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Biodiversity and Its Conservation

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Shweta Chourasiya
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32 views

Biodiversity and Its Conservation

Uploaded by

Shweta Chourasiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIODIVERSITY AND ITS

CONSERVATION

- SHWETA
- SECTION - E
- FOUNDATION YEAR
INTRODUCTION

"Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, encompassing


genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It plays a crucial role in
maintaining ecological balance and supporting life."
Genetic Diversity:
Fundamentally, genetic diversity relates to the range of genes present within a species.

Its significance lies in facilitating adaptation, as a diverse gene pool enhances a species' ability to respond to
changes in the environment, combat diseases, and address various challenges.

Species Diversity:
Species diversity pertains to the variety of different species within a specific ecosystem or on Earth as a
whole.

High species diversity significantly contributes to the stability, resilience, and overall health of ecosystems.
Ecosystem Diversity:

Ecosystem diversity concentrates on the range of ecosystems in


a given geographical area.

Diverse ecosystems provide essential services, such as clean


water, air, and habitats for numerous species, contributing to the
well-being of both nature and humans.
Biogeographical Classification of India:
Overview:

India is biogeographically divided into different regions based on factors like climate,
topography, and vegetation.

Himalayan Region:

Abounding in alpine flora and fauna, this region serves as the habitat for iconic species like the
snow leopard and Himalayan blue poppy.

Western Ghats:

Well-known for high levels of endemism, hosting unique species found nowhere else on Earth.
Indo-Gangetic Plains:

Supports extensive agricultural activities and diverse ecosystems.

Coastal Regions:

Mangroves and coastal ecosystems provide crucial habitats for marine life.

Value of Biodiversity: Categories of Use and Inherent Importance


Consumptive Use:

Involves directly utilizing biodiversity, including food, medicine, and fuel.

Productive Use:

Relates to the economic benefits derived from biodiversity, encompassing agriculture, forestry, and
fisheries.

Social Use:

Refers to the cultural and recreational value of biodiversity to human societies.

Ethical Use:

Involves the moral and ethical considerations associated with respecting and preserving biodiversity.

Aesthetic and Option Values:

Aesthetic values are connected to the beauty and enjoyment people derive from nature.

Option values involve preserving biodiversity for potential future use and scientific discovery.
Biodiversity at Global, National, and Local Levels:

Global Biodiversity:

Encompasses the overall variety of life on Earth, including ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity.

National Biodiversity:

Denotes the unique biodiversity characteristics of a specific country, exemplified by India.

Local Biodiversity:

Refers to the diversity of life within a specific geographic area, such as a forest, wetland, or urban park.
India as a Mega Diversity Nation:
India is recognized as a mega-diversity nation due to its exceptionally high levels of biodiversity.

Reasons:

Diverse topography, climatic conditions, and ecological zones contribute to this remarkable richness.

Hotspots of Biodiversity:

Definition:

Biodiversity hotspots are regions characterized by high levels of biodiversity currently under threat.

Examples in India:

Western Ghats, Eastern Himalayas, and the Western Himalayas are acknowledged as biodiversity hotspots.
Threats to Biodiversity: Challenges Confronting Ecosystems

Habitat Loss:

Arises from urbanization, deforestation, and changes in land use.

Poaching:

Involves the illegal hunting and trade of wildlife for various purposes.

Man-Wildlife Conflicts:

Increasing incidents due to habitat encroachment and changing landscapes.


Endangered and Endemic Species of India:
Endangered Species:
Examples include the Bengal Tiger, Indian Rhino, and Asiatic Lion, all
facing the risk of extinction.
Endemic Species:
Species found exclusively in specific regions, such as the Nilgiri tahr
in the Western Ghats.
Conservation of Biodiversity: Preservation Strategies
In-Situ Conservation:

Involves protecting species and ecosystems in their natural habitats


through measures like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

Ex-Situ Conservation:

Refers to the preservation of biodiversity outside its natural habitat, as


observed in zoos, botanical gardens, and seed banks.

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