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Class VII Science Classwork Chapter - Electric Current and Its Effects

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64 views

Class VII Science Classwork Chapter - Electric Current and Its Effects

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kavitajos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Q1.Define a battery. Explain the arrangement of cells in a


battery.
Ans: A battery is a combination of two or more cells in
which cells are placed such that the positive terminal of
one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the next
cell. Many devices like torches, transistors, toys, TV
remote controls, etc., use batteries. The cells are
sometimes placed one after the other and sometimes side
by side.

Q 2. When does the current flow throughout the circuit?


Explain.
Ans: When the switch is in the ‘ON’ position, and the
positive terminal of the battery is connected to the negative
terminal of the battery through wires then the circuit is said
to be closed and the electric current flows throughout the
circuit.

Q3. Why are wires of different materials ,different lengths


and thicknesses used?
Ans:The amount of heat produced in a wire depends on its
material, length and thickness. As we increase the length
of wire, the amount of heat will also increase. On
increasing the thickness of wire, the amount of heat will
decrease. Thus for different requirements, the wires of
different lengths and thickness and materials are used.
Q4What type of wire is used for making electric fuses?
Answer: Wires made of some special materials that melt quickly and
break when large electric currents are passed through them are used
for making electric fuses. For example, alloy of lead and tin.
Q5 When does an electric short circuit occur? What harm can
it do?
Answer: When the plastic covering of both live wire and
neutral wire removes due to wear and tear, these two wires
come in contact with each other. Since, the resistance of
neutral wire is very low, excessive current flow through the
wire in a short time which heats the wire to a great extent.
This can result in fires. Another reason of short circuiting is
connection of many devices to a single socket. This can also
lead to excessive flow of current.

Q6What do you mean by overloading of an electric circuit?


State two measures to avoid overloading.

Answer: The current flowing in domestic wiring at a particular


time depends on the power ratings of the appliances which are
being used. When a number of appliances are switched on at the
same time, they take out an extremely large amount of current.
This is called ‘overloading the circuit’. Now due to an extremely
large amount of current flowing through them, the copper wires of
household get heated to a very high degree and a fire may be
started.

Two measures to avoid overloading are following:


 Too many appliances should not be connected to a single
socket.
 Many electrical appliances of high power rating should not be
run at the same time.
Q7. Explain construction of a simple electromagnet with a
labelled diagram.
Ans:An electromagnet act on the principle of magnetic
effect of the current. The coil of wire wound around an
ironbar behaves like a magnet when electric current flows
through it. When electric current is switched off, the coil
generally loses its magnetism.
To construct an electromagnet, take a big iron nail or a big
iron screw. Take a long piece of insulated copper wire and
wind quite a few turns around the nail. Connect the ends of
the wire to the terminals of a battery through a switch.

Place some pins on or near the end of the nail. Now switch
on the current. You will observe that pins cling to the nail.
Now switch off the current. You will observe that pins no
longer get attracted to the nail.

Q8.Why are MCB preferred over electric fuses?


Ans:Due to following reasons MCB are preferred over
electric fuses:

a)MCB is more sensitive to overcurrent than fuse.


b)Restoration of electric supply is quick. Restoration
can be done by just switching the operating knob to
its ‘ON’ position
c) Handling MCB is electrically more safe than fuse.
Q 9 Explain the working of an electric bell with diagram.
Answer:
It consists of a coil of wire wound on an iron piece. The coil
acts as an electromagnet. An iron strip with a hammer at
one end is kept close to the electromagnet. There is a
contact screw near the iron strip.
When the iron strip is in contact with the screw, the current
flows through the coil which becomes an electromagnet. It,
then, pulls the iron strip. In the process, the hammer at the
end of the strip strikes the gong of the bell to produce a
sound. However, when the electromagnet pulls the iron
strip, it also breaks the circuit.

The current through the coil stops flowing and the coil is no
longer behaves as an electromagnet. It no longer attracts
the iron strip. The iron strip comes back to its original
position and touches the contact screw again.This
completes the circuit. The current flows in the coil and the
hammer strikes the gong again. This process is repeated
in quick succession. The hammer strikes the gong every
time the circuit is completed. This is how the bell rings.

Homework

You are provided with a bulb, a cell, a switch and some connecting
wires. Draw a circuit diagram using symbols to show the connections
between them to make the bulb glow.

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