Name

School
Section
MATH Algebra 1 Reviewer
A. NUMBER SYSTEM The number 0.333…is a repeating and non- D. GREATEST COMMON FACTOR (GCF)
A number is an item that describes a magnitude terminating decimal. As a rule, a non- A factor is a number that divides into a larger
or a position. Numbers are classified into two terminating but repeating (or periodic) decimal number evenly. The greatest common factor
types, namely cardinal numbers and ordinal is always a rational number. Also, all integers (GCF) is the largest number that divides into two
numbers. are rational numbers. or more numbers evenly. Greatest common factor
is the same as greatest common divisor (GCD).
Cardinal numbers are numbers which allow us to 4. Irrational numbers – are numbers which cannot
count the objects or ideas in a given collection. be expressed as a quotient of two Past ECE Board Exam:
Example, 1,2,3...,1000, 100000 while ordinal integers. What is the GCF of 70 and 112?
numbers state the position of the individual
objects in a sequence. Example, First, second, E. EXPONENTS
Examples: 2 , π, e, ...
third... Exponent is a number that gives the power to
The numbers in the examples above can which a base is raised. For example, in 32, the
A system of numbers is a diagram or chart which base is 3 and the exponent is 2.
shows the two sub-classifications of the two basic never be expressed exactly as a quotient of
classifications of numbers, namely real numbers two integers. They are in fact, a non-
terminating number with non-terminating Exponent should not be misunderstood as
and imaginary numbers. “power” Power is a word that is almost never used
decimal.
in its correct, original sense any more. Strictly
System of Past ECE Board Exam: speaking, if we write 32 = 9, then 3 is the base,
Numbers The number 7 + 0i is a/an _______ number. 2 is the exponent and 9 is the power. But almost
A. irrational C. real * everyone, including most mathematicians, would
B. imaginary D. complex say that 3 is the power and that “power” and
“exponent” mean the same thing. The misuse has
Real Imaginary Past ECE Board Exam: probably come from a misunderstanding of
Numbers Number The number 0.123123123… is a _____ number. statements such “nine is the second power of
A. irrational C. rational * three”.
B. imaginary D. complex
The exponential notation states that if a is a real
Irrational Rational A complex number is an expression of both real number, variable or algebraic expression and n is
numbers numbers and imaginary number combined. It takes the form a positive number, then:
of a + bi, where “a” and “b” are real numbers. an = a ⋅ a ⋅ a ⋅ a ⋅

Integers
If a = 0, then pure imaginary number is produced n factors
while real number is obtained when b = 0.
Property Example
Natural Negative An imaginary number is denoted as “i” which is
Zero equal to the square root of negative one. In some 1. am + an = am +n x 2 + x3 = x 2 + 3 = x5
numbers numbers
other areas in mathematical computation,
especially in electronics and electrical engineering am x8
2. = am −n = x8 −3 = x5
The number system is divided into two categories it is denoted as “j”. Imaginary number and its an x3
namely, real numbers and imaginary number. equivalent:
n 2

Real numbers are classified as follows:

i = −1 i3 = -i = - −1 3. (a )
m
= amn (y ) 6
= y12
i2 = -1 i4 = 1
1. Natural numbers – numbers which are 4. ( ab )m = ambm ( 2x )4 = 24 x 4 = 16x 4
Past ECE Board Exam:
considered as the “counting 5 m 4
numbers”. Find the value of (1 + i ) . a am 2 24 16
5.   = m   = 4 = 4
b b x x x
Examples: 1,2, 3…
B. SIGNIFICANT DIGITS m 5
2. Integers – are all the natural number, the Significant figures or digits are digits that define 6. a n = am
n
( 4x ) 3 = 3
( 4x )5
negative of the natural numbers the numerical value of a number. A digit is
and the number zero. considered significant unless it is used to place a 1 1
decimal point. 7. a−m = m
x −5 =
a x5
Examples: - 4, -1, 0, 3, 8
The significant digit of a number begins with the 0

3. Rational numbers – are numbers which can be first non-zero digit and ends with the final digit, 8. a0 = 1 ( a ≠ 0 ) (x 2
+2 ) =1
expressed as a quotient (ratio) of whether zero or non-zero.
Past ECE Board Exam:
two integers. The term “rational”
comes from the word “ratio”. Past ECE Board Exam: 17
Solve for x. x 2 / 3 + x −2 / 3 = .
2 The number 0.004212 has how many significant 4
Examples: 0.5, , -3, 0.333... digits? Past ECE Board Exam:
3
In the above example, 0.5 can be expressed Solve for x. 4 x + 2x − 30 = 0
C. LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)
1 −6
as and –3 can be expressed as , A common multiple is a number that two other Past ECE Board Exam:
2 2 numbers will divide into evenly. The least common
hence the two examples are rational numbers. −5 / 2
multiple (LCM) is the lowest multiple of two 5(4x −1)  1 
Solve for x. 62 =5 
numbers.  36 
The number 0.333... can also be expressed as
1 Past ECE Board Exam:
and therefore a rational number. F. LOGARITHMS
3 What is the least common multiple of 15 and 18?
The logarithm of a number or variable x to base b,
logb x , is the exponent of b needed to give x.
 Past ECE Board Exam:
( x + y )0 = 1
What is the value of k if ( x + 4 ) is a factor of x3 + 1
( x + y) = x + y
Log 2 16 = 4 may be written as 24 = 16 2x2 – 7x + k ? 2
( x + y ) = x 2 + 2xy + y 2
( x + y )3 = x3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3
I. QUADRATIC EQUATION
The term “logarithm” comes from Greek words, Quadratic is an expression or an equation that 
“logus” meaning “ratio” and “arithmus” meaning contains the variable squared, but not raised to As observed in the binomial expansions above,
“number”. John Napier (1550 – 1617) invented any higher power. Quadratic equation in x some properties were established and are
logarithm in 1614 using e = 2.718… for its base. contains x2 but not x3. A quadratic equation in x is enumerated as follows:
In 1616, through the suggestion of John Napier, also known as a second-degree polynomial
Henry Briggs improved the logarithm using 10 as equation. Properties of Binomial Expansion of (x + y)n:
the base. The logarithm with base 10 is known as
common logarithm or the Briggsian logarithm. The general quadratic equation is expressed as: 1. The number of terms in the resulting
expansion is equal to n + 1.
2. The exponent of x decreases by 1 in
The natural logarithm can be converted into a Ax 2 + Bx + C = 0
common logarithm and vice versa. To obtain this, succeeding terms, while that exponent of y
a factor known as the modulus of logarithm is increases by 1 in succeeding terms.
where, A, B and C are real numbers and with A 3. The sum of the exponents of each term is
necessary, such as: ± 0. When B = 0, quadratic equation is known as equal to n.
a pure quadratic equation. 4. The first term is xn and the last term is yn and
log x = 0.4343ln x ln x = 2.3026log x
each of the terms has a coefficient of 1
The quadratic formula: 5. The coefficient increases and then decreases
The coefficients 0.4343 and 2.3026 are the in a symmetric pattern.
referred to as the modulus of logarithm.
−B ± B 2 − 4AC
x= The Pascal’s Triangle:
Properties of Logarithms: 2A
Each number in the triangle is equal to the sum of
the two numbers immediately above it.
1. log ( xy ) = log x + log y The quantity B 2 − 4AC in the above equation is
known as the discriminant. The discriminant Binomial Pascal’s Tiangle
x determines the nature of the roots of the quadratic (x + y)0 1
2. log   = logx − log y
y
equation. (x + y)1 1 1
(x + y)2 1 2 1
B 2 − 4AC Nature of roots (x + y)3 1 3 3 1
3. log xn = nlog x
0 Only one root (x + y)4 1 4 6 4 1
log x (Real and equal) (x + y)5 1 5 10 10 5 1
4. logb x = (x + y)6 1 6 15 20 15 6 1
logb >0 Real and unequal
<0 Imaginary and unequal
logb x Another way to determine the coefficient of any
5. loga x = Sum of the roots: Product of the roots: term in the binomial expansion is to use the
logb a following formula:
6. loga a = 1 B C
r1 + r2 = − r1 ⋅ r2 = ( Coeff. of PT )(Exponent of x of PT )
A A C=
Exponent of y of PT + 1
Past ECE Board Exam: Past ECE Board Exam:
Solve for x. log3 81 = x . Two reviewees attempt to solve a problem that where: C = coefficient of any term
reduces to a quadratic equation. One of the PT = preceding term
Past ECE Board Exam: reviewees made a mistake in the constant term
Solve for x. logx 27 + logx 3 = 2 . and gave an answer of 8 and 2 for the roots. The The rth term of the binomial expansion of
other reviewee made a mistake in the coefficient n
of the first degree term and gave an answer of –9 (x + y) may be calculated using the following
Past ECE Board Exam: formulas:
and –1 for the roots. If you are to check their
( )
Solve for x. log x 2 + 3x + log5x = 1 + log2x . solutions, what would be the correct quadratic
equation? n ( n − 1)( n − 2 )
( n − r + 2 ) (n −r +1) r −1
r th = x y
Past ECE Board Exam:
Past ECE Board Exam:
(r − 1)!
If log 2 = x and log 3 = y, then what is the value of
Find the value of k so that the equation 2x2 + 3kx
log 1.2?
r th = n Cr −1x (
n −r +1) r −1
+ 9 = 0 will have only one root. y

G. REMAINDER THEOREM A term involving a variable with a specific

Remainder Theorem states that if a polynomial in exponent is obtained by using the following
J. BINOMIAL THEOREM
an unknown quantity x is divided by a first degree formula:
Binomial is an expression containing two terms
expression in the same variable, (x – k), where k
joined by either + or -.
may be any real number or complex number, the n ( n − 1)( n − 2 )
( n − r + 1)
remainder to be expected will be equal to the sum yr = x n −r y r
Binomial theorem gives the result of raising a r!
obtained when the numerical value of k is
binomial expression to a certain power. The
substituted for x in the polynomial. Thus,
expansion and the series it leads to are called the Sum of the coefficients of the expansion of
binomial expansion and the binomial series, n
remainder = f(x)
x →k respectively.The binomial theorem is expressed (x + y) :
as follows: Sum = ( Coeff. of x + coeff. of y )
n

n
Past ECE Board Exam: n n (n − 1) Sum of exponents of the expansion of ( x + y ) :
What is the remainder if the polynomial x3 + 4x2 – (x + y) = xn + nxn−1y + x n− 2 y 2 +

2! Sum = n ( n + 1)
3x + 8 is divided by ( x – 5 )?

+nxyn-1 + yn

H. FACTOR THEOREM The binomial coefficient forms the rows of the Past ECE Board Exam:
Factor theorem states that if a polynomial is Pascal’s triangle. The following are just a few Find the 6th term of the expansion of (3x – 4y)8.
divided by (x – k) will result to a remainder of zero, examples of a binomial expansion:
then the value (x – k) is a factor of the polynomial.
Past ECE Board Exam: 2ab b 23. Solve for x: x + 1 + 2x + 3 − 8x + 1 = 0
What is the numerical coefficient of the expansion B. D.
a+b a A. 3 C. – 1/17
of (x + 4y)12 ? B. 3 and – 1/17 D. – 3 and – 1/17
Problem: 2x 3
13. If = , the solutions are: 24. Find the least common multiple of 26, 39 and
Find the term involving x3 in the expansion of x2 + x − 2 x+2
66.
(x − 3x −1 )9 . A. 824 C. 864
A. x = - 3, x = 2 C. x = - 3 only B. 842 D. 858
B. x = 3, x = - 2 D. x = 3 only
TAKE HOME EXAM
(Submit your answer sheet on the next meeting) 25. Find the least common multiple of 12, 18, 21,
4 3 1 6 25 and 35.
14. Given + = − . Find x.
1. The significant digits of a given number ends x − 1 x + 1 2x x 2 − 1 A. 6300 C. 6400
with: A. –1/12 C. –1/13 B. 6200 D. 6500
A. the final digit whether zero or not zero B. 1/12 D. 1/13
B. the last non-zero digit 26. Find the greatest common divisor of 15 and
C. the last zero digit 28.
15. Factor x 4 + 5x 2 − 36 .
D. the last decimal digit A. 1 C. 0
A. ( x − 4 )( x + 9 ) B. 2 D. none of choices
2. The first non-zero digit from the left of the
number is called ______.
B. ( x2 + 9) ( x − 2)( x + 2) 27. Find the greatest common divisor of 12 and
A. whole number C. leading digit C. ( x + 4 )( x − 9 ) 16.
B. tens digit D. units digit A. 2 C. 6
D. ( x − 2)( x + 2)( x − 3 )( x + 3 ) B. 4 D. 8
3. The number 10.097 has how many significant
digits? 16. Completely factor x3 + 3x 2 − 4x − 12 . 28. The logarithm of a negative number is ____
A. 1 C. 3 number.
B. 2 D. 5 A. ( x + 3 )( x − 3 ) A. imaginary C. irrational
B. ( x − 2)( x + 2)( x + 3 ) B. rational D. complex
4. The number 20,540.00 has how many
significant digits? C. ( x2 − 4 ) ( x + 3 ) a3
A. 3 C. 5 29. Express the logarithm of in terms of log
D. Cannot be factored 5 2
c b
B. 4 D. 7
a, log b and log c.
5. The number 7.93 x 10-2 has how many 17. Completely factor 81 − x 4 .
A. 3/2 log a – 5 log c – 2 log b
significant digits? A. ( 3 − x )2 ( 3 + x )2 B. 3/2 log a – 2/5 log c – 5/2 log b
A. 3 C. 7
C. 3 log a – 5 log c – 2 log b
B. 5 D. 4 B. (9 + x )(9 − x )
2 2
D. 3 log a – 5/2 log c – log b
6. Which number ahs four significant figures? C. (9 + x ) ( 3 − x )(3 + x )
2

30. If log10 3 = 0.4771and log10 4 = 0.6021 , find

A. 0.0014 C. 0.141 D. Cannot be factored
B. 0.01414 D. 1.4140 log10 12 .
18. Combine into a single fraction: A. 1.0588 C. 1.0643
7. In algebra, the operation of root extraction is
3x + y 2y 1 B. 1.0792 D. 1.0823
called ______. − −
A. indexing C. evolution x 2 − y 2 x(x − y) x + y
B. revolution D. involution 1
2 3 31. If log4 7 = n , find log4 .
A. C. 7
8. In algebra, the operation of raising to the x x A. 1/n C. – n
integral power is called ______. 1 4 B. n2 D. n
B. D.
A. indexing C. evolution x x
B. revolution D. involution
x −1 x − 2
(
32. Solve the equation log3 x 2 − 8x = 2 . )
x + 1 2x − A. –1 C. 9 and – 1
9. Find the value of x in + = 47 − 2x . 19. Simplify − 2 x − 1 .
x
B. 9 D. 9 and 1
3 4 1 1
−
A. 16.47 C. 12.87 x −1 x − 2
B. 18.27 D. 20.17 33. Express y in terms of x if logb y = 2x + logb x .
A. 1 – 2x C. 2 – 3x x
A. y = xb2x C. y = xb2
10. Simplify the following equation B. 3 – 2x D. 3 – x
5x x+3 2x + 1 2
− + B. y = 2xb x D. y = xb x
2x 2 + 7x + 3 2x 2 − 3x − 2 x 2 + x − 6 5x 3 y −1
20. Evaluate .
15x 2 y −4 34. Find x from the equation ax c −2x = b3x +1 .
4 2 3 3
A. C. xy xy logb
x+3 x −3 A. C. A. x =
2 2 3 loga − 2logc − 3logb
4
B. D. xy 2 x 2 y3 logb
x −3 x+3 B. D. B. x=
3 3 loga − logc − 3logb
(xy)n (a − b)−1(a − b)2n - 1 3logb
11. Simplify: C. x=
 xy (a-b) 2 n - 1 21. Evaluate 3
16x11y 2 . loga − 2logc − logb
 
A. 4x 2 3 2x 2 y 2 C. 2x 2 3 2x 2 y 2 logb
ab D. x=
A. a−b C. loga − 2logc − logb
xy B. 2x 3 3 2x 2 y 2 D. 2x 3 3 2xy 2
B. xy D. ab (x-y) 35. Solve for x: 2 log (3 – x) = log 2 + log (22 –
2x + 1 x + 8 2x).
12. Reduce to lowest form: 22. If = , then A. – 5 only C. – 5 and 7
x−5 −7x
a2 − b 2 a2 a − 2b B. 7 D. 5 and – 7
⋅ 2 ⋅ −2 ± 619 −7 ± 2449
ab a − ab − 2b2 a − b A. x= C. x = 4
15 30 36. Solve for the value of x:
a 4 6
A. C. 2ab B. x = −2 D. x = −2, log2x3 + log = 6.278
b 3 x
 A. 379.65 C. 397.56 52. Given f(x) = (x + 3)(x – 4) + 4. When f(x) is 67. What is the solution set for x in the following
B. 36589 D. 356.79 divided by (x – k), the remainder is k. Find k. equation: x4 – 10x2 + 9 = 0?
A. 2 C. – 4 A. (1, - 1) C. (3, - 3)
37. If log of 2 to the base 2 plus log of x to the B. – 2 D. 4 B. (3, - 3, 1, - 1) D. (2, - 2, 1, - 1)
base 2 is equal to 2, then x is equal to ___.
A. – 1 C. – 2 53. Find the quotient of 3x5 – 4x3 + 2x2 + 36x + 68. Find the equation whose roots are 2, - 3 and
B. 1 D. 2 48 divided by x3 – 2x2 + 6. 7/5.
A. 3x2 – 4x – 8 C. 3x2 – 6x - 8 A. 5x3 – 2x2 – 37x + 42 = 0
38. Solve for x: x3log x = 100x B. 3x2 + 4x + 8 D. 3x2 + 6x + 8 B. 5x3 + 2x2 – 37x + 42 = 0
A. 12 C. 5 C. 5x3 – 2x2 – 37x – 42 = 0
B. 10 D. 30 54. What is the equation of whose roots are the D. 5x3 – 2x2 + 37x + 42 = 0
reciprocal of the roots of 2x2 – 3x – 5 = 0?
A. 5x2 + 3x – 2 = 0 C. 2x2 + 3x – 5 = 0 69. Find the value of x of the following system of
39. Find the value of log4 ( log3 5 ) . B. 3x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 D. 2x2 + 5x – 3 = 0 equations:
A. 1.460 C. 1.273 x + 3y + 4z = 15
B. 0.275 D. 0.165 55. Determine the quadratic equation whose −2x + 4y + 5z = 12
roots are 1/2 and – 2/3.
40. What is the logarithm of e ? xy
A. 5x2 + x – 2 = 0 C. 6x2 + 3x – 5 = 0 3x + y + 6z = 29
2
2.718 1 B. 3x – 6x + 2 = 0 D. 6x2 + x – 2 = 0 A. 1 C. 3
A. C. B. 2 D. 4
xy xy
56. Find the equation whose roots are the
B. xy * D. 2.718xy negatives of the roots of x2 + 7x – 2 = 0.. 70. Solve for x:
A. x2 + x – 2 = 0 C. x2 + 7x – 5 = 0 x + 2y − z = 10
41. Solve for x: log3 4x + log3 x = log3 144 . 2
B. x – 7x – 2 = 0 D. x2 + 7x – 2 = 0 2x − y + 2z = −3
A. 3 C. 6 and – 6
3x + 2y + 3z = 6
B. 6 D. 6 57. Find the value of k if one root is twice the
other. x2 – kx + 18 = 0 A. 2 C. 3
42. Solve for x: log5 4x + log5 x = log5 100 . A. ± 9 C. ± 3 B. –2 D. – 3
A. 3 C. 5 B. ± 5 D. ± 7
71. Find the fourth term of the expansion of
B. 4 D. 6
58. What is the discriminant of the equation 4x = 2
( a − 2x )7 .
43. The mantissa of a logarithm is a: 8x – 5?
A. 120a4 x3 C. −120a4 x3
A. positive value only A. 8 C. – 8
4 3
B. negative value only B. – 16 D. 16 B. −280a x D. 280a4 x3
C. positive value, negative value or zero
D. positive value or zero 59. Determine k so that the equation 4x2 + kx + 1 72. Find the 5th term of the expansion of
= 0 will have just one real solution.
( 3y − 4w )8 .
44. Find the sum of the roots of 5x2 – 10x + 2 = A. 3 C. 4
0. B. 5 D. 6 A. 1,501,520y 4 w 4 C. 1,401,520y 4 w 4
A. –1/2 C. –2 4 4
60. Given the equation x3 – 2x2 – 3k = 0. Find k B. 1,051,520y w D. 1,451,520y 4 w 4
B. 2 D. 1/2
so that 3 is one of the roots to this equation.
45. Solve the equation a2x + 4c2x – 10c = 5a – A. 2 C. 3 73. Find the term involving y5 in the expansion of
B. 4 D. 5 10
4acx for x.
5 5
( 2x 2
+y )
A. C. 61. Find the values of the constant k in the
a − 2c 2a + 2c A. 8064x10 y 5 C. 8564x10 y 5
equation 2x2 – kx + 3k = 0 if the difference of
5 5 the roots is 5/2. B. 8464x10 y 5 D. 8264x10 y 5
B. D.
2a + c a + 2c A. – 1 only C. – 1 and 25
B. 25 only D. 1 and – 25 74. Find the constant term in the expansion of
1/ 2 1/ 2 9
46. Solve ( 5x − 4 ) = ( 2x + 1) + 1.  2 1
62. Find the value of k if, in the equation 2x2 – kx  2x +  .
A. 4 only C. 8/9 only + 4x + 5k = 0, one root is the reciprocal of the  x
B. 4 or 8/9 D. 4 and 8/9 other. A. 664 C. 672
2 3
A. 2 C. 3 B. 682 D. 648
47. Find the remainder when 6x – 30 + 9x is B. 1/2 D. 1/3
divided by 3x – 4. 75. Find the 6th term of the expansion of
A. 4 C. 3 2
63. What is the nature of the roots of 4x – 12x + 16
B. 5 D. 6  1 
9 = 0?  − 3 .
A. Rational and equal  2a 
48. Find the remainder when 3x4 + 5x3 – 5x2 + B. Rational and unequal 66939 33939
10x – 1 is divided by x – 1/3. C. Irrational and unequal A. − C. −
A. 4 C. 3 256a11 256a11
D. Imaginary
B. 5 D. 2 66339 66339
B. − D. −
2 64. Solve the equation 2x 2 / 5 + 5x1/ 5 − 3 = 0 . 128a11 256a11
49. Solve x + 2x + 5 = 0.
A. −1 ± 2i C. −2 ± 2i A. x = 1/ 32 and x = −243
“PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT”
B. 1 ± 2i D. 2 ± 2i B. x = 1/ 32 and x = 243
C. x = −1/ 32 and x = −243
50. What is the remainder when x6 + 7x5 + 10x4 – D. x = −1/ 32 and x = 243
Excel Review Center – MANILA
x2 – 5x is divided by x + 5? Landline : 7365291
A. 0 C. 2 65. If the equation x2 + 2(k + 2)x + 9x = 0 has Globe : 09176239235
B. 1 D. 3 equal roots, find k. Smart : 09212891909
A. 1 C. 1 or 4 Sun : 09228339235
51. The expression x4 + ax3 + 5x2 + bx + 6 when B. 3 D. 1 or 3
divided by x – 2 leaves a remainder of 16 and
when divided by x + 1 leaves a remainder of Excel Review Center – CEBU
10. Find a. 66. Given the equations 5x + y = 100 and
2x − y Landline : 2538759
A. 7 C. – 5 2 = 10 . Find x.
B. – 7 D. 5 A. 0.8 C. 1.24
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