the small intestine, and egestion is the removal of waste food
from the body.
 How to define assimilation as the movement of digested food molecules into cells.
 To describe diarrhoea as the production of large amounts of watery faeces that can
be treated by oral rehydration solution to replace lost water and salts.
 To describe cholera is a bacterial disease.
 Extended How to explain how cholera results in severe diarrhoea and loss of salts
from the body.
 To describe the different types of teeth, including their structure and different
functions.
 That teeth can be cared for by diet and by proper brushing.
 That chemical digestion breaks down large food molecules into small molecules that
can be absorbed.
 To state the functions of digestive enzymes including amylase (digests starch to
simpler sugars), lipases (digest fats to fatty acids and glycerol) and proteases (digest
proteins to amino acids).
 Extended How to describe the digestion of starch, and the role of pepsin and
trypsin in the alimentary canal.

Cambridge IGCSE Biology Teacher Pack © HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd 2014


 That amylase is secreted in the mouth, stomach and by the pancreas; lipases are
secreted by the pancreas; proteases are secreted in the stomach and by the
pancreas: enzymes secreted by the pancreas pass into the small intestine.
 Extended That bile from the liver, stored in the gall bladder until needed, is added
to the small intestine to neutralise the acid from the stomach and emulsify fats.
 Extended How to explain that hydrochloric acid in the stomach denatures harmful
microorganisms and provides the right pH for gastric enzymes.
 To state that digested food molecules are absorbed in the small intestine.
 Extended To explain the importance of the villi and microvilli on the surface of the
small intestine in providing an enormous surface area for absorption of digested food
molecules into blood capillaries and lacteals.
 That water is absorbed in both the small intestine and the colon but that most
absorption of water happens in the small intestine.

Cambridge IGCSE Biology Teacher Pack © HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd 2014

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