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Unit-05 Creii Two Mark

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22 views

Unit-05 Creii Two Mark

Uploaded by

samydche555
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1

UNIT-V FLUID- FLUID REACTION


Industrial importance of Fluid- Fluid Reactions and give examples.
 liquid-liquid reactions are the nitration of organics with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric
acids to form materials such as nitroglycerin.
 The chlorination of liquid benzene and other hydrocarbons with gaseous chlorine is an
example of gas-liquid reactions.
 In the inorganic field we have the manufacture of sodium amide, a solid, from gaseous
ammonia and liquid sodium
 Fluid-fluid reactions may also be made to take place to facilitate the removal of an
unwanted component from a fluid. Thus, the absorption of a solute gas by water may
be accelerated by adding a suitable material to the water which will react with the solute
being absorbed.

How do you classify the kinetic regimes in gas-liquid reactions?


The classification of kinetic regimes in a Gas-Liquid reaction based on the relative rates of
reaction and mass transfer. According to two-film theory, the reaction may occur in liquid
film or in both liquid film and main body of liquid or in main body of liquid. Based on the
above three factors of reactions, we have eight special cases from infinitely fast to slow
reaction as;
Case A: Instantaneous reaction with low C,
Case B: Instantaneous reaction with high CB
Case C: Fast reaction in liquid film, with low CB
Case D: Fast reaction in liquid film, with high CB,
Case E and F: Intermediate rate with reaction in the film and in the main body
of the liquid
Case G: Slow reaction in main body but with film resistance
Case H: Slow reaction, no mass transfer resistance

Define Hatta number.


Hatta number (MH) is defined as the square root of the ratio of maximum possible
conversion in the liquid film to maximum diffusion transport through the liquid film.
If MH > 1, all reaction occurs in the film, and surface area is the controlling rate factor. On
the other hand, if MH, < 1 no reaction occurs in the film, and bulk volume becomes the
controlling rate factor
Explain the significance of Hatta number.
The significance of Hatta number (MH) is;
If MH>2, reaction occurs in the liquid film and are fast enough.
If 0.02 < MH < 2, reaction is influenced by all the resistances.
If MH < 0.02, reactions are infinitely slow.

Write the Overall rate expression gas film, liquid film and bulk liquid resistance are in
series.

RST, Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C.Tech., Anna University, Chennai


2

Define Enhancement factor.


The liquid enhancement factor (E) is defined as the ratio of rate of take up of gaseous „A‟ when
reaction occurs to the rate of take up of gaseous „A‟ for straight mass transfer, at same CAi,
CA, CBi, CB in the two cases. Or Enhancement factor E is defined as the ratio between the
Sherwood number with chemical reaction and that without reaction.

Write the material balance for the Mass Transfer alone

(A lost by gas) = (A gained by liquid)

Write the material balance for Mass Transfer + Reaction in a Countercurrent Tower

Factors to Consider in Selecting a Contactor


 Contacting pattern.
Towers approximate plug G/plug L.
Bubble tanks approximate plug G/mixed L.
Agitated tanks approximate mixed G/mixed L.
 Reaction lowers the resistance of the liquid film,
For absorption of highly soluble gases, chemical reaction is not helpful.
For absorption of slightly soluble gases, chemical reaction is helpful and does speed
up the rate.

RST, Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C.Tech., Anna University, Chennai

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