LIGHTING SYSTEM

DESIGN & MANUAL CALCULATION

LIGHTING
SYSTEM DESIGN
I. Introduction to Illumination Engineering

II. Methods for Basic Interior/Indoor Lighting

Design and Basic Outdoor/Exterior Lighting
Design

III. Classification of Lighting scheme based on

application

IV. Definition of Terms

V. Indoor Lighting System Design using Zonal

Cavity Method or Lumen Method
In general, design of lighting system involves
the quantity and quality of lights used.

Quantity of Light - means the amount of

illumination of the luminous flux per unit area.
The
quantity can be easily handled and easily
measured because it deals with the number of
lighting fixtures for a common area.

Quality of Light - pertains to the distribution of

brightness in lightning installations.
The design of lighting schemes should posses the following characteristics:

A.) It should provide adequate illumination

B.) It should provide light distribution all over the working plane as uniform
as possible

C.) It should avoid glare and hard shadow as much as possible

D.) It should provide light of suitable color

While designing the lighting scheme, the following factors should be
considered:

A.) Illumination level E.) Glare

B.) Uniformity of Illumination F.) Mounting Heights

C.) Color of Light G.) Spacing of Luminaires

D.) Shadow H.) Color of Surrounding Walls

BASIC INTERIOR/INDOOR LIGHTING DESIGN

A.) It should provide adequate illumination

B.) It should provide light distribution all over the working plane as uniform as possible

C.) It should avoid glare and hard shadow as much as possible

D.) It should provide light of suitable color

Note: For interior Lighting System Design, the usual method used is the Zonal Cavity
Method or the Lumen Method
BASIC EXTERIOR/OUTDOOR LIGHTING DESIGN

For outdoor design, only the light that reaches the surface directly from the luminaire is considered.
Outdoor lightings refers to the lighting of open level areas w/ luminaires mounted above grade,
typically on poles or structures. Applications include open parking areas, walkways, bikeways,
storage yard and sports facilities. However, some technical factors have to be considered in
designing an exterior lighting system such as glare, visibility color, illuminance, luminance and
brightness.

Note: For Outdoor Lighting System Design, the usual method used is the Point-by-Point
Method
CLASSIFICATION OF LIGHTING SYSTEM BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF LUMINAIRES USED

This can be classified according to source, mounting height, construction, application and/or
photometric characteristics.

I. Direct Lighting- when luminaires direct 90% to 100% of their output downward.

II. Semi-direct Lighting- the distribution from semi-direct unit is predominantly downward from
60% to 90% range light output.

III. General-Diffuse – when downward and upward components of light from luminaires are about
equal (each 40% to 60% of the total luminaire output).

IV. Semi-Indirect – lighting systems that emit 60% to 90% of their output outward.

V. Indirect – lighting systems classified as indirect w/c directs 90% to 100% of their light output
upward to the ceiling and upper sidewalls.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Illumination - the distribution of light on the surface. The metric system unit for illumination
is lux or lumen per square meter (lm/m2).

Lumen - a measurement of light emitted by a light source.

Efficacy - the ratio of light produced to energy consumed. Also known as “Luminaire
Efficiency” or “Light Output Ratio”.

Luminous intensity - the quantity of visible light emitted in unit time per unit solid angle.
SI unit is candela or candlepower.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Yellow Label - as required by DTI on the packaging of the commercial lamps. Must have the
following information as a guide for the customers.

A.) Light Output in lumens

B.) Power consumption in watts
C.) Lamp Efficacy
D.) Average Life/Burning Hours

Luminaire - is defined as a lightning unit consisting of the following components:

A.) Optical Devices – to distribute light

B.) Sockets – to position and protect the lamps.
C.) Mechanical Devices
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Coefficient of Utilization – ratio of the lumen reaching the working plane to the total lumens
given out or emitted by the luminaire or lamp. For direct lightning
C.U. is about 0.4-0.6, 0.1-0.4 for indirect lightning but nowadays,
we commonly used 0.80.

Depreciation Factor – it is defined as the ratio of illumination under condition that

everything is perfectly clean to the illumination under normal
working condition.

Maintenance Factor – reciprocal of depreciation factor.

Dirty – 0.60, Average – 0.70, Clean – 0.80, Very Clean – 0.90

Space to Height Ratio – This is the ratio of space between luminaires (S) to their height
above working plane (H).
 ZONAL CAVITY METHOD OR LUMEN METHOD

ExA
____________
N=
x C.U.x M.F.
Where;

N = number of lamps or luminaires required

E = illumination level in lux or lumens/m2
A = floor area
C.U. = coefficient of utilization
M.F. = maintenance factor
= flux required in lumens
TYPICAL HALL LIGHTING PROJECT:

A hall 30m x 20mm area with a ceiling height of 6 m is to be provided with a general illumination of 200
lumens/m2, taking a coefficient of utilization of 0.6 and depreciation factor of 1.6. Determine the number of
fluorescent tubes required, their spacing and total wattage. Take luminous efficiency of fluorescent tube as
25 lumens/W for 300 W tube.

Design Analysis & Computation:

ExA
____________ ExA
____________
N= N=
x C.U.x M.F. x C.U.x M.F.

E = 200 lm/m2 = 200 lux 200 x 600

___________________
N=
A = 30m x 20m = 600 m2 7,500 x 0.6 x 0.625
C.U. = 0.6
M.F. = (1/D.F.) = 1/(1.6) =0.625 N = 42.667 LAMPS
= 25 lm/W x (300 W) = 7,500 lumens
N ≈ 44 LAMPS required (For Layout Purposes)
LIGHTING LAYOUT DESIGN:

SL= 30 m/11 = 2.727 m

SW= 20 m/4 = 5 m

2.5 m

2.727 m 1.365 m
5m

5m 20 meters

5m

2.5 m

30 meters
RECOMMENDED ILLUMINATION
LEVEL

Bedroom = 100 lux

Toilets = 200 lux
Living Room = 100-200 lux
Porch = 75-150 lux
Dining Area = 150-200 lux
Kitchen = 500 lux
Balcony = 100 lux
Hallway = 200 lux
Stairs = 200 lux
 4m 1m 4m

4m 4m

FLOOR PLAN
SAMPLE DESIGN
2m

5m

6m

3m

5m
FLOOR AREA COMPUTATION: DESIGN ANALYSIS &
COMPUTATION
Bedroom 1 = 16 m2
Bedroom 2 = 16 m2 ExA
____________
Bathroom = 8 m2 BEDROOM 1: N =
x C.U.x M.F.
Kitchen/Dining = 30 m2
Living Room = 25 m2 100 x 16
Hallway = 5 m2 ___________________
N=
Porch = 12 m2 780 x 0.8 x 0.8
N = 3.21 lamps
N ≈ 4 lamps
NOTE: USING 16 WATTS, 780 LUMENS BULB

ExA
____________ ExA
____________
BEDROOM 2: N= BATHROOM: N=
x C.U.x M.F. x C.U.x M.F.
100 x 16
___________________
N= 200 x 8
___________________
780 x 0.8 x 0.8 N=
1800 x 0.8 x 0.9
N = 3.21 lamps
N = 1.23 lamps
N ≈ 4 lamps
NOTE: USING 16 WATTS, 780 LUMENS BULB N ≈ 2 lamps
NOTE: USING 20 WATTS, 1800 LUMENS BULB
 DESIGN ANALYSIS &
COMPUTATION

ExA
____________
KITCHEN/ N=
ExA
____________ LIVING AREA: N =
x C.U.x M.F.
DINING: x C.U.x M.F.
250 x 30 200 x 25
___________________
___________________ N=
N= 2000 x 0.8 x 0.9
2000 x 0.8 x 0.9
N = 3.47 lamps
N = 5.21 lamps
N ≈ 4 lamps
N ≈ 6 lamps
NOTE: USING T8 LED TUBE 18 WATTS, 2000 LUMENS
NOTE: USING T8 LED TUBE 18 WATTS, 2000 LUMENS

ExA
____________ ExA
HALLWAY: N =
x C.U.x M.F.
PORCH: N = ____________
x C.U.x M.F.
200 x 5
___________________ 150 x 12
N= ___________________
780 x 0.8 x 0.8 N=
780 x 0.8 x 0.8
N = 2 lamps N = 3.61 lamps
NOTE: USING 16 WATTS, 780 LUMENS BULB
N ≈ 4 lamps
NOTE: USING 16 WATTS, 780 LUMENS BULB
Thank You
Facebook
Kaizen BLITZ
Engineering

Email
[email protected]

Phone
09269658764/
09518372473