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Lesson 7 Geological Processes

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Lesson 7 Geological Processes

Uploaded by

bombkover
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geological Processes

Minerals and Rocks


Learning Objectives

1. Understand geologic processes that occur on the


surface of the Earth;
2. Understand the geologic processes that occur within
the Earth; and
3. Understand the plate tectonics.
Geological Processes

1. Endogenic Processes
2. Exogenic Processes
3. Plate Tectonics
Endogenic Processes

• geological processes associated with energy originating


in the interior of the solid earth. Endogenic processes
include tectonic movements of the crust, magmatism,
metamorphism, and seismic activity.
Learn
About
Continental
Drift
Continental Drift was an
idea of Alfred Wegener.

He said that in the past, all


the continents were joined in
a single landmass.
The giant landmass was
called Pangaea.

Two hundred millions years


ago, Pangaea broke up.
If you want to know the names of the
landmasses, click on the image.
Africa and South America
were once connected. But
they drifted away from each
other.
India collided with Asia to
form the Himalayas.
India Asia
Himalayas
Exogenic Processes

• include geological phenomena and processes that


originate externally to the Earth's surface. They are
genetically related to the atmosphere, hydrosphere and
biosphere, and therefore to processes of weathering,
erosion, transportation, deposition, denudation etc.
Exogenic Processes

• include geological phenomena and processes that originate


externally to the Earth's surface. They are genetically related
to the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and
therefore to processes of weathering, erosion,
transportation, deposition, denudation etc.

• Also called Gradational Processes, they comprise


degradation and aggradation – they modify relief

 a continuum of processes – Weathering  Mass Wasting 


Erosion  Transportation  Deposition
Exogenic Processes

• Weathering
• Mass Wasting
• Erosion
• Transportation
• Deposition
Weathering

• The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces


called sediments.

• Types of Weathering
• Mechanical weathering
• Chemical weathering
• Biological weathering
Weathering

1. Mechanical/Physical Weathering
• A process wherein rocks are broken down into smaller pieces without
changing chemical composition due to different temperatures and water.
2. Chemical Weathering
• A process wherein rock materials are changes into other substances that
have different physical and chemical compositions.
• Some agents of chemical weathering include water, strong acids, and
oxygen.
3. Biological Weathering
• Process when living things, such as insects and roots of the trees, contribute
to the disintegration of rock materials.
Mass Wasting

• also known as slope movement or mass movement, is the


geomorphic process by which soil, sand, regolith, and
rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under
the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water
and water content as in submarine environments and
mudflows.
Erosion & Transportation

• The transportation of weathered rocks.


• Agents like running or rivers, wind, gravity, groundwater,
wave currents, and glaciers contribute to erosion.
Deposition

• Laying down of sediments to its depositional


environment or final destination. The depositional
environment can be continental, coastal, or marine.

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