THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS REVIEW (THE JOBS REVIEW), 5 (1), 2022, 43-52

How Entrepreneurial Competencies Can Effect Business Performance

B Lena Nuryanti1, Ajeng Putri Hanifah2

Program Studi Pendidikan Bisnis, FPEB, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia1
Program Studi Administrasi Bisnis, FISIP, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesia 2

Abstract. The ability to build a business is one of the challenges as well as competencies that must
be possessed by entrepreneurs today. This study explains what entrepreneurial competencies must
be possessed by an entrepreneur to have good business performance. Because the ultimate goal of
running a business is to achieve business success. This study aims to obtain 1) the effect of knowledge
on business performance, 2) the effect of skills on business performance, 3) individual abilities on
business performance in 2013 business education alumni by using a quantitative research approach.
The results of the study found that the description of Entrepreneurial Competence for the 2013
Business Education alumni at UPI was in the fairly good category, the Business Performance
Description for the 2013 Business Education alumni at UPI was in the medium category, and the
magnitude of the influence of the Entrepreneurial Competency dimension on Business Success
partially, namely, the Knowledge dimension. not complex, so it will affect Business Performance.
Meanwhile, the Individual Ability dimension does not affect Business Performance. Meanwhile,
simultaneously (overall) there is a positive and significant influence. Findings of this study is
Entrepreneurial competencies can effect to business performance.

Keyword. entrepreneurial competence; business performance

Article History. Received January, 2022. Revised March, 2022.Accepted June, 2022
Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION
Entrepreneurial tends to be considered an attractive choice and can create an individual to
be independent in facing difficulties today (Eliyana, Rohmatul, et al., 2020). Realizing self-
actualization is one way to keep the entrepreneurial activity going. Concerning
entrepreneurial, one must know that usefulness in business appears when it is in a state of
Success, and to make it happen requires predictors (elements that can help predict the
likelihood of Success in entrepreneurship) and indicators (i.e., parts that show Success) in
Business Performance (Eliyana, Sridadi, et al., 2020) because Business Performance will be
able to measure how a business that is carried out can be said to be successful. In the next
stage, it is hoped that entrepreneurs can achieve their goals by gaining a competitive
advantage and achieving sustainable business growth.
100
80
60
40
20
0
Profitability Business Sales Increase Low Debt Customer trust Customer
Growth satisfaction

Yes No

Source: Data Processing 2019

Figure 1. Preliminary Data on Business Performance Conditions
for Alumni Pend. Business Management 2013
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 B LENA NURYANTI1, AJENG PUTRI HANIFAH2/ How Entrepreneurial Competencies
Can Effect Business Performance

Based on Figure 1, it is known that the business performance condition of the 2013 business
education alumni is not good because there is still a lack of understanding of how the stage
of business growth is, how to increase sales, and debt ownership is still high. So this shows
that the business performance of the 2013 business management education alumni is still not
optimal.
Entrepreneurial in this study, namely the SMEs in the UPI Business Management Education
class of 2013, for the sample is determined based on case studies. Entrepreneurial
competence possessed by a person will be able to identify how the knowledge, skills, and
individual abilities he has so that it becomes capital. Where is an important factor that affects
business success not only in the early stages but also in the future, and this becomes an
incentive to encourage the creation of entrepreneurial wealth with high business performance
results (Yani et al., 2020). Thus, this paper aims to examine in depth the influence of
entrepreneurial competence on business performance.
Competence is a concept of work-related abilities that refers to a particular field owned by a
person (Al Mamun & Fazal, 2018). It is also translated as the ability needed by someone to
carry out the tasks they have. Cubico (Cubico & Favretto, n.d.) in his research, states that
entrepreneurial competence is defined as a particular group of competencies that is
significant for successful entrepreneurial practice, which includes specific Knowledge,
motives, self-image, social roles, traits and skills. Entrepreneurial competence is defined as
a higher-level feature that represents the capacity of an entrepreneur to succeed in the
workplace. The skills of an entrepreneur can also be recognized as a critical competency to
promote the ability to work, which includes self-learning, personal initiative and business
development (Ferreras-garcia & Hernández-lara, 2019). In addition, in another study
conducted by S Sajilan (Sajilan & Adeyinka-ojo, 2016)entrepreneurial competence can also
contribute to profitability.
In addition, in their research, that entrepreneurial competence will lead to performance.
Entrepreneurs who have good competence will be able to look for good business
opportunities and competence in managing. They will be linked in how to formulate a
business strategy that is more suitable for their business so that it can affect their business
performance to be even better than before (Sajilan & Adeyinka-ojo, 2016).
Entrepreneurial competence is the attitude, Knowledge, and skills of individuals who are
interrelated that all business people need to be trained and developed. The indicators chosen
to measure Entrepreneurial Competence refer to several studies that have been conducted by
(Esubalew & Raghurama, 2020; Kraus et al., 2012; Robles & Zárraga, 2015; Yani et al.,
2020).
Business Performance
One of the crucial concerns in today's economic environment is how to measure performance
in business for both academics and practice managers. This is important because it considers
differentiating aspects that can potentially confuse subjective measures (also described as
perceptual performance) and objective measures(Nasip et al., 2017). Performance is the
result of completing a job that can represent the level of achievement of each job and can
meet expectations, policies or requirements that must be met for official roles in the
organization (Wardani & Eliyana, 2020). Another definition of performance is productivity
activities that state the quality, quantity and contribution of work. When high productivity is
achieved, the overall performance in an organization will also be high (Yani et al., 2020).
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 THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS REVIEW (THE JOBS REVIEW), 5 (1), 2022, 43-52
Meanwhile, the definition of business performance is the potential possessed by the company
to adjust to the business environment that follows changes in the market environment. It
consists of competitors, customers and other factors that can change how the business works
itself (Rekarti & Doktoralina, 2017). Therefore, the ability to manage financial and non-
financial performance is essential in order to be able to produce good business
performance(Barazandeh et al., 2015; Rehman, 2020; Yani et al., 2020).

Knowledge (𝑋1 )

Business
Skills (𝑋2 ) Performance (𝑌)

Individual Ability
(𝑋3 )

Figure 2. Research Paradigm

METHOD
This research is to obtain 1) the effect of Knowledge on business performance, 2) the effect
of skills on business performance, and 3) individual abilities on business performance. The
independent variable in this study is entrepreneurial competence. Entrepreneurial
competence variable with the dimensions of Knowledge, skills, and individual abilities. And
the dependent variable is business performance which includes financial and non-financial
performance.
Based on the variables studied, this type of research is based on the objectives to be achieved,
namely verification descriptive research. Based on the type of research above, namely
descriptive and verification research, the method used is an explanatory survey. The analysis
technique used in this research is multiple regression and the hypothesis testing used is the
t-test (partial significance test) and F test (simultaneous significance test).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Path Coefficient and Correlation Coefficiency Test
This test aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurial competence dimensions:
Knowledge, skills, individual ability, and Business Performance. The results of data
processing can be seen in Table 4.10 below
Table 1. Test Results Of Pattern Coefficient And Correlation Coefficient
Variabel 𝑿𝟏 𝑿𝟐 𝑿𝟑 Y
𝑿𝟏 1 ,533 ,574 ,528
𝑿𝟐 ,533 1 ,685 ,230
𝑿𝟑 ,574 ,685 1 ,310
Y ,528 ,230 ,310 1
Source: Data Processing Results 2020 using SPSS 22 Windows
Based on the table above, it can be seen the correlation of each Entrepreneurial Competence
sub-variable consisting of Knowledge ( 𝑋1), Skills ( 𝑋2), Individual Ability ( 𝑋3) and
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 B LENA NURYANTI1, AJENG PUTRI HANIFAH2/ How Entrepreneurial Competencies
Can Effect Business Performance

Business Performance (Y). The correlation between Entrepreneurship Competence and

Business Performance obtained results, among others, sub-variable Knowledge of Business
Performance of 0.528; sub-variable Skills on Business Performance of 0.230; and the sub-
variable of Individual Ability to Business Performance is 0.310.
To obtain the path coefficient, the correlation inverse matrix is associated with the
correlation between the independent sub variable (X) and the dependent variable (Y). Figure
4.6 below presents the correlation coefficients and path coefficients.

ε
𝑋1
𝟎, 𝟓𝟑𝟑

𝟎, 𝟓𝟕𝟒 −𝟎, 𝟏𝟏𝟏

𝑋2 𝑌

𝟎, 𝟔𝟖𝟓

𝑋3

Figure 3. Pathway Diagram of Variable X Against Y

(Correlation Coefficient and Pathway Coefficient)

Based on the calculation results of the path diagram of Entrepreneurship Competence on

Business Performance, there are sub-variables Skills (𝑋2) which have a negative coefficient
on Business Performance. Suppose the path coefficient test from exogenous variables to
endogenous variables has a negative value. In that case, it is not meaningful and must be
recalculated by removing the negative exogenous variable from the model (Hair, Anderson,
& Tatham, 1998). Based on the opinion of Hair, Anderson, & Tatham (1998), a recalculation
was carried out by removing the Skill sub-variable (𝑋2which had a negative value on
Business Performance, resulting in the calculation of the second model, which is presented
in Table 4.10 as follows:
Table 2. Test Results Of Pathway Coefficient And Model II Correlation Coefficient
Variabel 𝑋1 𝑋3 Y
𝑋1 1 ,574 ,528
𝑋3 ,574 1 ,310
Y ,528 ,310 1
Source: Data Processing Results 2020 using SPSS 22 for Windows
Based on the table above, it can be seen that the correlation of each Entrepreneurial
Competence sub-variable which now only consists of Knowledge ( 𝑋1 ), Individual Ability (
𝑋3 )and Business Performance (Y). The correlation between Entrepreneurial Competence
and Business Performance is obtained, including the Knowledge to Business Performance
sub-variable of 0.528 and the sub-variable of Individual Ability to Business Performance is
0.310.
To obtain the path coefficient, the correlation inverse matrix is associated with the
correlation between the independent sub variable (X) and the dependent variable (Y). Figure
4.7 below presents the correlation coefficients and path coefficients.

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𝑋1 ε

𝟎, 𝟓𝟕𝟒
𝑌

𝑋3

Figure 4. Pathway Diagram of Variable X Against Y

(Correlation Coefficient and Pathway Coefficient) Model II

Total Effect Test

The total effect ( 𝑅 2 )can be calculated manually using the path coefficient matrix
𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑋3 and then multiplied by the Y column matrix. Meanwhile, if you use SPSS to
find out, it can be seen in the R square column as shown in Table 4.11
Table 3. Effect 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑿𝟑 On Y
Model Summary

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate

1 a
,528 ,279 ,254 6,16566
a. Predictors : (Constant), 𝑋3 𝑋1
Source: Data Processing Results 2020 using SPSS 22 for Windows
Based on the table, it can be seen that the total effect is 0.279, and if it is presented at 27.9%,
it means that the influence of Entrepreneurship Competence on Business Performance is in
the weak category (Sugiyono, 2017). The rest is influenced by other variables not examined
in this study. (Al Mamun et al., 2019; Barazandeh et al., 2015; Dhamayantie & Fauzan,
2017; Ferreras-garcia & Hernández-lara, 2019; Sungkawati, 2019)
Direct and Indirect Influence
Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there was an influence between
Knowledge ( 𝑋1) and Individual Ability ( 𝑋3) on Business Performance (Y). To see more
about the magnitude of the direct and indirect effects of each variable, it is presented in Table
4.12 the details of the direct and indirect effects are as follows:
Table 4. Effect Of Individual Knowledge ( 𝑋1) And Ability ( 𝑋3) On Business Performance
(Y)
Variabel Koef Beta Direct Indirect Indirect Total Effect Total
X1 X3
X1 0,522 0,272 1 0,002 0,002 0,274
X3 0,010 0,0001 0,002 1 0,002 0,0021
Effect Total 0,276
Source: Data Processing Results 2020 using SPSS 22 for Windows
Based on table 4.12, it can be seen that the most dominant direct influence is Knowledge (
𝑋1 ) on Business Performance (Y), with a score of 0.272. Thus, it can be interpreted that the
direct influence of Knowledge ( 𝑋1 ) on Business Performance) is in the weak category. At

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Can Effect Business Performance

the same time, the dimensions of Entrepreneurship Competence are weak. Has the least
dominant direct influence, namely Individual Ability ( 𝑋3 )on Business Performance (Y),
with a score of 0.0001. Thus, it can be interpreted that the direct influence of Individual
Ability ( 𝑋3 )on Business Performance (Y) is in the deficient category. (Al Mamun et al.,
2019; Barazandeh et al., 2015; Dhamayantie & Fauzan, 2017; Ferreras-garcia & Hernández-
lara, 2019; Sungkawati, 2019)
Indirect data acquisition of Knowledge ( 𝑋1 )and Individual Ability ( 𝑋3 )i.e., Knowledge (
𝑋1 )to Business Performance (Y)) through Individual Ability ( 𝑋3 )or Individual Ability (
𝑋3 )to Business Performance (Y) through Knowledge ( 𝑋1 ) with a value of 0.002. Thus, the
indirect effect of Knowledge through Business Performance or vice versa for Business
Performance is in the deficient category. (Al Mamun et al., 2019; Barazandeh et al., 2015;
Dhamayantie & Fauzan, 2017; Ferreras-garcia & Hernández-lara, 2019; Sungkawati, 2019)
The actual influence of the Knowledge variable ( 𝑋1 )on Business Performance (Y) is 0.274.
This means that Knowledge ( 𝑋1 )directly affects Business Performance is 0.272. The
indirect effect of the Knowledge variable ( 𝑋1 )on Business Performance (Y)) through
Individual Ability ( is 𝑋3 )0.002). (Al Mamun et al., 2019; Barazandeh et al., 2015;
Dhamayantie & Fauzan, 2017; Ferreras-garcia & Hernández-lara, 2019; Sungkawati, 2019)
The actual influence of the Individual Ability variable ( 𝑋3 )on Business Performance (Y) is
0.0021. It means that Individual Ability ( 𝑋3 )directly affects Business Performance (Y) is
0.0001. Indirect influence is through the Individual Ability variable 𝑋3 )(Y) through
Knowledge ( 𝑋1 )of 0.002. (Al Mamun et al., 2019; Barazandeh et al., 2015; Dhamayantie &
Fauzan, 2017; Ferreras-garcia & Hernández-lara, 2019; Sungkawati, 2019).
Based on the individual test results (t-test) above, it shows that for all independent variables
(X) that affect Business Performance (Y), then the total effect of the entire variable (X) on
the dependent variable (Y) is 0.276. (Al Mamun et al., 2019; Barazandeh et al., 2015;
Dhamayantie & Fauzan, 2017; Ferreras-garcia & Hernández-lara, 2019; Sungkawati, 2019)
Path Coefficient of Other Variables (Epsilon)
The path coefficient of other variables outside the model can be found after knowing the
total influence value ( 𝑅 2 ). The total influence value of the Entrepreneurial Competence and
Business Performance variable based on the results of SPSS data processing is 0.279. To
determine the path coefficient value of other variables, the following formula is used:
𝜌𝛾𝜀 = √1 − 𝑅 2 𝑌(𝑋1 , 𝑋3 )
𝜌𝛾𝜀 = √1 − 0,279
𝜌𝛾𝜀 =0.849
Based on the calculations above, it can be seen that the magnitude of the other path
coefficients that affect Business Performance is 0.720 or (0.849)² = 0.720 x 100% = 72.0%.
This illustrates that the Entrepreneurship Competence of the 2013 Business Education
alumni at UPI is influenced by variables that are not examined by 72.0% or are in a strong
category.
Meanwhile, it is simultaneously known that Knowledge (𝑋1) and Individual Ability (𝑋3)
affect Business Performance (Y) by 28% or, if interpreted, is in the weak category. (Al
Mamun et al., 2019; Barazandeh et al., 2015; Dhamayantie & Fauzan, 2017; Ferreras-garcia
& Hernández-lara, 2019; Sungkawati, 2019).

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Simultaneous Test
Simultaneous testing is carried out to determine the significance of the magnitude of the
influence of Entrepreneurial Competence on Business Performance. The hypothesis of this
test is the effect of Knowledge (𝑋1) and Individual Ability (𝑋3) on Business Performance
(Y) simultaneously, which is tested using SPSS 22 for Windows.
Table 5. Simultanova Hypothesis Testing
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 857,180 3 285,727 7,449 ,000b
Residual 2148,153 56 38,360
Total 3005,333 59
Source: Data Processing Results 2020 using SPSS 22 for Windows
The overall (simultaneous) hypothesis test results can be seen in Table 4.14 below
Table 6. Result of Testing The Simultaneous Hypotheses
Alternative Hypothesis 𝐹ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 Sig. Decision Conclusion
X1, X3 have a positive effect 7,449 3.16 0.000 𝐻0 rejected Significant
on Y influence
Source: Data Processing Results 2020 using SPSS 22 for Windows
Based on the table above, it can be seen that the test for the F test taken from Anova with a
probability level (Sig) = 0.000 because Sig < 0.05 and 𝐹ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 ie 7.449 > 3.16, then
the decision is 𝐻0 rejected, meaning that overall (simultaneously) there is a positive influence
and significant between Entrepreneurship Competence and Business Performance in 2013
Business Education alumni at UPI. (Al Mamun et al., 2019; Barazandeh et al., 2015;
Dhamayantie & Fauzan, 2017; Ferreras-garcia & Hernández-lara, 2019; Sungkawati, 2019)
Partial Test
This test is conducted to determine whether each dimension affects or not on Business
Performance. The following can be seen as the results of the partial test in Table 4.15 using
SPSS 22 for Windows
Table 7. Testing The Partial Hypothesis
Coefficientsa
Unstandardized Standardized
Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 17,745 5,402 3,285 ,002
Knowledge (X1) ,412 ,108 ,522 3,802 ,000
Individual Ability
,010 ,131 ,010 ,076 ,939
(X3)
Source: Data Processing Results 2020 using SPSS 22 for Windows
Based on Table 4.15 above, Knowledge has a value 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 of 3.802 > 1.671 with a
value of 0.000 < 0.05. So it can be stated that Knowledge affects Business Performance. This
shows that the implementation of Knowledge in 2013 Business Education alumni at UPI is
not complex, affecting Business Performance.
Furthermore, Individual Ability has a value 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 < 𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 of 0.076 < 1.671 with a Sig value
of 0.939 > 0.05. So it can be stated that Individual Ability does not affect Business

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Can Effect Business Performance

Performance. (Al Mamun et al., 2019; Barazandeh et al., 2015; Dhamayantie & Fauzan,
2017; Ferreras-garcia & Hernández-lara, 2019; Sungkawati, 2019).

CONCLUSIONS
Based on a study on 2013 Business Education alumni at UPI, it shows that the characteristics
of respondents are dominated by female alumni, most of them have been entrepreneurs in
the culinary field, all of them have undergraduate education, and almost half of them have
experience in entrepreneurship < 1 year.
Not only that, based on the description of the theory and the results of research that has been
carried out using descriptive and verification analysis using path analysis between the
dimensions of Entrepreneurial Competence, namely Knowledge, Skills, and Individual
Ability to Business Performance (Study on 2013 Business Education alumni at UPI) it can
be concluded that :
The description of Entrepreneurial Competencies for the 2013 Business Education alumni
at UPI is in the fairly good category, it can be said that more than half of the respondents can
implement entrepreneurial competencies in UPI Business Education. The per-dimensional
explanation is as follows: Knowledge description is in the fairly good category with the
statement "Has knowledge about marketing" having the highest percentage of assessment,
while the statement "Able to manage resources" having the lowest percentage of assessment.
Description of Individual Ability is in the medium category with the statement “Has
leadership” having the highest percentage of assessment, while the statement “Ability to
advance the business” has the lowest percentage of assessment.
Business Performance Description of 2013 Business Education alumni at UPI is in the
medium category, meaning that some respondents think that the financial performance
dimensions of 2013 Business Education alumni at UPI are quite good. The dimensions that
received high responses were the dimensions of Non-Financial Performance and the
dimensions of Financial Performance with low responses.
The magnitude of the influence of the Entrepreneurial Competence dimension on Business
Success partially, namely, the Knowledge dimension is not complex, so it will affect
Business Performance. Meanwhile, the Individual Ability dimension does not affect
Business Performance. Simultaneously (overall) there is a positive and significant influence
between Entrepreneurial Competence and Business Performance on 2013 Business
Education alumni at UPI.
Therefore, based on research on 2013 Business Education alumni at UPI relating to the
characteristics of respondents, the authors recommend several things regarding the influence
of entrepreneurial competence on business performance, namely: Entrepreneurial
Competence in 2013 Business Education alumni at UPI can be improved in terms of
Individual Ability because they get the lowest dimension score through Entrepreneurship
Training, Seminars, Workshops, etc.
Business Performance of 2013 Business Education alumni at UPI can be improved in terms
of non-financial performance because they have the lowest hyperdimensional value. The
influence of the entrepreneurial competence dimension on Business Performance for alumni
of Business Education 2013 at UPI is in the weak category. So respondents must improve
aspects of entrepreneurial competence to improve business performance to compete and
excel.
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Weaknesses in this study include research conducted at one time (cross-sectional) so that
there is the possibility of individual behavior changing rapidly from time to time, besides the
variables used in this study, do not represent all the factors that affect business performance
and still use the population of fewer than 100 respondents.

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