SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

[Educational Service: SNR Sons Charitable Trust]

[Autonomous Institution, Reaccredited by NAAC with ‘A+’ Grade]
[Approved by AICTE and Permanently Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai]
[ISO9001:2015 Certified and all eligible programmes Accredited by NBA]
Vattamalaipalayam,N.G.G.O. Colony Post, Coimbatore – 641 022.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORT

DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL PULSE-POSITION MODULATION SYSTEM

SUBHA VIGNESH G – 71812202237

SUDHARSHAN V – 71812202238

THIRD YEAR B.E. ECE – V SEM Academic Year 2024-2025

20EC275 – ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

FACULTY IN-CHARGE

Dr. M. Kasiselvanathan,

AP(Sl.G)/ECE
 SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
[Educational Service: SNR Sons Charitable Trust]
[Autonomous Institution, Reaccredited by NAAC with ‘A+’ Grade]
[Approved by AICTE and Permanently Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai]
[ISO 9001:2015 Certified and all eligible programmes Accredited by NBA]
Vattamalaipalayam,N.G.G.O. Colony Post, Coimbatore – 641 022.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORT

20EC275 – ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL PULSE-POSITION MODULATION

SYSTEM

Assessment

Sl. Total
Name & Roll No.
No. (10)

1. SUBHA VIGNESH G
(71812202237)
SUDHARSHAN V
2. (71812202238)

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY IN-CHARGE

Dr. M. Kasiselvanathan , AP(Sl.G)/ECE

 CONTENTS

PAGE
S. No. TITLE NUMBER

DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL PULSE-POSITION MODULATION

SYSTEM

1. ABSTRACT 04

2. INTRODUCTION 04

3. WORK PROCESS 05

4. MATLAB CODE AND OUTPUT 07

5. CONCLUSION 09

6. REFERENCES 10

3
 ABSTRACT
The design of a Digital Pulse-Position Modulation (PPM) system focuses
on creating an efficient method for encoding information by varying the position
of pulses within a signal. This technique offers several advantages, including
reduced power consumption and increased resilience to noise. The project
involves establishing a mathematical model, designing the pulse signal, and
implementing the system through coding and simulation. The performance is
analyzed by simulating the transmission process, visualizing the results, and
comparing the error rates with other modulation methods. This PPM system
design provides a robust and efficient solution for modern digital communication
applications, ensuring accurate data transmission even under challenging
conditions.

INTRODUCTION

Digital Pulse-Position Modulation (PPM) is an advanced modulation

technique that encodes information by varying the position of pulses in a signal,
ensuring efficient and reliable data transmission. Unlike traditional modulation
methods that alter the amplitude or width of pulses, PPM maintains the constant
pulse shape and amplitude, enhancing the system's robustness against noise and
signal distortion. The design of a PPM system involves establishing a
comprehensive mathematical model, creating precise pulse signals, and
implementing the system through rigorous coding and simulation. This approach
allows for detailed analysis and optimization of the modulation scheme. The
application of PPM spans across various fields, including telecommunications,
optical communications, and remote control systems, offering improved

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 performance and power efficiency. The introduction of PPM into these areas
signifies a significant advancement in digital communication technology,
providing a foundation for developing more sophisticated and resilient
communication systems.

WORK PROCESS

1. Conceptualization and Mathematical Modeling

• Objective Definition: Clearly define the goals and objectives of the PPM system.
• Mathematical Model: Develop a mathematical model to represent the PPM
system, including signal generation, modulation, and transmission.

2. Design of Pulse Signal

• Signal Design: Design the shape and characteristics of the pulse signal to be
used for modulation.
• Sampling and Quantization: Decide on sampling rates and quantization levels
to ensure accurate signal representation.

3. System Implementation
• Hardware and Software Integration**: Integrate hardware components (e.g.,
comparators, monostable multivibrators) and software tools (e.g., MATLAB)
for system implementation.
• Coding: Write the code for generating, modulating, and transmitting the PPM
signal. This includes creating algorithms for pulse generation and modulation.

4. Simulation and Visualization

• Simulation Setup: Set up simulations to test the PPM system under various
conditions, including different noise levels and signal strengths.

5
 • Visualization: Use visualization tools to plot and analyze the generated signals,
PPM signals, and received signals. Validate the performance of the system
through graphical analysis.

5. Performance Analysis
• Error Rate Analysis: Analyze the error rates (e.g., bit error rate) of the PPM
system under different conditions using MATLAB simulations.
• Noise Impact Assessment: Evaluate the impact of noise on the system's
performance and robustness.

6. Comparative Study
• Comparison with Other Modulation Methods: Compare the performance of the
PPM system with other modulation methods (e.g., Pulse Width Modulation) to
highlight its advantages and limitations.
• Optimization: Identify areas for improvement and optimization in the PPM
system to enhance its performance.

7. Documentation and Reporting

• Documentation: Document the entire design process, including mathematical
models, code, simulation results, and analysis.
• Reporting: Prepare detailed reports and presentations to share the findings and
results with stakeholders.

8. Future Work and Improvements

• Advanced Techniques: Explore advanced error correction techniques and
adaptive modulation methods to further improve the system's performance.
• Practical Implementation: Plan for practical implementation and testing in real-
world scenarios.

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This structured approach ensures a comprehensive and methodical design process for
the Digital Pulse-Position Modulation system, leading to efficient and robust
communication solutions.

MATLAB CODE AND OUTPUTS

MOVING WAVES:
% Parameters
fs = 1e4; % Sampling frequency
T = 1; % Duration of signal
t = 0:1/fs:T-1/fs; % Time vector

% Message signal (sinusoidal)

f_msg = 5; % Frequency of message signal
msg_signal = sin(2*pi*f_msg*t);

% PWM signal (Pulse Width Modulation)

pwm_signal = double(msg_signal > 0);

% PPM signal (Pulse Position Modulation)

ppm_signal = zeros(size(t)); % Ensure ppm_signal has the same length as t
delay = round(fs/(2*f_msg)); % Delay for pulse position

for i = 1:length(pwm_signal)
if pwm_signal(i) == 1 && (i+delay <= length(ppm_signal))
ppm_signal(i+delay) = 1; % Shift pulse by delay
end

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end

% Plotting the signals

figure;
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t, msg_signal);
title('Message Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');

subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t, pwm_signal);
title('PWM Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');

subplot(3,1,3);
plot(t, ppm_signal);
title('PPM Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');

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OUTPUT:

CONCLUSION

The design of a Digital Pulse-Position Modulation (PPM) system showcases

its effectiveness in encoding and transmitting information by varying the position
of pulses within a signal. This modulation technique ensures efficient power
usage and enhanced resilience to noise, making it ideal for communication
systems requiring precise timing and minimal signal distortion. By employing a
rigorous design process that includes mathematical modeling, signal generation,
and simulation, the system's performance has been thoroughly analyzed and
optimized. The PPM system has proven to be a robust solution for modern digital
communication, offering significant advantages over traditional modulation

9
methods. Its applications span various fields such as telecommunications, optical
communications, and remote control systems, highlighting its versatility and
practical utility. Future work could focus on further enhancing the system's
capabilities through advanced error correction techniques and adaptive
modulation methods, ensuring even greater reliability and efficiency in diverse
communication environments.

REFERENCES

1. Design of Digital Pulse-Position Modulation System: Nanjun Yu, Pengzhao

Wang, and Zhiyi Zhuang

2. Optimization of Digital Pulse Position Modulation for FSO Systems:

Ebrahim E. Elsayed

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