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Electronic Devices Lab - Study of Single Stage Transistor Common Emitter - Final Term - ACS

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Reday Islam
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11 views

Electronic Devices Lab - Study of Single Stage Transistor Common Emitter - Final Term - ACS

Uploaded by

Reday Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

TOGETHER WE CAN ACHIEVE MORE

COURSE NAME: ELECTRONIC DEVICES LAB


(BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR (BJT): STUDY OF SINGLE STAGE TRANSISTOR COMMON EMITTER
AMPLIFIER)

SOLVED BY

Christopher Andrew Guda


Abstract:
The goal of the ac analysis is to identify the voltage amplification (AV), current amplification (Ai), input
impedance (Zi), output impedance (Zo), and the phase relation between the input voltage (Vi) and the
output voltage (Vo). Following the dc analysis, we will determine the small signal parameters based on
the model being used, sketch the small signal equivalent circuit, and then carry out the ac analysis.

Theory and Methodology:


The analysis is conducted under the assumption that the signal frequency is high enough. The bypass
capacitor (CE) and all coupling capacitors (C1 and C2) are therefore assumed to function as ideal short
circuits. This frequency is referred to as being in the amplifier's mid band. The T-model and hybrid-model
can both be applied to the ac analysis. These models are only applicable to weak signals. The following
figures 1 and 2 depict the general forms of these models.

Fig. 1: The Hybrid π-model

Where transconductance:
𝐼𝑐 𝐾𝑇
𝑔𝑚 = and 𝑉𝑇 =
𝑉𝑇 𝑞

𝑟 𝜋 = 𝛽 /𝑔 𝑚
Common base input resistance

𝑟 𝑒 = 𝛼 /𝑔 𝑚
Fig. 2: The T-model

Since in this experiment we will mainly concentrate on single stage amplifier where most widely used
single stage transistor amplifier in common emitter configuration is shown in the figure below.

Fig. 3: Single Stage CE Amplifier


Apparatus:

• Transistor
• 33k, 10k, 4.7k, 3.3k, 1.5k and 330 Ohms resistors.
• Project board
• Oscilloscope
• Multimeter
• Signal Generator
• 100uF capacitor
• Probes
• Power supply cable
Experimental Procedure:

• The value of Beta of the transistor was measured with multimeter.


• The DC operating point of the transistor circuit was measured.
• The circuit was implemented as shown in figure.
• The operating point was measured with the help of table-1 and the calculated value were
compared.
• The AC signal of 1kHz was fed at the input and the input and output were observed in the
Oscilloscope.
• The input signal was increased until the output signal were distorted. Thereafter input signal were
measured. This measured signal is the maximum input signal that the amplifier can amplify
without any distortion.
• Now an AC signal was fed that, less than the maximum signal handling capacity if the amplifier.
The input signal frequency was fixed at 1kHz. The output and input voltage waveform was drawn
and gain was calculated.
• Different load resistors were connected and voltage gain of amplifier for each was found.

Experimental Data:
Q-Point of the amplifier:

Vcc Vc Vcc-Vc Ic = (Vcc-Vc)/Rc VCE

10V 8.02 V 1.98 V 5.35 mA 7.62 V


Maximum signal that can be handled by the amplifier without introducing distortion V and
Operating frequency = 9.24 KHz

Load Resistor Input Voltage Output Voltage Gain


1k 2.2 V 6.6 V 3
4.7k 2.24 V 8.60 V 3.83
10k 2.24 V 9V 4.01
100k 2.16 V 9.4 V 4.35
Simulation Data:
Q-Point of the amplifier:

Vcc Vc Vcc-Vc Ic = (Vcc-Vc)/Rc VCE

10V 8.224 V 1.776 V 1.184 mA 7.829 V


Maximum signal that can be handled by the amplifier without introducing distortion V and
Operating frequency = 9.24 KHz

Load Resistor Input Voltage Output Voltage Gain


1k 1V 2.64V 2.64
4.7k 1V 3.077V 3.077
10k 1V 3.146V 3.146
100k 1V 3.22V 3.22
Discussion:
1. The capacitors in the circuit act as DC blockers, only allowing AC signals to pass through and
blocking DC signals. This makes sure that only the analog part of the signal are amplified and the
amount of DC noise on the input and output of the amplifier is lessened.
2. The resistors limit the current flowing through the circuit. The function of the 330 ohm resistor
(RE) is to stabilize the amplifier. The function of the 33k ohm and 3.3k ohm resistors are to bias the
transistor in a voltage divider configuration. The 1.5k ohm resistor limits the current flowing
through the collector of the transistor.
3. It was noted that through the use of a voltage divider configuration, the β or gain of the amplifier
circuit remained fairly constant even through changing output loads.
4. It was noted that the output of the transistor had a phase difference of 180 degrees to that
of the input phase.

References:
1. American International University–Bangladesh (AIUB) Electronic Devices Lab Manual.
2. A.S. Sedra, K.C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits,” Oxford University Press (1998).
3. J. Keown, ORCAD PSpice and Circuit Analysis, Prentice Hall Press (2001)
4. P. Horowitz, W. Hill, “The Art of Electronics,” Cambridge University Press (1989).

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