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3 Fiber

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35 views2 pages

3 Fiber

Uploaded by

princessmikaelaosin57
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2 – FIBER

• Fibers are strong, elongated materials, or substances composed of thread-like tissues


capable of being spun or woven. Fiber is the material which consist of fibrous structure and
length is thousand times higher than its width. Fibers may be taken from coconut husk, buri
and abaca petioles, and maguey, sisal, or pineapple leaves.
TWO NATURAL TYPES OF FIBERS:
1. Natural Fibers - may be obtained from plant, animal, and mineral sources. Those from plant
sources include cotton, flax, hemp, sisal, jute, and coconut. Fibers from animal sources
include silk, wool, and mohair.
2. Man-made Fibers - are not naturally present in nature and are made artificially by man. Man-
made fibers have high strength, strong when wet low moisture absorption characteristics.
Examples of man-made fibers are viscose rayon, acetate rayon, nylon, polyester etc.
SOURCES OF NATURAL FIBERS
1. VEGETABLE FIBERS - Cellulose is the main component of vegetable fibers, several of which
serve in the manufacture of paper and cloth. Examples include cotton, jute, flax, ramie, sisal,
and hemp.
• Seed Fiber: These are fibers collected from seeds or seed cases. Example: cotton
• Leaf Fiber: These are fibers collected from leaves. Examples include sisal and agave.
• Bast Fiber or Skin Fiber: These fibers are collected from the skin or bast surrounding the
stem of the plant source. They have higher tensile strength than other fibers. Therefore, these
fibers are used for durable yarn, fabric, packaging, and paper.
• Fruit Fiber: These fibers are collected from the fruit of the plant, such as coconut (coir) fiber.
• Stalk Fiber: These fibers are actually the stalks of the plant. Examples are straws of wheat,
rice, barley, and other crops including bamboo and grass.

2. ANIMAL FIBERS (also called protein fibers)


Animal fibers are generally made up of proteins. Examples include silk, wool, angora, mohair, and
alpaca.
• Animal Hair (wool or hairs): Fiber or wool taken from animals or hairy mammals. For example,
sheep's wool, goat hair (cashmere, mohair), alpaca hair, horse hair, and so on.
• Silk Fiber: Fiber collected from dried saliva of bugs or insects during the preparation of
cocoons. Examples include silk from silk worms.
• Avian Fiber: Fibers from birds, for example, feathers and feather fiber.

3. MINERAL FIBERS
Fibers obtained from mineral sources may be used in their naturally occurring form or after slight
modifications.
• Asbestos: This is a mineral that occurs naturally in fibrous form. Variations are serpentine
(chrysotile) and amphiboles (amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite).
• Ceramic Fibers: Glass fibers (glass wool and quartz), aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and
boron carbide.
• Metal Fibers: Aluminum fibers
OTHER USEFUL PLANT FIBRES
1. COIR - Coir is the fibre obtained from the outer covering or the husk of the coconut. Usually
coconuts are left in water for a few months.
a. Bristle - the longer fibers, stiff, and course. These are the fine fibers that are
manufactured into yarns, ropes, twines and matting.
b. Pith - the loose and spongy tissues which bind the smaller fibers. These are the course
and thick fibers that are made into brushes, and brooms.
c. Coir - the smaller fiber extracted from the husk. These are short fibers used for
upholstery, mattresses, and in coco foam.
EXTRACTING COCONUT FIBER AND COIR
• SOAKING METHOD - the husk are soaked in the water for two weeks or until the pulp
weakens its hold on the fibers.
• MECHANICAL METHOD - The husks are then fed into a revolving drum which is provided
with spikes that tear out the woody parts, leaving the coarse fiber behind.

2. ABACA FIBER - known as “manila hemp” is manufactured into rope, fish nets, clothing
materials, bags, slippers and hats. The white, glossy fiber extracted from abaca stalks is
called abaca. It is commercial name is Manila hemp. Abaca is a plant which closely resembles
the banana by its leaves which are narrower.
EXTRACTING ABACA FIBER
• Stripping – extracting abaca fiber from the stalk of abaca plants.
USES OF ABACA
• SINAMAY – used for weaving cloth.

3. PINA FIBER - a textile fiber obtained from pineapple leaves for making fabric and is
commonly used in the Philippines. It is sometimes combined with the silk and polyester to
create a textile fabric.

4. BRISTLE FIBER - extracted in good quantity from buri petioles, which grow to as long as
three to four meters. The fibers are good materials for ropes and soft brooms

EXTRACTING OF BURI FIBER

• POUNDING - the petiole is cut into the desired lengths and then placed over a pounding
board where it is repeatedly pounded with a mallet until the tissues surrounding the fibers are
loosened.
• SOAKING - the shiny outer skin of the petiole is removed. The remaining portion is then
subjected to heavy point to allow maximum water penetration into the innermost parts.

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