(D MY WOR)DESK Reliable

procedure - step9,
arithmetie
kour equal groupr, deciles - ntudy of umbers,
mean
average;medinn - middle: quartiles
- dividod into
l0.equalgroups: percentiles - divided into 100 equal
.to descrnbe,
poverty - statistical use of statistics:
extent, misinterprets -po0r; acquainted - to get to known:fluctuations descr-ii groups; Aivide
pOvertyline - minimum misunderstand:
required income
investments - range of investments; benchto get
survey - observe;
basic needs of life:
- changes; inflation
drought - no rainfall in
an
measuring the performance; baseline. area,
n
magniincturedeae
compare, observations - the data in marking -
pon.w
numbers; frequency distribution - mathematical
representating terms; cumulative -increased in quantity by adding one after other
in fucontnctiionn;uouslminsymbol
imyum ,
SOLVED PROBLEMS
TYPE ) :PROBLEMS BASED ON QUARILES
(A)
INDIVIDUAL. DATA: (2) Calculate Q, for the given
*(1) Calculate Q, and Q, of the frst
examination
as given:
marks scored by the semester
40, 85, 84, 83, 82, 69, 68,
students Ans.
20. 28, 31, 18, 17, 32, 33, 22, 21
Arrange the data in
17. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 28, 31, 32, 33
ascending order distribution
Ans.
65, 64, 55, 45| n= 10
Arrange the data in ascending order 40 AB B5 Third Quartile ( ,
64, 65, 68, 69, 82, 83, 84, 85 th Observation

n=number of observations .. n = 11 Q,=sizeof

First Quartile (Q, ): th Observation

, = size of +1
th Observation = size of 3
4 th Observation

, =size of 3x 4
th Observation
Q, = size of
th Observation
th Obsorvation
Qa = size of
Q, =size of
( Q. =size of 8.25th Observation js S6
Q. =size of 3d Observation
Q = size of 8th Observation +0. 25 (9th Observation Qh
Q. = size of 3rd Observation is B5
Q, =31 + 0.25 (32 -31)
Q, =55
Q. =31 + 0.25x 1
Third Quartile (Q):
.. Q, =31,25
th Observation
Q. =size of
Ans. Q,= 31.25
th Observation

Q. =size of 3. Find the first and third Quartiles from t

following data:
12 th Observation |4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 5, 8, 10, 14, 12, 13
Q, -size of 3 4
Sol.
Arrange the data in ascending order.
4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
= s)ze of 9th Observation js 83
.. n= 11

Q. =83 First Quartile (Q)

th Observation
n+1
|Ans. Q, = 55, Q, =83 Q. =size of
4
 4
Bconomic# -XI
and third
formula for first
11+1
th Obaervation
(3) Apply the following
quartiles.
\ th Obmervatiop
n + 1
= 8)Ze of 3rd 0bservation Q, = size of
4
th Observatioo
..Q, =6 n+ 1
Q, = size of 3
Third Quartile (Q) 4
\th Observation
Q, = size of 3 n+1 Where, n= f the
quartile for
4
th observation
*(1) Find the first and third
Q. = size of 3 11+1 following ungrouped data. 6 10
4 9 12
Income (lakh ) 9 10
Q. =size of (3 x 3)h Observation 6
No. of Person 6 12
Q. =size of 9th Observation
Q, = 12 Solution :
Cumulative
Ans. Q, = 6. Q, =12
Income No,of frequency (cf)
(lakh ?) () Person ()
06
A. Find first and third 04 06
quartile from the 14
following data. 05 08
23
06 09
30, 35, 37, 32, 36, 33, 38, 31, 34, 39, 40 35
09 12
Arrange the data in ascending order. 45
Sol. 10 10
53
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 12 08
06 59
15
.. n =11
n=59
First Quartile (Q):
th Observation
First Quartile (Q)
th Observation
n+1
= Size of Q. = s1ze of
4
th Obeervation th Observation
1+1 59 + 1
= Size of Q, = the size of
Q 4 4

Q. =size of 3rd observation. Q. = size of 15th observation ]ies in cf 23.

Q. =32 Hence quartile value = 6
Third Quartile (Q ): Ans. Q, =6lakhs
th Observation
ntl
Q. =size of 3 Third Quartile (Q,)
4 th Observation

Observation Q, = size of 3
11+1
Q. = siZe of 3 4 th Observation
59 + 1
Q, = size of 3
Q. =size of (3 x3)th Obeervation 4
Observation th Observaton
Q. = Size of gth 60
Q. = size of 3
.. Q, =38 4
45th Observation
Q = Size of 305)th Observation = size of
Ans. Q, =32,Q, =38
Q. =size of 45h bervation lhes in cf.
(B) DISCRETE DATA (UNGROUPED IDATA):
Hence, quartile value = 10
Steps : =?10lakhs
(1) Arrange the data in ascending or descending Q.
order. 10 lakhs
(2) Calculate the cumulative frequency.
Ans, Q, =6 lakhs, Q.
 42

d lhe
Reliable Nerie,
tiret guatile nd iht quie Where
from the ollen ing
ugIed data. Lower imit of quartile class.
Frequeney of the quartile clA.
Cumulative frequency of the clan
Solatit preceding the quartile claas.
Total of frequency.
Upper limit lower hmit ofthe quartile
02 02 clans,
02
04
06
04 06 Tollowing dat:
12
(0
20 Ralnfall (n cms) 20-30 30-40 40-50

30 No. of years 20 17 6
07 Sotion
12
D2 Ralnfall No. of Cumulative Frequeney
09 (in ems) years () (o)
66
10 20-30 7
79
n 79 30-40 20 27
44
First Quartile (Q): 40-50 17
h Ohservation 50-60 50
, Aize of n= 60
th Obeervatlon

Q, =size of
79 + irst Quartile (Q)
4 th Observation

Q. size of 20"h obaervatian lies in cf, Q, =8ize of

Hence, quartile value = b th Observation

, = size of
Third Quartile (Q):
Lh Observation
, =size of (12,5) (h Obaervation
-s0Ze of 3 12.5 lies in cf 27,
th Obaervation first quartile class is 30-40
Q, =size of 3 79 + l
4 |= 30, f= 20, cf=7, n= 50, h= 10
Q. =the size of 60h obervalion lies in cf.
Hence, quartile value =9
.". Q, =9
50
Ans. Q, = 5, Q, =9 4
7
Q, = 30 + x 10
(C) CONTINUOUS ATA 20
(GROUPED DISTRIBUTION):
Q, =30 + 12.5 - 7
Step I: First find the value of quartile. 20
th Observatlon
5.5
Q, =8ize of , =30 + X 10
20
th Obervation

, = size of 3n 55
Q, = 30+|
Step II : 20
Q, =30 +2,75
Xh (i = 1, 2, 3) Q, =32.75
Q, = 32.75
 43

Bconomics X/

Third Quartile (Q): First Quartile (Q,):

th 0bservation \th Observation.
3n
Q. =size of
4 Q, = size of
3 x 50 th Observation th Observation
Q. =SIze of 4 Q, = size of
150) Obsevation
SIze of
4 , = size of (37.5)th observation
Obseration
0. =size of 37.5 th 37.5 lies in cf 50,
37.5 lies in cf 44, first quartile class is 30-40 h=10,
third quartile class is 40-50 |= 30, f= 25, cf= 25, n= 150,
". l=40, f= 17, cf= 27, n= 50, h= 10
xh
cf
4 xh
37.5 -25
Q, =30 + x 10
3x 50 25
27
4
Q, = 30 + (12.5 X10
Q, =40 t x10
17
25
37.5 -27 125
Q, =40 +t x 10 Q, = 30 +
17 25
Q, = 30 + 5
10.5
Q, =40+ X 10 Q, = 35
17
|Ans. Q, =35
105
Q, =40+ Third Quartile (Q,):
17
Q. =40+6.18 th Observation
Q. = size of 3n
4
Q =46. 18 3x 150)h Observation
Q, = 46.18 Q, = size of
4

Ans. Q, =32.75, Q, = 46.18 Q, = size of 450

th Observation

4
Find first and third quartile from the
follow ing data. , = size of 112.5 th bservation
10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-7070-80 112.5 lies in cf 125.,
CJ
Freq 15 25 40 35 20 5 third quartile class is 50-60
10
uency .. l=50, f= 35, cf= 90, n= 150, h= 10
Solution 37
C.I Frequency xh
10-20 10 10
20-30 15 25 3x150
90
30-40 25 50 4
Q. = 50+| |X10
40-50 40 90 35
50-60 35 125
112.5-90
60-70 20 145 Q = 50+ x10
35
70-80 05 150
n=150 22.5
= 50+| x10
35
 d4

.50+

Q.50 + 6.43
225
35
| 3x 45
Relinth
Q, =56.43 135
Q, = sizeof
Ans, Q, =56.43
33.75 lies in cf 40,
3. Caleulate Q, tnd Q for thirdquartile class is 30-40
0-10 the loilawine datt.
7
10-20 20-30 30-40 .". l= 30, f=8, cf= 32, n =
10 40-50 45,
C.J
15 5
4
cf h=
0-10
7 ef Q, =l+ f
10-20 07
10
20-30 17
3x45 _32
30-40
15 Q, =30+| 4 x 10
32
40-50
5 40
45
Q, =30+0g10
n45
First Quart ile (Q)
th Observation.
Q. = size of
4
Q =30 o+(8)
Q, = 30 + 2.18
45)th Observation
Q, =size of
Q, =32.18
Q. =size of Q, =32.18
(11.25)th Observation
11.25 lies in cf 17, Ans. Q,= 32.18
first quartile class is TYPE II) :
..
10-20. (A)
PROBLEMS BASED ON DECLPS
l=10, f= 10,
cf= 7, n= 45, h= INDIVIDUAL DATA :
10 Steps :
Q, =l+ (1) Arrange data in ascending order.
Xh
(2) Apply the formula for
45 Q.1.
given decile.
Caleulate D, and D for the
|10, 15, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 11, 9 following
Q, = 10+| 4
x 10
da
10
Sol.
Q, Arrange the data in ascending order.
x 10 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.
14. 15
Q, =10+ The number of values (n)
(11.25-7) =9.
Q, =10 +4.25 Fourth Decile (D,):
=14.25 th Observation
D, = ize of 4l n+1
|Ans. Q, = 14.25 10
9+ 1\h Observation
Third Quartile (Q) D, = size of 4
th Observation. 10
Q, =size of 3n
4 th Observation
D, = size of 4
10
 45
EconomiC8 XI

D. =Size of (4 X 1)th Obuervation The number of value (n) = 19

Obmervation
D. = SiZe of 4th Second Decile ()) K
th Obaervation
ns
D,= 10
D, =size of 4
Light Decile (D): 10
th Observation
th Obeervation OS
19+
= 812e of D, = 8ize of 2
D, 10

th Observntion D, =size of (2 x 2)th Obeervation

= size of 8|
9+ 1
D, 10
D, =Size of q1h obervation
th Observation
10
= Size of 8
D |Ans. D, = 14
Observation
D =size of (8x 1)th Fourh Decile (D.
th Obaervation
Obeervation
= S1ze of 8th t
D, D, = size of 4
Ans. D, = 14 (19+ 1
th Obaervation

D, =size of 4
*12) Calculate D, for the given data. 10

14,13, 12, 11, 15, 16, 18, 17, 19, 20 D, =size of (4 × 2)h Observation

Sol. Arrange the data in ascendingorder. D, =size of gth Observation

11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,20
n =9. Ans D, = 18
Eight Decile (D
Seventh Decile (D).
th Observation
n+1 tb Observation

D, = size of 8 D, = size of 7
n+1
10
th Observation
10+ 1 19 + 1
th Observation
= Size of 8 D, =size of 7
D, 10
10
th Observation
11 D, = size of (7x 2)th obaervation
of &
D. = size
D, = size of 14th observation
Observalion
D. =size of (8 x 1.1)h
Ans. D, = 24
D. =S12e of (8.8)tb Observatuon

gth Observation)
(R)
D =Size of 8th Observation + 0.8(9th Observation
( NGRO0tPLD D1STKBL I10N
D, = 18+ 0.8 (19 - 18)
Steps:
D, = 18 (0.8 x1) (1) Arrange data in ascending order (if not)
D, =18 +0.8
(2) Find cf.
Ans. D, = 18.8 (3) Find required decile.
(3) Find D,, D, and D, for the following data. (4) Determine decile, based on cf value.
11, 15, 12, 16, 13, 17, 14, 18, 20, 19, 25, 21, 24. *(1) Find out D, and D, for following data.
22, 23, 29, 28, 27, 26 Marls 10 20 30 40 50 60

Sol. Arrange the data in ascending order. No, of 5 6 4 5 10 9

11, 12, 13, 14. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, Students
24,25. 26, 27, 28, 29
 46

Soution Solution

Marks No, of Students () Marks No, of Students

D,
10
20
11
05
06
Cam
30
16
D 40 04
6
20 D,
50 05
10
60 30 10
i 39 | D, 15
n = 39 6
n= 45
Second Decile (D,):
n t 1 th Observation ThirdDeciles (D,):
D, =size of 2 n+1
th Observation
10
D, = size of 3 10
+ 1\th Observation
= Size of 9 |39
th Observation
D, 45 + 1
3
10 = S1ze of
D, 10
th Observation th Observation
40 (46
D, = size of 2 10 D, =size of 3
10
D, =size of (2 × 4)h observation Observation
D, = size of 3 (4.6)th
D, =size of gth observation Observation
D, =size of 13.8th
size of gth observation ]ies in cf
11 D =size of 13.8th Observation lies in cf 18
Hence, D, = 20 marks Hence, D, =3marks
Ans. D, = 20
|Ans. D, =3
Fourth Decile (D,):
Fifth Decile (D.):
th Observation
th Observation n+1
n+1 D. = size of 5
D, = size of 2 10
10
th Observation
45+1
D. = size of 5
th Observation
39 + 1
D, = size of 4 10
10
th Observation
46
th Observation D, = size of 5
40 10
D, = Size of 4
10 D. = size of 5 (4.6)th observation
D, = size of (4 x 4)th observation D. =size of 23rd observation

D,4 = size of 16th observation D. = size of 23rd observation lies in cf 30

size of 16th observation ]ies in cf 20 Hence, D, = 5 marks

Hence, D, = 40 marks Ans. D, = 5
Ans. D, = 40 (C) CONTINUOUS DATA
(2) Find D, and D, for
(GROUPED DISTRIBUTION) :
following data. Step (I):
Marks 2 3 4 5 6 th Observation
No. of D = size of
jn
5 6 4 10 15
Students 10)
(Where j= 1, 2, 9)
 47

Where.
Dle
D 20
lower imit ofdecie claas, 40

Frequency of decile clasa, D. 20+

300
Cumulative frequency of clasA
preceding decile class, D, =20 +76
upper limit of the class -lower limit of D, =27.5
the decile class,
Find out D, and D. for the following data
Ans. D, =27.5
of marks of 100 students in a class test. Seventlh Decle (D)
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 th (aevaton
Marks 7n
D. = size of
No.of 10 10 40 20 20 10
Students
th Ohsevation
D. = size of
7x100
Solution
10
Marks No.of Students () 700 th Observatinn
0-10
10 10 D, = size of
10
10-20 10 20
D. =size of 70h Obaervation
20-30 40 60
30-40 20 80 D. = size of 70h Obwervatinn lies in cf 80
40-50 20 100 Hence, Decile class = 30-40 marks
n =100
l= 30, f= 20, cf= 60, n = 100, h= 10
Fifth Decile (D): 7n
th Observation
5n
= size of D, =1+ l0
D, 10
th Obeervation
5x100 7x100
= Size of -60
D, 10 10
D, =30+ x10
th Observation 20
500
D, = size of 10 700
-60
Observation D, = 30 10 x10
D. =size of 50h 20
D. = size of 50th Observation ]lies in cf 60 70- 60
D, = 30+ 20
x10
Hence, Decile class = 20-30 marks
10
.:. l= 20, f=40, cf= 20, n=100, h= 10 D, = 30 + x10
20)
100
-cf D, =30+
20
D, =l+| 10 *h
D, =30 +5
5x100 D, =35 marks
20
10
D, = 20 + 10
|Ans. D, = 35
40
 Relable Sen
Marks 0. 10 s0. 60 60 70 70-90 80 )
No. of Sidents 4
I0-20 20-30 040 A0-60
1
90-106
14 25
oution
Marks No., of Students
(0- 10 04
10-20 88s5|8|33 09 04
13
20-30 14 27 D
30-40 25 52
40-50
18 70
50-60 D,
06 76 D,
60-70 02 78
70-80 01 79
80-90 01 80
90-100 00 80
n = 80
Second Decile (D ) Eight Decile (D) Ninth De cile (D ):
th Observation
9n th Observation
D =size of th Observation
= size of
10 D, = size of 8n
10
D, 10
2x 80
D th Observation.
D, =
10
D, = size of 8x 80 (9x 80 th Observation
10 size of
10
160
D, = = 16 tb Observation th Observation
10
D,
Size of/64 D, =Size of 720
10
D. = 16tb Observation
= size of 64th Observat ion D =72th observation lies in cf 76.
16th Observation lies in cf 27, D,
D = 64th Observation ]jes in cf 70, Hence, decile class is 50-60
Hence, decile class is 20-30 .". l= 50, f= 6, cf= 70,
.. Hence, decile class is 40-50
l=20, f= 14, cf= 13, n= 80, h = 10 n= 80, h=10
|=40, f= 18, cf =52,
2n n= 80, h= 10.
-c.f 9n
D, 10 -c.f
8n D, =|+ 10 xh
D, =1+|10
2 x 80 9x 80
-13 -70
D, = 20+/ 10 8x80 D, =50+ 10 X10
x 10
-52 6
D, =40 + 10 X10
18
(16-13 D, = 50 + (72-70
6 *10
D, = 20 +| X10
14 D, = 40 + 64-52 X10
18
2
3 (12 D, = 50 + X 10
D, = 20+ X 10 D, =40
+x10
(18)
14
20
30 120 D, = 50+
D, = 20 + D, = 40 + 6
14 18
D, = 40 + 6,66 D, =50 + 3.33
D, = 20+ 2.14
D, =53.33
Ans. D, = 22.14 Ans. D, = 46.67
Ans. D, =53.33
 49
kronomiCS-
N7

PROBLEMS BASEDON PERCENTILES P. -79 +0.36 3

(H);
INDIVIDUAL
TYPE DATA: PM=79 +L.06

Steps:
Hndconcerned percentile Ans. P= 80.05
resul..count the number and determine
Basedon
2) thepercentile. (3) Calculate 50:h percentile for the following
data.
i
Find for the following data.
)
|10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
9
10. 15, 8, 16,19, 11, 12, 14. Sol. ..n=9
Arrangethe data in ascending order.
th Ohservation
14, l5, 16, 19 Po =size of 50 9+1
Sol.
g9. 10, 11, 12,
100
n=9.
th Observation
th Observation
n+1 10
of40 100 P50 = size of 50
= size 100
th Observation
(9+1 th Observation
= size
of40 P = size of 50 1
100
10
th Observation
10
of40 th Observation
P. = size 100 50)
40 P60 = size of
th Observation 10
40 x 10
= sizeof P 50 = Size of 5th Observation
P 100
th Observation
400 Ans. P.,= 50
= sizeof 50
100
4th observatlon
(B) DISCRETE DATA
= size of
P40 (UNGROUPED DISTRIBUTION) :
=size of 4th obervation
is 11
Steps:
Ans. P,=11 (1) Find the concerned percentile.
(2) Find cf
*/2) Calculate Ps from the following data. (9) Based on cf determine the percentile.
79, 82, 36, 38, 51, 72, 68, 70, 64. 63| ) Find out P,, and P. for the following data:
60

Sol. Arrange the data in ascending order. Height 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

36. 38, 51, 63, 64, 68, 70, 72, 79, 82 (in inches)
.. n=10,
No. of 4 6 10 12 2 1
th Observatjon person
n+1
85
P. = size of 100 Solution:

(10 +1
th Observation Height No. of person (
P,. = size of 85 100
(in inches)
58 4
th Observation
11 59 5 9 P0
P. =size of 85 100 15
60
P S1ze of (85 x 0.1)th observation 61 10 25 Pgo
62 12 37
P = size of (9.35)th observation 39
63 2
P = size of 9th observation +0.35(10th observation gthobservation) 64 1 40
n= 40
79+0.85 (82
 Ientie th fer nEile t Reloble s

*ize od 76

100
2) 41
100 1500
P ze of
100
820 P.. Rize of 5 ste
P, ze of
100
15 ( lies in cf 14, hence
P. 1e of 89th rte
lhes in cf9 An- P.=50
Hence, P, 59 (C) CONTINUOUS DATA
Ans 59 (GROUPED DISTRIBUTION:
We use the following formula.
Sixtieth Percentile ('
n+1
th (ervet
ct
100
P 8ize of 60
n+] P,=l+ xh
100
tb 0tuervaton
(where k =1,2, 3, 99)
P size of Bo 40+1
100 where :
Oorveton =lower limit of percentile class
P 8ize of 60 x 41 cf = cumulative frequency of class preceding
100
percentile class
th Ohmervatan

P size of
2460 = frequency of percentile class
100 = upper limit of the class -lower limit of the
P size of (24.6)h obeervation percentile class
P size of 24.6h beervation lies in cf 25
Q1 Find out P.. from the following data.
Marks 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25
Hence, P=61 No, of
Ans. 20 12
P =61 Students 8

Q2. Calculate P.. for the follow ing Solution

Marks 10 20 30 40
Marks No. of Students ()
50
No, of Students 1 4 5
0-5 3 3
Solution: 5-10 7 10
Marks 10-15 20 30
No. of Students
15-20 12 42
01 01
20 20-25 50
06 07
30 03 n = 50
10
40 04 14 Sixty fifth Percentile (P):
50 05 19 P, th Observation
65n
n = 19 P..
65 = size of
100
hvonomCs
thDbpvatkes
hLhawgakit
T000
alze uf
l00

3260
sizeof
100 lies in cf |7,
sise of32.6th0bseryatio#
Hence, pereentile clans is 30-40,
vion lies in cf 42, .30, H, cf 9, n26, h 10
percentile elass = 15-20 40n
Hence,
15, f= 12, cf= 30, n =50, h=5 100

65n
100 40x 26
P. =/| P
= 30+| 100
x10
65X50
30
100 1000
=15+ 12 9
P PP= 30 +| 100 |X10
3250 -30
100 X5
P =15+ 10-9
12
P = 30 + x 10
32.5-30
=15+| |X5
12 P
2.5
=15+ X5
P65
12 P = 30 + 10
2.5x 5
P, =15+|0
( 12 Po =30 +1.25 Ans P =31.25
Pes=l5+/12.6
12
Eightieth Percentile ():
80n yth Observntion
+1.04 Pc = size of
p. =15 100
Ans. Pas=16.04 80×25 th Observation
80
= size of
Erom the following Irequeney distribution 100
Q.2
ind P and P. = 8ize of
2000 th Observation
P80
100
Marks 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50| 50-60

No.of 8 P 80 = size of 20th 0bservation

5 4 4 4
Students 20th Observation lies in cf 21,
Solution: Hence, percentile class is 40-50.
Marks No. of Students c . l= 40, f= 4, cf= 17,n= 25 h= 10.
10-20 5 5 80n
100 -cf
20-30 4 P =1+
17 P
30-40 40
80×25
21 Pan -17
40-50 80
100
P = 40+ x10
50-60 4 25 4

n= 25

Fortieth Percentile (P ):
P
=40+(10
40n
th Observation P, =40+()x10
P, = Size of
100
th Observation
Po =40+|)
40 x 25
P = size of Ans. P =47.5
100 P =40+ 7.5
2

NO,
TYPE PORMULA
(1)
QLARTILES th Ohservto

Q. = sizeof
(1) Ind1vidual Data and Discrete Data th Obervation
(Ungrouped Distribution) Q, = Value of 3

Q, =l+ xh

(u) Continuous Data

(Grouped Distribution) 3n
, =1+ 4 xh

(2)
DECLES
th Observation
n+1
D, =size of 1
(i) 10
Individual Data and Discrete Data th Observation
(Grouped Distribution) D,= size of 4 n+1
10

n -cf

|D, =l+|
(ü) Continuous Data
(Grouped Distribution) 4n
-cf
D, = 1+ 10 xh

(3) PERCENTILES:
th Observation
n+1
(i) Individual and Discrete Data
P, =size of 1
100
(Ungrouped Distribution) n+1
th Observation

P =size of 60
100

10n
C
P.. =l+ 100
xh
(ii) Continuous data
(Grouped Distribution) 40n
P =l+ 100
-cf
xh