Scribd
Upload
14 views4 pages

Thermal Properties

Thermal properties

Uploaded by

abhishekpayal402
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views4 pages

Thermal Properties

Thermal properties

Uploaded by

abhishekpayal402
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER:

Heat:
The energy transferred from one body to another due to the temperature difference between the
bodies.

SI unit: Joule (J)


CGS unit: calorie (cal)

Note:
1 cal = 4.2 J

Temperature:
A physical quantity that measures the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.

SI unit: Kelvin (K)

Other units of temperature include Celsius (°C) and Fahrenheit (°F)

Comparison between the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales:

𝑡𝐹 −32 𝑡𝐶 9
= ⇒ 𝑡𝐹 = (𝑡𝐶 × ) + 32
180 100 5

𝑡𝐹 - Fahrenheit temperature
𝑡𝐶 - Celsius temperature
Comparison between Kelvin and Celsius scales:

From the ideal gas equation, PV = μRT.


P – Pressure
V – volume
T – temperature
μ - number of moles in the sample of gas
R - universal gas constant:
R = 8.31 J mol–1 K–1
Hence, when V is a constant, P ∝ T resulting
in the given graph.

Note: The temperature corresponding to zero pressure is called absolute zero. Absolute zero is
equal to 0 Kelvin.

𝑇𝐾 = 𝑡𝐶 + 100
Where, 𝑇𝐾 is the temperature in Kelvin.

Thermal Expansion:
The increase in the dimensions of a body due to an increase in its temperature is thermal
expansion.

Types:
1. Linear Expansion:
𝛥𝑙
= 𝛼𝛥𝑇
𝑙
Where,
𝛼 is the co-efficient of linear thermal expansion
𝛥𝑙 is the change in length for a change in temperature of 𝛥𝑇
𝑙 is the original length
2. Area Expansion:

𝛥𝐴
= 𝛽𝛥𝑇
𝐴
Where,
𝛽 is the co-efficient of area thermal expansion
𝛥𝐴 is the change in area for a change in temperature of 𝛥𝑇
𝐴 is the original area

3. Volume Expansion:
𝛥𝑉
= γ𝛥𝑇
𝑉
Where,
γ is the co-efficient of volume thermal expansion
𝛥𝑉 is the change in volume for a change in temperature of 𝛥𝑇
𝑉 is the original volume

Relation between γ and 𝑇:

PV = μRT -------------------------------------------------- 1

At constant pressure:

PΔV = μRΔT ----------------------------------------------- 2

Dividing 2 by 1:
𝑃𝛥𝑉 μR𝛥𝑇
=
𝑃𝑉 μR𝑇
𝛥𝑉 𝛥𝑇
= -------------------------------------------------------3
𝑉 𝑇

𝛥𝑉
We know, = γ𝛥𝑇----------------------------------------------------4
𝑉

𝛥𝑇
Comparing 3 and 4, γ𝛥𝑇 =
𝑇
1
γ=
𝑇

You might also like