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NOTES-Affinity Laws

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8 views

NOTES-Affinity Laws

Uploaded by

Shini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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15th May 2023

Affinity Laws
LAW 1:
The effect of Pump’s speed on the performance curve
Q = flow; N = Speed; H = Head; BHP = Power
For a constant Impeller Diameter

1.

Flow ∝ Speed

2.

Head ∝ Speed2

3.

Power ∝ Speed 3
Sample:
Speed1 (N1) = 4500 RPM
Flow1 (Q1) = 1457 m3/hr
Head1 (H1) = 2061 m

Speed2 (N2) = 4300 RPM

Flow ∝ Speed

Q2 = (N2/N1) X Q1
Q2 = (4300/4500) X 1457
Q2 = 1392 m3/hr
Head ∝ Speed2

H2 = (N2/N1)2 X H1
H2 = (4300/4500)2 X 2061
H2 = 1881.8 m

New Performance:
Speed2 (N2) = 4300 RPM
Flow2 (Q2) = 1392 m3/hr
Head2 (H2) = 1881.8 m
LAW 2:
The effect of Pump’s impeller diameter on the performance curve
Q = flow; D = Impeller Diameter; N = Speed; H = Head; BHP = Power
For a constant Speed

1.

Flow ∝ Diameter

2.

Head ∝ Diameter 2

3.

Power ∝ Diameter 3
Example:
For constant Speed:
A 1750 rpm centrifugal pump equipped with an 275 mm diameter impeller requires 11KW when delivering 68
m3/hr at a head of 34 m. Predict the new capacity, head, and power required when the impeller diameter is
reduced to 225 mm.

Assuming constant speed:


Ratio of the dia:
D2/D1 = 225/275 = 0.82

1.

Q2 = 68 X 0.82
Q2 =56 m3/hr

2.

H2 = 34 X 0.822
H2 = 23 m

3.
BHP2 = 11 X 0.823
BHP 2 = 6 KW
MAWP

Definition as per API 610 11th edition:


3.21 maximum allowable working pressure/ MAWP:
maximum continuous pressure for which the manufacturer has designed the pump (or any part to which the
term is referred) when pumping the specified liquid at the specified maximum operating temperature (does
not include mechanical seal).

Mathematically:
MAWP or Pump design Pressure = Pump’s maximum discharge Pressure including 10% safety margin.
= Pump’s max differential Pressure*1.1 + Maximum Suction Pressure
(as in D.P = Differential.P + S.P)
= [(Hsh / 10.197) X Sp.gr X 1.1] + Maximum Suction Pressure

This value is the “calculated” MAWP.


Case1 –

MAWP = [(Hsh / 10.197) X Sp.gr X 1.1] + Maximum Suction Pressure


Hsh = 51.8 m
Sp.gr = 0.793
Max S.P (from customer D.S) = 67.6 barG

Calculated MAWP = 72.04 barG


Shut-off Pressure = 72.04 barG

Considering Turbine driven:


The speed cannot be constant as in case of motor when steam turbine driven.
Maximum Continuous Operating Speed (MCOS) = 1.05 X N (rated speed) – this is the safety margin.
Trip Speed (N T) = 1.1 X MCOS – Speed at which the pump has to be tripped for safety.

MAWP ∝ Head (as per above MAWP equation)

Head ∝ Speed (as per above affinity Law)


2
So if MAWP = MAWP at rated speed
MAWPT = MAWP at Trip speed

(MAWPT / MAWP) = (NT / N)2

MAWPT = (NT / N)2 X MAWP


= [(N X1.05X1.1)] 2 X MAWP
N
=1.1552 X MAWP

MAWPT= 33% higher than MAWP Rated speed

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