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AIC, MATHEMATICS LEARNING AREA

YEAR 12 MATHEMATICS APPLICATIONS – UNIT 3
Assessment Type: Response - 7%
TASK 1 - TEST 1 – Term 4, Week 6
CALCULATOR-FREE SECTION
Syllabus Content: 3.1.1 – 3.1.9
Bivariate data analysis: Identifying and describing associations, fitting a linear model to numerical data, association and causation

Student Name: ______________________________ ID: _________

TIME ALLOWED: 15 minutes under test conditions

MATERIAL REQUIRED / RECOMMENDED FOR THIS PAPER:

TO BE PROVIDED BY THE SUPERVISOR
Question/answer booklet.
TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CANDIDATE
Standard Items: pens, pencils, pencil sharpener, highlighter, eraser, ruler.
IMPORTANT NOTE TO CANDIDATES
No other items may be taken into the examination room. It is your responsibility to ensure that you do not
have any unauthorised notes or other items of a non-personal nature in the examination room. If you have
any unauthorised material with you, hand it to the supervisor before reading any further.
Structure of this paper
Number of Number of
Suggested working
Section questions questions to be Marks available
time (minutes)
available attempted

Calculator Free 2 2 13 13

Calculator Assumed 3 3 31 31

Marks available: /44

Task Weighting 7%

Instructions to candidates
• The rules for the conduct of this examination are detailed in the booklet WACE Examinations
Handbook. Sitting this examination implies that you agree to abide by these rules.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
• Spare answer pages can be used. If you need to use them, indicate in the original answer space where
the answer is continued.
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Question 1 (5 marks)

The graph below shows the percentage of people who voted either Yes, No or were
Undecided regarding the redevelopment of the local shopping centre. Voting was over two
days.

1 2
1 1

More information:

• A total of 900 people in the local shopping centre were surveyed over the two days.
• Twice as many people voted on Day 1 compared to Day 2.
• 20% of the people who voted on Day 1, voted Yes.
• On both days the majority of the people voted No.

(a) Use the graph and the information above to complete the table below by showing
the number of people who voted on both days. (4 marks)

Day 1 Day 2 Total

Yes 75
No
Undecided
Total 900

(b) Describe an association, if any, that may exist for the information above. (1 mark)
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Question 2 (8 marks)

The graph below shows the scores students achieved in the Mathematics Applications
examination and the number of hours, per week, that they spent on social media leading up
to the examination.

(a) An outlier has reduced the correlation coefficient to –0.52 for the above data.
Identify the outlier and circle it on the graph above. (1 mark)

(b) When the outlier is removed, the correlation coefficient is recalculated.

Choose the appropriate value from the list below. Circle your answer. (1 mark)

0.8 –0.35 –0.95 –0.8

The least squares regression equation is , after the outlier has been
removed.

(c) Interpret the gradient in the context of the question. (1 mark)

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(d) A student spent 25 hours on social media.

(i) Predict the score they might achieve, using the model. (1 mark)

(ii) Comment on the prediction made in (i). (2 marks)

(e) A student predicted a score based on 40 hours of social media.

Comment on the reliability of this prediction. (1 mark)

(f) The teacher stated that a linear regression model was suitable for this data
because of the residual plot.

Explain what about the residual plot would suggest it would be suitable. (1 mark)
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AIC, MATHEMATICS LEARNING AREA

YEAR 12 MATHEMATICS APPLICATIONS – UNIT 3
Assessment Type: Response - 7%
TASK 1 - TEST 1 – Term 4, Week 6
CALCULATOR-ASSUMED SECTION
Syllabus Content: 3.1.1 – 3.1.9
Bivariate data analysis: Identifying and describing associations, fitting a linear model to numerical data, association and causation

Student Name: _______________________________ ID: _______

TIME ALLOWED: 50 minutes under test conditions

MATERIAL REQUIRED / RECOMMENDED FOR THIS PAPER:
TO BE PROVIDED BY THE SUPERVISOR
Question/answer booklet.
TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CANDIDATE
Standard Items: pens, pencils, pencil sharpener, highlighter, eraser, calculator, ClassPad, ruler.
IMPORTANT NOTE TO CANDIDATES
No other items may be taken into the examination room. It is your responsibility to ensure that you do not
have any unauthorised notes or other items of a non-personal nature in the examination room. If you have
any unauthorised material with you, hand it to the supervisor before reading any further.
Structure of this paper
Number of Number of
Suggested working
Section questions questions to be Marks available
time (minutes)
available attempted

Calculator Free 2 2 13 13

Calculator Assumed 3 3 31 31

Marks available: /44

Task Weighting 7%
Instructions to candidates
• The rules for the conduct of this examination are detailed in the booklet WACE Examinations
Handbook. Sitting this examination implies that you agree to abide by these rules.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
• Spare answer pages can be used. If you need to use them, indicate in the original answer space where
the answer is continued.
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Question 3 (13 marks)

Students in a Year 12 Mathematics Applications class were studying the relationship
between age and resting heart rate. The students each had to find one person and record
their age (years) and resting heart rate (beats per minute). The data is shown in the table
below.

Age Rate Age Rate Age Rate Age Rate

19 56 22 59 25 63 30 60
31 62 31 61 37 65 40 73
46 66 50 71 54 74 57 77
69 72 72 71 75 82 77 83

(a) Determine the least squares regression equation, correct to two decimal places,
for the data shown in the table above. (2 marks)

(b) Explain, using your answer from part (b), why medical researchers
would suggest that as age increases, resting heart rate increases.
Include in your explanation a mathematical figure highlighting this fact. (2 marks)

(c) Determine the percentage of variation in the response variable that cannot be
explained by the variation in the explanatory variable. (1 mark)
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(d) Is it reliable to predict a resting heart rate for a student in Year 10? Explain.(2 marks)

(e) Give a non–causal reason as to why there is a relationship between age

and resting heart rate. (1 mark)

(f) The students in the class concluded that as a person ages their resting
heart rate will increase. Is their conclusion valid? (2 marks)

(g) A student recorded their father’s resting heart rate and found that there was
a residual of –7.2. Explain what this suggests. (1 mark)

(h) Another student recorded their 75 year–old grandmother’s resting heart rate
and found there was a residual 2.03. Calculate their actual resting heart rate.(2 marks)
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Question 4 (8 marks)

The Biology class were growing a plant as part of their science observations. The table
below shows some of the data recorded.

Time (t) (days) 5 8 12 C

Height (H) (cm) 9 14 18 21
Predicted Height 10 B 18.4 29.2
Residual A 0.4 −0.4 −8.2

When all of the data was entered on a calculator the least squares regression equation was

(a) Determine the values for A, B and C. (4 marks)

(b) Explain why predicting a height for a time period of four weeks will not be a reliable
prediction. (1 mark)
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(c) Use the least squares regression equation to:

(i) predict the height of the plant after one week and three days. (1 mark)

(ii) determine the average growth each day. (1 mark)

(d) Based on the results, the class concluded that the longer the time the plant was
growing the greater its height would be. Suggest a non-causal reason for plant height
based on time.
(1 mark)
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Question 5 (10 marks)

National chess organisations rate all players who are registered to compete in tournaments.
When a higher rated player competes against a lower rated player, the higher rated player
is expected to win. The table below shows the average rating of registered Australian
players of different ages.

Age, 𝑥 years 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Average rating, 𝑦 1267 1233 1332 1284 1380 1448 1363 1443 1419

The data has a correlation coefficient of 0.851 and the equation of the least-squares line is
𝑦 = 24.4𝑥 + 1035.

(a) Explain the significance of the correlation coefficient in the context of the question.
(2 marks)

(b) Predict the average rating of 20-year old registered Australian players and briefly
discuss the validity of your prediction. (2 marks)

(c) It is unlikely that simply getting older causes players ratings to increase. Suggest
another variable that is more likely to cause the rating increase. (1 mark)
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(d) Complete the residual plot for the data on the axes below. (3 marks)

(e) Use the residual plot to comment on the appropriateness of fitting a linear model to
the data, giving a reason for your answer. (2 marks)

End of test:
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Extra Question 5 (for practice) (7 marks)

An industrial chemist varied the amount of accelerant (𝒂 grams) used when making an
epoxy resin and recorded the time taken (𝒕 seconds) for the resin to set. The results are
shown below.

𝒂 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.5 13.0 14.0
𝒕 24.1 19.2 19.3 21.8 15.7 19.2 14.8 17.7 15.0 12.3

The chemist suspected that a linear association might exist between the variables and
calculated the correlation coefficient 𝑟𝑎𝑡 = −0.81.

(a) After seeing this value of the correlation coefficient, the chemist said to their assistant
"it looks like there is a strong and negative linear association between the variables".
Explain why the chemist may have said this to the assistant. (2 marks)
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The chemist also noted that the least-squares line for the data was 𝒕̂ = 25.78 − 0.896𝒂 and
used it to calculate nine residuals for the linear model as shown below, rounded to one
decimal place.

𝒂 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.5 13.0 14.0
Residual 2.3 −1.7 −1.7 2.3 −2.9 1.5 −2.0 2.2 0.9 −0.9

(b) Construct a residual plot for the data on the axes below. Choose an appropriate
scale for the vertical axis. (3 marks)

(c) Does the residual plot support the chemist's suspicions that a linear model fits the
data? Explain your answer. (2 marks)