Activity 3: PrePArAtion

for LAb Quiz 1

Barraca, Yesha Mhei M.

BSES 1B
Inorganic Chemistry Lab
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

GenerAL LAborAtory instructions

usefuL MAniPuLAtive techniQues for

LAborAtory

Accident Prevention in LAborAtory

hAzArds syMboLs And their MeAninGs

LAborAtory APPArAtus

bAsic LAborAtory techniQues

General Laboratory Instruction

1. Follow the Step by Step

If you don’t follow the step-by-step instructions, it could result failed experiment. So
don’t just jump to to the next step, follow it step by step.

2. The teacher should be present in the Lab

In a laboratory’s experiment, the teacher should be present so that if something
goes wrong, you can ask what to do.

3. Be sure that your work area is clean

When doing an experiment inside the laboratory, the area should be clean so that it
will not impact the results of your experiment if it is dirty and contaminated.

4. Always know your precautions

Always take precaution to minimize the risk of exposure to hazards.

5. Wear your PPE and Proper Lab Attire

Lab coat, gloves, eye protection, and appropriate attire should be worn at all times
in the lab.
6. Use closed shoes
Use closed shoes to ensure safety, as there are chances that chemicals may spill on
your skin.

7. Be careful of Fire Hazards

Be careful around Fire Hazards as they may burn you if you are not careful.

8. Don’t Sniff Chemicals

Don't sniff or fume chemicals, as if the beaker does not have labels and you just
sniff it without knowing the content of it, it may be dangerous to you.

9. Don’t directly look at it

Read the labels so that you can instantly know if it is a hazardous chemical.

Useful Manipulative Techniques for Laboratory

 • When there is a fire, there are two conditions for putting it out: sand and a wet
towel.
• Use a spatula to scrape, mix, transfer, or apply chemical substances.
• And if it is a phosphorus and sodium fire, use sand.
• Use running water if chemicals splash into your eyes.
• Use cold water if you get burns and petroleum jelly if you get heat burns.
• Don't smoke, as there is a high risk of fire with chemicals.
• Don't play inside the laboratory. If you play inside the laboratory, you might
annoy others, break glassware, or cause an accident.

Accident Prevention in Laboratory

1. Basic Safety Protocols

Try to avoid working alone in a building and never work alone in a laboratory if the
work you are doing presents an element of danger.

2. Know Where to Go and What to Do in an Emergency

It is no use waiting for an accident to happen before you read through safety
protocols and procedures. Understand what the safety rules and regulations are
and what to do if there is an accident or emergency.

3. Wear Appropriate Safety Gear

When working with hazardous chemicals, take steps to protect yourself from harm.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), for example, protective
clothing such as a lab coat, apron, oversleeves, gloves, and protective eye and face
protection such as face shields, safety glasses and splash goggles.

4. Prevent Exposure to Harmful Chemicals & Vapors

It is good practice to minimize exposure to all chemicals, but it's particularly
important to avoid skin and eye contact with chemicals. If you are uncertain
whether a chemical is toxic or not, err on the side of caution and assume that it's
highly toxic.

Hazards Symbols and their Meanings

1. Environmental Hazards
extreme events or substances in the Earth and its ecological
system that may cause adverse consequences for humans
and things they value.Examples are sodium hydrochloride,
acetone,mercury compounds.

2. Explosives
a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous
release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to
sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.
Examples are sodium and ammonium dichromate.
 3. Oxidizing Substance
Oxidizing materials may be toxic or corrosive. Depending
on the material, route of exposure (inhalation, eye or skin
contact, or swallowing) and dose, they could harm the
body. Corrosive oxidizers can also attack and destroy
metal. Examples are pottasium and sodium peroxide.

4. Higly Flammable Substance

It is an indication of the ease with which a substance will

burn if the vapours are exposed to a temperature at or
above its auto-ignition temperature.

5. Toxic
A toxic hazard may be defined as any substance which has the ability
to cause harm or damage to living organisms.

6. Corrosive Substance
Corrosive chemicals can have a severe effect on eyes, skin,
respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract if an exposure
occurs.
 7. Harmful Substances
Harmful substance means radioactive material that is harmful to
human life, a toxic chemical or its precursor, or a bio- logical agent.
Examples are ammonia.

Laboratory Appratus

Wash Bottle Mortar and Pettle

Erlenmayer. Test Tube Holder

Glass Funnel Wire Gauze

Glass Rod Graduated Cylinder

Test Tube Rack Beaker

Evaporating Dish Alcohol Lamp

Volumetric Flask Tong

Basic Laboratory Techniques

CRYSTALLIZATION
Crystallization is used to purify a solid. The process requires a suitable solvent.
A suitable solvent is one which readily dissolves the solid (solute) when the
solvent is hot but not when it is cold. The best solvents exhibit a large difference
in solubility over a reasonable range of temperatures.
DECOLORIZATION
Decolorization: Most organic compounds are colorless. Highly conjugated
compounds (eg, polar polymers) will absorb light in the visible region of the
spectrum and thus be "colored". If these highly polar, large molecules are
impurities, they can be removed by use of finely granulated activated charcoal
(Norit).

FILTERING
Used to remove insoluble solids suspended in solution. Use a GRAVITY FILTER
FUNNEL when you DON'T want the solid. Use a HIRSCH or BUCHNER funnel with
vacuum when you do want the solid but.... Never use a Hirsch or Buchner funnel
with a hot solution unless suggested by your instructor.

HEATING
There are different methods used for heating material in the laboratory. Flames
are never used in the laboratory except in controlled situations (eg, isolated in
fume hoods). Electric hot plates and heating mantles are most commonly used.
Be careful not to turn this equipment to its highest setting which can burn it
out. It does take several minutes for these instruments to reach the desired
temperature.

MELTING POINT
The standard physical property of a solid is its melting point. The melting point
is actually a melting point range. It is used to help determine the purity of a solid
and to help verify the identity of the compound. A pure compound should melt
over a narrow temperature range.

Extraction
Extraction is a method for moving a compound from one medium to another.
For example, if you make coffee from coffee beans, you are extracting some
flavorful components of the bean and some caffeine into the water.
Labels
Properly label your sample vials when you submit your products for grading.

Drying Agents
When an organic solvent has been exposed to aqueous solutions it will contain
a small amount of water, the amount depending on the solubility of water in
the solvent.