SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 4

Geography (029)
Class XII (2024-25)

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them:
1. This question paper contains 30 questions. All questions are compulsory.
2. Question paper is divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.
3. Section A Questions no. 1 to 17 are Multiple Choice type questions. Each question
carries 1 mark.
4. Section B Questions no. 18 and 19 are Source-based questions. Each question
carries 3 marks.
5. Section C Questions no. 20 to 23 are Short Answer type questions. Each question
carries 3 marks. Answer to these questions shall be written in 80 to 100 words.
6. Section D Questions no. 24 to 28 are Long Answer type questions. Each question
carries 5 marks. Answer to these questions shall be written in 120 to 150 words.
7. Section E Questions no. 29 and 30 are Map-based questions. Each question carries
5 marks.
8. There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice
has been provided in a few questions in all sections other than Section A.
Section A
1. Assertion (A): People are central to all development. [1]
Reason (R): Development is about giving people more freedom to live.

a) Both A and R are true and R is b) Both A and R are true but R is
the correct explanation of A. not the correct explanation of
A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

2. Match the following correctly. [1]

List I (Areas of Nomadic Herding) List II (Animals)
(a) Sahara Desert (i) Llamas
(b) Andes mountain (ii) Reindeer
 (c) Arctic (iii) Camel
(d) Tropical Africa (iv) Cattle

a) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (i), (d) - b) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) -
(iv) (iii)

c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (ii), (c) - (i), (d) - d) (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d)
(iii) - (iv)

3. Aryabhatt was launched on: [1]

a) 19 April 1978 b) 19 April 1975

c) 19 April 1977 d) 19 April 1976

4. Consider the following statements and choose the correct option for the same: [1]
i. Ancient Towns were developed by king and Sultans of India.
ii. Medieval Towns were developed by the ancient kings.

a) Only ii is correct b) Both statements are correct and

statement ii correctly explains
the statement i

c) Both the statements are d) Only i is correct

incorrect

5. Which of the following countries was at the highest rank in Human Development [1]
Index in 2020?

a) Denmark b) Netherlands

c) Norway d) Switzerland

6. Balaghat-Chhindwara-Mimar-Mandla-Jhabua belt is famous for the mining of [1]

a) mica b) iron ore

c) copper d) manganese

7. Which of the following nuclear mineral resources is found abundantly in India? [1]

a) Uranium b) Thorium
 c) Zircon sands d) Monazite

8. Which town along the banks of Yamuna is polluted? [1]

a) Ambala b) Allahabad

c) Mathura d) Lucknow

9. Big Inch is a: [1]

a) Terminal Station b) Railway line

c) Pipeline d) Port

10. Consider the following statements and choose the correct option for the same: [1]
i. The indicator chosen to assess health is the life expectancy at birth.
ii. Life expectancy means that people have a greater chance of living longer and
healthier lives.

a) Both the statements are b) Both statements are correct and

incorrect statement ii correctly explains
the statement i

c) Only i is correct d) Only ii is correct

11. Arrange the following according to their rank in HDR 2018 (Highest to lowest) [1]

a) Germany, Norway, Australia, b) Norway, Australia, Germany,

Iceland Iceland

c) Iceland, Norway, Germany, d) Australia, Norway, Iceland,

Australia Germany

12. The concept which has human beings as centre is called [1]

a) Population b) Demographic

c) Anthropo-centric d) Humanism

13. The efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources [1]
is called:

a) Recycle and Reuse of Water b) Water table management

 c) Rainwater harvesting d) Watershed management

14. Which of these is the largest urban agglomeration in India? [1]

a) Greater Mumbai b) Ambala

c) Kolkata d) Delhi

Question No. 15 to 17 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer [3]
the questions:
Study the given graph carefully and answer the following questions:

15. Infer the utility of Demographic transition theory?

a) Used to describe and predict b) Used to describe and predict
the future population of any the current population of any
area area

c) Used to describe and predict d) Used to describe and predict

the literacy rate of any area the crude death rate of any area

16. Which factors lead to decline in mortality in II stage?

a) Improvements in sanitation and b) Improvements in buffer stock
health conditions as food security

c) Improvements in acute food d) All of these

shortage in countries

17. Consider the following features and choose the correct stage after associating them.
i. Both fertility and mortality decline considerably.
ii. Population either stabilizes or grows slowly.
iii. There is a high level of technical know-how in this stage.
 a) III stage b) In between II and III stage

c) II stage d) I stage

Section B
18. Manufacturing Industry [3]
Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods
’made by machines’. It is essentially a process which involves transforming raw
materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets.
Conceptually, an industry is a geographically located manufacturing unit
maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system. As the
term industry is comprehensive, it is also used as synonymous with
‘manufacturing’. When one uses terms like ‘steel industry’ and ‘chemical industry’,
one thinks of factories and processes. But there are many secondary activities
which are not carried on in factories such as what is now called the ‘entertainment
industry’ and ‘Tourism industry’, etc. So for clarity, the longer expression
‘manufacturing industry’ is used.
i. What do you understand by the term Manufacturing?
ii. “Manufacturing involves value addition.” Explain with any one suitable
example.
iii. Name two industries which provide services rather than production of goods.

19. Study the map given below carefully and answer the following questions. [3]

i. Name the inland waterway shown in the map. (1)

ii. This waterway connects industrial areas of which countries of Europe? (1)
iii. State any two characteristics of this waterway. (1)
 Section C
20. Discuss how increasing demand for water is a challenge to India. [3]

OR
Why is conservation of water necessary in India? Give three reasons.

21. Study the following chart and answer: [3]

Source: Census of India, 2011

i. Which are the smallest religious groups in India?
ii. In which area Christian population is mostly concentrated?
iii. Why it is important to study the religious composition of any country?

22. What steps have been taken for modernisation of Indian ports? [3]

23. ‘Outsourcing has resulted in opening up a large number of job opportunities in [3]
several countries'. Analyse the statement with three suitable examples.

Section D
24. Discuss the important characteristic features of plantation agriculture. Name a few [5]
important plantation crops from different countries.

25. In India Satellite Communication has became vital for the country. Examine the [5]
statement.

OR
Explain with five suitable examples, how the level of economic development and
nature of terrain affect the density of roads in India.
26. The nature of composition and direction of international trade in the world has been [5]
changing with the time. Do you agree?

OR
Give information on the growing importance of the Regional Trade Blocs in
International trade with special reference to the European Union (EU) and the Oil
Producing and Exporting Countries.

27. Explain the land-use categories as maintained in the Land Revenue Records. [5]

OR
Explain with examples how modern agricultural technology has brought a significant
increase in agricultural output in India.

28. Mention the measures proposed to promote sustainable development in the [5]
Command Area of Indira Gandhi Canal irrigation project which are meant to
restore ecological balance.

OR
What measures have been proposed to promote sustainable development in the
command area?

Section E
29. On the given political outline map of the World, five geographical features have [5]
been marked as A, B, C, D and E. Identify them with the help of the following
information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them:
A. An international airport
B. A major seaport
C. A major area of subsistence gathering
 D. A mega city
E. An industrial region

30. On the given political outline map of India, locate and label any five from the [5]
following geographical features with appropriate symbols:
a. Oil refinery located in Bihar
b. Khetri - Copper mines
c. Katni - Bauxite mines
d. Coal mines located in West Bengal
e. Western Terminal of East-West Corridor
f. Eastern-most metropolitan city connected by Golden Quadrilateral
 Solution
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 4
Geography (029)
Class XII (2024-25)

Section A
1.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
Improving the lives of people will lead, automatically, to greater wellbeing for all. People
are central to all development. People's choices are not fixed but keep on changing. The
basic goal of development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives.
The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
2.
(d) (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)
Explanation:
(a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)
3.
(b) 19 April 1975
Explanation:
Aryabhata was the first unmanned Earth satellite built by India, assembled at Peenya, near
Bangalore, but launched from the Soviet Union by a Russian-made rocket in 1975.
4.
(c) Both the statements are incorrect
Explanation:
Both the statements are incorrect
5.
(c) Norway
Explanation:
Norway ranks first with a Human Development Index HDI value of 0.953 among 189
countries of the world.
6.
(d) manganese
Explanation:
manganese
7.
(b) Thorium
 Explanation:
Thorium is an important nuclear mineral resource is found abundantly in India. Thorium is
mainly obtained from monazite and limonite in the beach sands along the coast of Kerala
and Tamil Nadu. The country's thorium reserves were 11.93 million tonnes with a
significant majority found in the three eastern coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, and Odisha.
8.
(c) Mathura
Explanation:
Mathura
9.
(c) Pipeline
Explanation:
Pipeline
10.
(c) Only i is correct
Explanation:
Only i is correct
11.
(b) Norway, Australia, Germany, Iceland
Explanation:
Norway, Australia, Germany, Iceland
12.
(c) Anthropo-centric
Explanation:
The concept which is concentrated on human beings is called anthropo-centric. Countries
like India are a part of this concept.
13.
(d) Watershed management
Explanation:
Watershed management basically refers to the efficient management and conservation of
surface and groundwater resources. It involves the prevention of runoff and storage and
recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells,
etc.
14. (a) Greater Mumbai
Explanation:
Greater Mumbai
15. (a) Used to describe and predict the future population of any area
Explanation:
Used to describe and predict the future population of any area
16. (a) Improvements in sanitation and health conditions
Explanation:
Improvements in sanitation and health conditions
17. (a) III stage
Explanation:
III stage
Section B
18. i. Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods
’made by machines’.
ii. It is essentially a process which involves transforming raw materials into finished goods
of higher value. Example; Raw cotton is transformed to more valuable threads and then
threads are further transformed into more valuable fabric.(Any other relevant example)
iii. The ‘entertainment industry’ and ‘Tourism industry’
19. i. The Rhine inland waterway is shown in the map.
ii. It connects the industrial areas of Switzerland, Germany, France, Belgium and the
Netherlands.
iii. Characteristics of this waterway are as follows:
a. Rhine river flows through a rich coalfield making whole basin prosperous
manufacturing area.
b. This waterway is the world's most heavily used, e.g. more than 20,000 ocean-going
vessels and 2,00,000 inland vessels exchange their cargoes each year.
Section C
20. Increasing demand for water is a challenge to India:
i. India has a large population with limited water resources.
ii. Rising demand for the increasing population.
iii. More water is required for irrigation to increase agriculture production as rainfall is
highly variable.
iv. Rapid industrial growth is the increasing demand for water.
v. Urbanisation and modern lifestyle have increased demand.
vi. The share of agricultural sector in total water utilisation is much higher than in other
sectors.
OR
Conservation of water resources is essential in India due to the following reasons:
 i. To safeguard ourselves from health hazards as the quality of water is badly affected by
the discharge of urban wastes, industrial effluents, pesticides and fertilisers.
ii. To ensure food security to the people.
iii. Continuation of human activities and prevention of degradation of the environment.
iv. To control over-exploitation and mismanagement of water resources leading to
depletion of water and ecological crisis affecting the life of millions of people.
21. i. The smallest religious groups in India are Sikhs and Buddhists.
ii. The Christian population is distributed mostly in rural areas of the country. The main
concentration is observed along the Western coast around Goa, Kerala and in the north-
eastern region.
iii. Religion is one of the most dominant forces affecting the cultural and political life of
the majority of Indians. It also permeates into almost all the aspects of people's family
and community lives, it is important to study the religious composition.
22. Today Indian ports are handling large volumes of domestic as well as overseas trade. Most
of the ports are equipped with modern infrastructure. Such as :
1. The replacement of manual forms by web based e-forms.
2. Installation of container scanners.
3. Introduction of direct port delivery.
4. Paperless transactions.
5. Integration of more seaports with the port community system.
23. This can be explained through these examples:
i. The Knowledge Processing Outsourcing (KPO) industry includes research and
development, e-learning, business research, etc.
ii. The Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry involves highly skilled workers. It is
information-driven knowledge outsourcing.
iii. Data processing is another IT related service that employs a large number of people in
Asian countries.
Section D
24. Originally introduced by the Europeans in colonies situated in the tropics, plantation
agriculture is distinct from other kinds of agricultural practises because of its specific
features.
The characteristic features of this type of farming are:
i. Profit oriented large-scale production system.
ii. Large estates and plantations.
iii. A Scientific method of cultivation.
iv. Totally market-oriented.
v. Huge capital investment.
 vi. Cheap and large skilled labour supply.
vii. Monoculture.
viii. It is a link between agriculture and industry.
ix. They are provided with well-developed transportation facilities where material provided
by them is processed.
Important Plantation Crops are:
i. The French established cocoa and coffee plantations in West Africa.
ii. The British set up Large tea gardens in India and Sri Lanka, Rubber plantations in
Malaysia and Sugarcane and banana plantations in West Indies.
iii. Spanish and Americans invested heavily in coconut and sugarcane plantations in the
Philippines.
iv. The Dutch once had a monopoly over sugarcane plantation in Indonesia.
v. Some coffee Fazendas large plantations in Brazil are still managed by Europeans.
25. i. After the U.S.A. and former U.S.S.R. pioneered space research communication through
satellites emerged as a new area in communication technology since the 1970s.
ii. Satellite communication is beneficial in telecommunication. The internet has
completely transformed our country's telecommunications system.
iii. It has improved our country's weather forecasting system. India's weather forecasting
system is now more accurate and can detect natural disasters such as cyclones much
earlier.
iv. Furthermore, it aids India in maintaining border surveillance.
v. It also aids the country in the preservation of its natural resources. It aids in the
detection of new mining ventures.
OR
Nature of terrain and level of economic development affect the density of roads in
following ways:
i. Construction of roads in plains is easy and cheaper in comparison to hilly and
mountainous areas. Therefore, Gangetic plains have high density of roads as compared
to hilly North-Eastern States.
ii. Difficult terrain, thick forest do not provide suitable conditions for the development of
roads. That's the reason for having low density of roads in Himalayan and North-
Eastern region.
iii. Sandy soil is also a restriction in the development of roads, that's the reason for less
density of roads in Western Rajasthan. Similarly in the sandy region of Gujarat, the
density of road is very less.
iv. Economic development also affects the density of roads. Karnataka Plateau and
Maharashtra have high density of roads due to high concentration of industries and
 urbanisation in these areas.
While in the some states, there is very less density of roads in areas which are
economically backward and have less natural resources.
v. High density of road network is found in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in the
Northern India. This is due to advanced agriculture, industry and urbanisation in these
areas. Density of roads is also high in West Bengal.
After analysing these example we can say that density of roads is dependent on level
economic development and nature of terrain.
26. Yes, the nature of composition and the direction of trade has changed over the past few
decades.
i. In the beginning of the 20th century, the trade of primary products was more dominant
as compared to other sectors. But manufactured goods have now become more
important in the global trade. There has also been a rising trend in the trade of services
such as travel, commercial services etc.
ii. A number of primary products such as coal cotton, rubber, and wool have lost
importance in recent years. The major merchandises traded over the world are
agricultural products, fuels and mining products, iron and steel, chemicals, office and
telecom equipment, automotive products, textile and clothing.
iii. Earlier commodities such as valuable goods and artefacts were exported by the
developing countries to European countries. But in the 19th century, European countries
started exporting manufactured goods in exchange of raw materials to their colonies.
iv. During the second half of 20th century, Europe lost its colonies and the developing
countries such as India and China have started competing with developed countries.
v. Reduction in tariff barriers especially under General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
(GATT) and now under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has further changed the
composition of trade.
OR
Regional Trade Blocs have come up in order to encourage trade between countries with
geographical proximity, similarity and complementaries in trading items and to curb
restrictions on the trade of the developing world. Today, 120 regional trade blocs generate
52% of the world trade. These trading blocs developed as a response to the failure of the
global organizations to speed up intra-regional trade.
European Union(EU):
i. Headquarters at Brussels, Belgium,
ii. EU consists of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands,
Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
 iii. The commodities traded include-Agro products, minerals, chemicals, wood, paper,
transport vehicles, optical instruments, clocks, antiques, etc.
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC):
i. Headquarters at Vienna, Austria.
ii. Member countries include Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, UAE and Venezuela.
iii. to ensure price stability in the world oil market; to obtain a stable revenue for oil-
producing nations; and to provide a regular, reliable, efficient and economic supply to
consuming countries.
27. As maintained in the Land Revenue Records,the land-use categories are classified as
follows:
1. Forests: There is a difference in an area under actual forest cover and area classified as
forest. Forest is the area which the Government has identified and demarcated for forest
growth. The land revenue records are consistent with the forest definition. Thus, there
may be an increase in this category without any increase in the actual forest cover.
2. Land put to Non-agricultural Uses: In this category ,Land under settlements (rural
and urban), industries,shops,infrastructure (roads, canals) etc are included.
3. Barren and Wastelands: In this category,the land which cannot be brought under
cultivation with the available technology.Example:barren hilly
ravines,desert,lands,terrains, etc.
4. Area under Permanent Pastures and Grazing Lands: The Village Panchayat or the
Government owns most of this land.Only a small proportion of this land is privately
owned. The land owned by the village panchayat comes under 'Common Property
Resources'.
5. Area under Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves (Not included in Net sown Area):
The land under orchards and fruit trees are included in this category.Much of this land is
privately owned.
6. Culturable Wasteland: It includes any land which is left fallow (uncultivated) for
more than five years. It can be brought under cultivation after improving it through
reclamation practices.
7. Current Fallow: The land which is left without cultivation for one or less than one
agricultural year is current fallow.
8. Fallow other than Current Fallow: This is also a cultivable land which is Ieft
uncultivated for more than a year but less than five years.
9. Net Area Sown: The physical extent of land on which crops are sown and harvested is
called net sown area.
OR
 Significance of modern agricultural technology are:
i. Production and yield of many crops such as rice and wheat have increased at an
impressive rate. Among the other crops, the production of sugarcane, oilseeds and
cotton has also increased appreciably. India ranks first in the production of pulses, tea,
jute, cattle and milk. It is the second-largest producer of rice, wheat, groundnut,
sugarcane and vegetables.
ii. Modern agricultural technology has diffused very fast in various areas of the country.
Consumption of chemical fertilizers has increased by 15 times since the mid-sixties. In
2001-02, per hectare consumption of chemical fertilizers in India was 91 kg which was
equal to its average consumption in the world (90 kg). But in the irrigated areas of
Punjab and Haryana, the consumption of chemical fertilizers per unit area is three to
four times higher than that of the national average. Since the high yielding varieties are
highly susceptible to pests and diseases, the use of pesticides has increased significantly
since the 1960s.
iii. The expansion of irrigation has played a very crucial role in enhancing agricultural
output in the country. It provided a basis for the introduction of modern agricultural
technology such as high yielding varieties of seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and
farm machinery.
28. i. The first requirement is the strict implementation of water management policy. The
canal project envisages protective irrigation in Stage-1 and extensive irrigation of crops
and pasture development in Stage-II.
ii. In general, the cropping pattern shall not include water-intensive crops. It shall be
adhered to and people shall be encouraged to grow plantation crops such as citrus fruits.
iii. The CAD programmes such as the lining of watercourses, land development levelling
and Warabandi system shall be effectively implemented to reduce the conveyance loss
of water.
iv. The areas affected by waterlogging and soil salinity shall be reclaimed.
v. The eco-development through afforestation, shelterbelt plantation and pasture
development is necessary, particularly in the fragile environment of Stage-II.
vi. The social sustainability in the region can be achieved only if the land allottees having
poor economic background are provided adequate financial and institutional support for
the cultivation of land.
OR
Seven measures have been proposed to promote sustainable development in the command
area are meant to restore ecological balance. They are:
i. The first requirement is the strict implementation of water management policy. The
canal project envisages protective irrigation in Stage-I and extensive irrigation of crops
 and pasture development in Stage-II.
ii. In general, the cropping pattern shall not include water-intensive crops. It shall be
adhered to and people shall be encouraged to grow plantation crops such as citrus fruits.
iii. The CAD programmes such as the lining of watercourses, land development and
levelling and Warabandi system (equal distribution of canal water in the command area
of the outlet) shall be effectively implemented to reduce the conveyance loss of water.
iv. The areas affected by waterlogging and soil salinity shall be reclaimed.
v. The eco-development through afforestation, shelterbelt plantation and pasture
development is necessary particularly in the fragile environment of Stage-II.
Section E
29. A. Dr.Babasaheb ambedkar international Airport
B. Kandla
C. low latitude zone
D. Gujrat region
30. a. Oil refinery located in Bihar: Barauni
b. Khetri - Copper mines
c. Katni - Bauxite mines
d. Coal mines located in West Bengal: Raniganj
e. Western Terminal of East-West Corridor: Porbandar
f. Eastern-most metropolitan city connected by Golden Quadrilateral: Kolkata