16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

As stated in the previous lesson, when changing from a function to its

inverse the inputs and outputs of the original function are switched. This
is because when we find an inverse function, we are taking some original
function and solving for its input 𝑥; so what used to be the input becomes
the output, and what used to be the output becomes the input.
−11 Given to the left are the steps
𝑓(𝑥) =
1 + 3𝑥
to find the inverse of the
−𝟏𝟏 original function 𝑓. These
𝒇= steps illustrates the changing
𝟏 + 𝟑𝒙 of the inputs and the outputs
(𝟏 + 𝟑𝒙) ∙ 𝒇 = −𝟏𝟏 when going from a function
to its inverse. We start out
𝒇 + 𝟑𝒙𝒇 = −𝟏𝟏 with 𝑓 (the output) isolated
and 𝑥 (the input) as part of
𝟑𝒙𝒇 = −𝟏𝟏 − 𝒇 the expression, and we end
up with 𝑥 isolated and 𝑓 as
−𝟏𝟏 − 𝒇 the input of the expression.
𝒙= Keep in mind that once 𝑥 is
𝟑𝒇
isolated, we have basically
−11 − 𝑥 found the inverse function.
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
3𝑥

Since the inputs and outputs of a function are switched when going from
the original function to its inverse, this means that the domain of the
original function 𝑓 is the range of its inverse function 𝑓 −1 . This also
means that the range of the original function 𝑓 is the domain of its inverse
function 𝑓 −1 .
In this lesson we will review how to find an inverse function (as shown
above), and we will also review how to find the domain of a function
(which we covered in Lesson 18). In addition to those two topics which
we’ve already covered in previous lessons, we’ll also show how to find
the range of a function algebraically, either by finding the inverse of the
function first and then using its domain, or by making an input/output
table.
1
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

Remember from Lesson 18 there are two ways the domain of a function
can be restricted. One way is to have a function that is defined by a
fraction, and the other is to have a function that is defined by a square
root.
When a function is defined by a fraction, the denominator of that
fraction cannot be equal to zero
1
- if 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥+2, then the denominator 𝑥 + 2 ≠ 0, so 𝑥 ≠ −2;
therefore the domain of 𝑓 is (−∞, −2) ∪ (−2, ∞)
- this means the range of 𝑓 −1 will also be (−∞, −2) ∪ (−2, ∞),
because the domain of an original function 𝑓 is the range of its
inverse function 𝑓 −1
Since the domain of a function is the range of its inverse, and the range of
a function is the domain of its inverse, one way to find the range of an
original function is to find its inverse function, and the find the domain of
its inverse.
Example 1: List the domain and range of the following function. Then
find the inverse function and list its domain and range.
1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
𝑥+2
As stated above, the denominator of fraction can never equal zero, so in
this case 𝑥 + 2 ≠ 0. That means 𝑥 ≠ −2, so the domain is all real
numbers except −2.

Domain of 𝒇: (−∞, −𝟐) ∪ (−𝟐, ∞)

Also as stated above, the domain of a function and the range of its inverse
are always the same, because when we go from function to its inverse we
switch the inputs and outputs. So, if the domain of 𝑓 is all real numbers
except −2, the range of 𝑓 −1 is the same.

Range of 𝒇−𝟏 : (−∞, −𝟐) ∪ (−𝟐, ∞)

2
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function
1
To find the range of the original function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥+2, I will find its
inverse function first. That is because the range of 𝑓 will be the same as
the domain of 𝑓 −1 , just like the domain of 𝑓 was the same as the range of
𝑓 −1 . To find the inverse function, I will follow the same steps I used in
Lesson 27 (change to an equation, solve for 𝑥, express as an inverse):

1
𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑥+2

1
𝑓=
𝑥+2

𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = 1

𝑥𝑓 + 2𝑓 = 1

𝑥𝑓 = 1 − 2𝑓

1 − 2𝑓
𝑥=
𝑓

𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙
𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) =
𝒙

Now that I have the inverse function, and I can see that the inverse
function is rational just like the original function 𝑓, I can find its domain
by simply stating that the denominator cannot equal zero. In this case
𝑥 ≠ 0, which means the domain of 𝑓 −1 is all real numbers except 0.

Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 : (−∞, 𝟎) ∪ (𝟎, ∞)

And once again, if this is the domain of 𝑓 −1 , this is also the range of 𝑓.

Range of 𝒇: (−∞, 𝟎) ∪ (𝟎, ∞)

3
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

LON-CAPA Problem:
10−𝑥
List the domain and range of the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥+3 , then find the
inverse function 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) and list its domain and range. List the domain
and range in interval notation.

Domain of 𝒇: (−∞, −𝟐) ∪ (−𝟐, ∞)

Range of 𝒇−𝟏 : (−∞, −𝟐) ∪ (−𝟐, ∞)

𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = (−∞, −𝟐) ∪ (−𝟐, ∞)

Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 : (−∞, 𝟎) ∪ (𝟎, ∞)

Range of 𝒇: (−∞, 𝟎) ∪ (𝟎, ∞)

4
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

Example 2: List the domain and range of each of the following functions.
Then find the inverse function and list its domain and range.
2 5
a. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = − 1−𝑥 b. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 7
b.

1−𝑥 ≠0
1≠𝑥
Domain of 𝒇: Domain of 𝒇:
(−∞, 𝟏) ∪ (𝟏, ∞)
Range of 𝒇: Range of 𝒇:
Keep in mind that after
(−∞, 𝟎) ∪ (𝟎, ∞) finding the domain of 𝑓, I
would find the inverse
function next, then I’d 5
2 find the domain of 𝑓 −1 in 𝑓= +7
𝑓 = − 1−𝑥 2𝑥
order to get the range of 𝑓.

−2
𝑓 = 1−𝑥 2𝑥𝑓 = 5 + 14𝑥

(1 − 𝑥 )𝑓 = −2 2𝑥𝑓 − 14𝑥 = 5
𝑓 − 𝑓𝑥 = −2
𝑥(2𝑓 − 14) = 5
𝑓 + 2 = 𝑓𝑥
𝑓+2 5
=𝑥 𝑥=
𝑓 2𝑓 − 14
−𝟏 ( 𝒙+𝟐 −𝟏 ( 𝟓
𝒇 𝒙) = 𝒇 𝒙) =
𝒙 𝟐𝒙−𝟏𝟒
𝑥≠0
Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 : Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 :
(−∞, 𝟎) ∪ (𝟎, ∞)
Range of 𝒇−𝟏 : Range of 𝒇−𝟏 :
(−∞, 𝟏) ∪ (𝟏, ∞)
5
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function
2−𝑥 𝑥+5
c. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥+1 d. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 7−2𝑥
𝑥+1≠0
𝑥 ≠ −1
Domain of 𝒇: Domain of 𝒇:
(−∞, −𝟏) ∪ (−𝟏, ∞)
Range of 𝒇: Range of 𝒇:
(−∞, −𝟏) ∪ (−𝟏, ∞)
2−𝑥 𝑥+5
𝑓 = 𝑥+1 𝑓 = 7−2𝑥
𝑓(𝑥 + 1) = 2 − 𝑥 𝑓 (7 − 2𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑥𝑓 + 𝑓 = 2 − 𝑥 7𝑓 − 2𝑥𝑓 = 𝑥 + 5
𝑥𝑓 + 𝑥 = 2 − 𝑓 7𝑓 − 5 = 𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑓
𝑥(𝑓 + 1) = 2 − 𝑓 7𝑓 − 5 = 𝑥(1 + 2𝑓)
2−𝑓 7𝑓−5
𝑥 = 𝑓+1 =𝑥
1+2𝑓

𝟐−𝒙 𝟕𝒇−𝟓
𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) =
𝒙+𝟏 𝟏+𝟐𝒇
𝑥+1≠0
𝑥 ≠ −1
Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 : Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 :
(−∞, −𝟏) ∪ (−𝟏, ∞)
Range of 𝒇−𝟏 : Range of 𝒇−𝟏 :
(−∞, −𝟏) ∪ (−𝟏, ∞)
2−𝑥
The function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥+1 is a special case where the function and its
inverse are identical.
6
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

Another way that the domain of a function could be restricted is by having

a function that is defined by a radical with an even root, such as a square
root.
When a function is defined by a square root, the radicand of that
square root cannot be negative
- if 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 − 2, then the radicand 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0, so 𝑥 ≥ 2; therefore
the domain of 𝑓 is [2, ∞)
- this means the range of 𝑓 −1 will also be [2, ∞)
As we’ll see on the next example, sometimes finding the inverse function
does nothing to help us determine its domain, or the range of the original
function.
Example 3: List the domain and range of the following function. Then
find the inverse function and list its domain and range.
𝑓(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 − 2 ; this function is defined by a square root,
so the radicand must be non-negative
𝑥−2≥0
𝑥≥2
Domain of 𝒇: [𝟐, ∞) Range of 𝒇:
𝑓 = √𝑥 − 2
𝑓2 = 𝑥 − 2
𝑓2 + 2 = 𝑥
𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 ; in this case the inverse function is quadratic, so
it doesn’t help us in determining the domain of 𝑓 −1 or the range of 𝑓.
Therefore we’ll need to find those using some other method.
Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 : Range of 𝒇−𝟏 : [𝟐, ∞)
(remember that the domain of 𝑓 is the range of 𝑓 −1 )

7
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

Below is the graph of 𝑥 2 + 2:

As we saw in Lesson 27, while this is the graph of a function (a

quadratic function), this is not the graph of a one-to-one function
because it does not pass the horizontal line test. In order to make this
graph one-to-one, we need to restrict its domain. However it’s not
obvious how that should be done, and that is the issue we run into with
this quadratic function, as well as other quadratic functions.

8
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

Since finding the inverse function didn’t help us in determining the range
of the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 − 2, I will try using an input/output table to
determine the range of 𝑓 and the domain of its inverse..
The domain The outputs
of the
Inputs Outputs for the
function 𝑓 function 𝑓
is [2, ∞), 𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 − 2 start at 0
so that is (𝑓(2) = 0)
why I 2 𝑓(2) = √2 − 2 = √0 = 0 and
started at proceeded
𝑥 = 2 and 3 𝑓(3) = √3 − 2 = √1 = 1 to get larger
proceeded and larger
to plug in from there.
larger and
4 𝑓 (4) = √4 − 2 = √2 So that
larger means the
𝑥-values 5 𝑓 (5) = √5 − 2 = √3 range of 𝑓 is
from there. [0, ∞). This
Since 𝑓 is 6 𝑓(6) = √6 − 2 = √4 = 2 makes sense
defined by because a
a square 11 𝑓(11) = √11 − 2 = √9 = 3 square root
root, some should
inputs don’t produce
produce
18 𝑓(18) = √18 − 2 = √16 = 4 only non-
nice negative
outputs. 27 𝑓(27) = √27 − 2 = √25 = 5 outputs.

This input/output table shows that as I plug in 𝑥-values (inputs) from the
domain, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …, I get function values (outputs) that start at
0 and get larger and larger (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … ). So range of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 − 2 is
[0, ∞). That means the domain of 𝑓 −1 is also [0, ∞).

𝒇(𝒙) = √𝒙 − 𝟐 Domain of 𝒇: [𝟐, ∞) Range of 𝒇: [𝟎, ∞)

𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 : [𝟎, ∞) Range of 𝒇−𝟏 : [𝟐, ∞)
As shown in this example, the inverse of a square root function is a
quadratic function. And since the domain of a quadratic function is
usually unrestricted, we had to use another method to find its domain and
the range of the original function.
9
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

Example 4: List the domain and range of each of the following functions.
Then find the inverse function and list its domain and range.
a. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −√3 − 𝑥

Domain of 𝒇:

Inputs Outputs
Range of 𝒇: 𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −√3 − 𝑥

𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) =

Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 :

Range of 𝒇−𝟏 :

10
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

𝑥+2
b. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 1 − √1 + 𝑥 c. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3 − √
5
c.

Domain of 𝒇: Domain of 𝒇:

Range of 𝒇: Range of 𝒇:

𝑥+2
𝑓 = 1 − √1 + 𝑥 𝑓 =3−√ 5

𝑥+2
𝑓 − 1 = −√1 + 𝑥 𝑓 − 3 = −√ 5

2
2 𝑥+2
(𝑓 − 1)2 = (−√1 + 𝑥) (𝑓 − 3)2 = (−√ )
5

𝑥+2
(𝑓 − 1)2 = 1 + 𝑥 (𝑓 − 3)2 =
5

(𝑓 − 1)2 − 1 = 𝑥 5(𝑓 − 3)2 = 𝑥 + 2

(𝑓 − 1)2 − 1 = 𝑥 5(𝑓 − 3)2 − 2 = 𝑥

𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟏 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝟓(𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 − 𝟐

Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 : Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 :

Range of 𝒇−𝟏 : Range of 𝒇−𝟏 :

11
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

Ways to find the range of a function (or the domain of its inverse):
1. find the inverse of the function, and then find the domain of the
inverse (this is what I did on Examples 1 & 2)
a. I will use this method anytime the original function is rational
(defined by a fraction) or quadratic (as we’ll see on Example 5)
2. use an input/output table (this is what I did in Examples 3 & 4)
a. I will ONLY use this method when the original function is
defined by a square root
There are other options as well such as graphing which you’re welcome to use.

Remember that one-to-one functions and their inverses never change

direction, they are either ALWAYS increasing or ALWAYS decreasing.
This is why using an input/output table is a good option, because once you
determine whether the outputs are increasing or decreasing, they will
ALWAYS continue to move in that direction.
Inputs Outputs The input/output table on the left
goes along with Example 4 part c.
𝑥+2 It shows some inputs and outputs
𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 − √ for the function
5
𝑥+2
−𝟐 + 𝟐 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3 − √ . The domain of
−𝟐 5
𝒇(−𝟐) = 𝟑 − √ =𝟑
𝟓 that function is [−2, ∞), so −2 is
the smallest input of the function.
−𝟏 + 𝟐
−𝟏 𝒇(−𝟏) = 𝟑 − √ ≈ 𝟐. 𝟓𝟓 𝑓(−2) produces an output of 3.
𝟓
From there the inputs get larger
𝟎+𝟐 (−1, 0, … ) and the outputs get
𝟎 𝒇(𝟎) = 𝟑 − √ ≈ 𝟐. 𝟑𝟕
𝟓 smaller (2.55, 2.37, 2, 1, 0, … ), so
the range is (−∞, 3]. This
𝟑+𝟐 demonstrates that one-to-one
𝟑 𝒇(𝟑) = 𝟑 − √ =𝟐
𝟓 functions, such as
𝑥+2
𝟏𝟖
𝟏𝟖 + 𝟐 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3 − √ , are either
𝒇(𝟏𝟖) = 𝟑 − √ =𝟏 5
𝟓
always decreasing (like this
𝟒𝟑 + 𝟐 function) or always increasing, but
𝟒𝟑 𝒇(𝟒𝟑) = 𝟑 − √ =𝟎
𝟓 they never change direction.

12
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

Remember that when changing from a function to its inverse, the

inputs and outputs of the original function are switched. This means
the following are true:
- the domain of a function is the range of its inverse
- the range of a function is the domain of its inverse
Also keep in mind that ONLY one-to-one functions have an inverse. So a
function such as 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ±√𝑥 + 2 would not have an inverse (and could
not be an inverse) because it is not one-to-one (𝑓 (7) = 3 and − 3). So to
make it a one-to-one function, we need to restrict it to either
𝑓(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 + 2 or 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −√𝑥 + 2. We will see how to determine
which restriction to go with in the next example.
Example 5: List the domain and range of each of the following functions.
Then find the inverse function and list its domain and range.
a. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5 − 𝑥 2 ; 𝑥 ≥ 0 b. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 3; 𝑥 ≤ 0
b. f
Domain of 𝒇: Domain of 𝒇:

Range of 𝒇: Range of 𝒇:

𝑓 = 5 − 𝑥2 𝑓 = 𝑥2 + 3
𝑥2 = 5 − 𝑓 𝑓 − 3 = 𝑥2
𝑥 = ±√5 − 𝑓 ±√𝑓 − 3 = 𝑥
At this point we need to determine whether to keep the + sign or the – sign
(keeping both means this would not be a one-to-one function). Use the inequalities
provided with original function to determine which sign to keep.

𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = √𝟓 − 𝒙 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) =

Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 : Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 :

Range of 𝒇−𝟏 : Range of 𝒇−𝟏 :

13
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

c. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4; 𝑥 ≤ 2
d.
d. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −(𝑥 + 5)2 − 2; 𝑥 ≥ −5
Since 𝑥 ≤ 2, the domain
of 𝑓 will be (−∞, 2].
Domain of 𝒇: Domain of 𝒇:
(∞, 𝟐]
Range of 𝒇: Range of 𝒇:
[𝟒, ∞) Keep in mind that once again, after finding the domain of 𝑓, I
would find the inverse function next, then I’d find the domain of
𝑓 −1 in order to get the range of 𝑓.

𝑓 = 3(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4
𝑓 − 4 = 3(𝑥 − 2)2
𝑓−4
= (𝑥 − 2)2
3
𝑓−4
±√ =𝑥−2
3

𝑓−4
2±√ =𝑥
3

Since 𝑥 ≤ 2, we keep
the minus sign, not the
plus sign.
𝒙−𝟒
𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝟐 − √ 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) =
𝟑
𝑥−4
≥0
3
𝑥−4≥0
𝑥≥4
Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 : Domain of 𝒇−𝟏 :
[𝟒, ∞)
Range of 𝒇−𝟏 : Range of 𝒇−𝟏 :
(∞, 𝟐]
14
16-week Lesson 28 (8-week Lesson 22) Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

When the original function you’re given is quadratic, like of the functions
from Example 5, the inequalities that are given with the function tell you
two things:

1. The inequality tells you what the domain of the function will be. The
domain of the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5 − 𝑥 2 from Example 5 part a. is
[0, ∞) because we were told that 𝑥 ≥ 0. On Example 5 part c., we
were given the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4, along with the
inequality 𝑥 ≤ 2. The domain of that function is (−∞, 2], because
the inequality tells us that 𝑥 must be less than or equal to 2.

2. The inequality also tells you which sign (+ or – ) to keep in front of

the square root in the inverse function. On Example 5 part a., the
inverse of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 5 − 𝑥 2 is 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = √5 − 𝑥 because we were
told that 𝑥 ≥ 0; the inverse of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4 on Example 5
𝑥−4
part c. is 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = 2 − √ because we were told that 𝑥 ≤ 2.
3

Answers to Exercises:
1. 𝐷: (−∞, −2) ∪ (−2, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞); 𝑓 −1(𝑥) = 1−2𝑥𝑥
, 𝐷: (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, −2) ∪ (−2, ∞)

2a. 𝐷: (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞); 𝑓 −1(𝑥) = 𝑥+2

𝑥
, 𝐷: (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞)
5
2b. 𝐷: (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, 7) ∪ (7, ∞); 𝑓 −1(𝑥) = 2𝑥−14 , 𝐷: (−∞, 7) ∪ (7, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
2−𝑥
2c. 𝐷: (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, ∞); 𝑓 (𝑥) = , 𝐷: (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, ∞)
−1
𝑥+1
7 7 1 1 7𝑥−5 1 1 7 7
2d. 𝐷: (−∞, ) ∪ ( , ∞) , 𝑅: (−∞, − ) ∪ (− , ∞) ; 𝑓 (𝑥) = , 𝐷: (−∞, − ) ∪ (− , ∞) , 𝑅: (−∞, ) ∪ ( , ∞)
2 2 2 2
−1
1+2𝑥 2 2 2 2

3. 𝐷: [2, ∞), 𝑅: [0, ∞); 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2, 𝐷: [0, ∞), 𝑅: [2, ∞)

4a. 𝐷: (−∞, 3], 𝑅: (−∞, 0]; 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = 3 − 𝑥 2 , 𝐷: (−∞, 0], 𝑅: (−∞, 3]
4b. 𝐷: [−1, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, 1]; 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)2 − 1, 𝐷: (−∞, 1], 𝑅: [−1, ∞)
4c. 𝐷: [2, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, 3]; 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 5(𝑥 − 3)2 + 2, 𝐷: (−∞, 3], 𝑅: [2, ∞)
5a. 𝐷: [0, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, 5]; 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = √5 − 𝑥, 𝐷: (−∞, 5], 𝑅: [0, ∞)
5b. 𝐷: (−∞, 0], 𝑅: [3, ∞); 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 − 3, 𝐷: [3, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, 0]
𝑥−4
5c. 𝐷: (−∞, 2], 𝑅: [4, ∞); 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = 2 − √ , 𝐷: [4, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, 2]
3
5d. 𝐷: [−5, ∞), 𝑅: (−∞, −2]; 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = −5 + √−𝑥 − 2, 𝐷: (−∞, −2], 𝑅: [−5, ∞)
15