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Photosynthesis Notes

Biology 9th grade

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Brenda McGarry-Rivera
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8 views

Photosynthesis Notes

Biology 9th grade

Uploaded by

Brenda McGarry-Rivera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Photosynthesis Introduction

Purpose: Photosynthesis is the process plants use to convert sunlight into energy,
allowing them to create food (glucose) from water and carbon dioxide while releasing
oxygen.

Photosynthesis Formula

Vocabulary

1. Photosynthesis – Process by which plants make their own food.


2. Chlorophyll – Main pigment in plants that captures sunlight.
3. Pigment – Molecules that absorb light; chlorophyll is the main one.
4. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) – Energy carrier molecule produced during
photosynthesis.
5. NADPH – Electron carrier that helps transfer energy in photosynthesis.
6. Chloroplast – Organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis happens.
7. Thylakoid – Disc-shaped structures inside chloroplasts where light-dependent
reactions occur.
8. Stroma – Fluid area in chloroplasts where the Calvin Cycle (light-independent
reactions) happens.

Scientists and Their Experiments

1. Jan Baptiste van Helmont


○ Experiment: Planted a tree in soil and measured the soil weight over 5
years.
○ Discovery: Plants gain mass mostly from water, not soil.
2. Joseph Priestley
○ Experiment: Placed a mint plant in a jar with “spent” air from a candle.
○ Discovery: Plants produce a gas (oxygen) that “refreshes” the air.
3. Jan Ingenhousz
○ Experiment: Showed that only the green parts of plants in sunlight
release oxygen.
○ Discovery: Sunlight and green plant parts are essential for oxygen
production.

Steps of Photosynthesis
1. Light-Dependent Reactions
○ Location: Thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts.
○ What Happens: Sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll, splitting water
molecules to produce oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
○ Main Products: Oxygen (O₂), ATP, and NADPH.

2. Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent Reactions)


○ Location: Stroma of chloroplasts.
○ What Happens: CO₂ is used along with ATP and NADPH to make
glucose.
○ Main Product: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆).

Draw and color the following diagram:

Importance of Photosynthesis

● Oxygen Production: Essential for life, as it supplies the oxygen we breathe.


● Food Production: Creates glucose, a primary food source for plants and,
indirectly, all other life forms.
● Energy Transfer: Converts solar energy into chemical energy, fueling
ecosystems.

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