PARTICIPATORY

RURAL
APPRAISAL
(PRA)
 PROJECT 1
● Title of the project : Participatory Rural Appraisal of
Village Gothos,Kudal

● Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is a quick approach

to analyse a situation for assessing farmers needs by a
multi-disciplinary team by a creative and structural use of
investigation tools in a more accurate and cost-effective
manner.

● This technique was developed initially by social scientists

to allow planners to get timely information about the
socio cultural dimension of natural resource management
problems. It has now become a multi-disciplinary
approach which helps in getting and analysing
information on a variety of technical subjects. This
approach is being used by a increasing number of
technical specialists and project staff for information on
important aspects and needs of clients.

● Specific objectives of PRA technique:

1. To assess the overall situation of the village Gothos.

2. To assess the important needs of the farmers from
Gothos village.
3. To study the problems encountered by the farmers in their
farming.
 ● For collecting the data on different aspects various PRA
techniques we were used. These techniques included,

1. Semi structured interview

2. Village Map
3. Village transect
4. TimeLine
5. Seasonal analysis
6. Matrix ranking
7. Venn diagram
8. Livelihood analysis

● While using these PRA techniques, following general

steps were followed -
1. Built the personal rapport with the villagers
2. ldentified the villagers who were willing to share their
experiences
3. Seleced the suitable place for conducting the interview.
4. Showed full interest and enthusiasm.
5. Met the villagers with open and frank mind. Told them Why
this was being done.
6. Began the interview by asking general questions in order to
the tension and for setting good climate for discussion.

1.0 Findings:-
 The findings emerged out through these technique are
described here under-

1.1 Overall situation of the village Gothos–

1.1.1 Location :-
The village Gothos is situated at 25 km away from
Kudal at Mumbai-goa highway.
The village is surrounded by Nileli village to the east,
Nivje village to the west, Vados village to the southand
Narur village to the north.

1.1.2 Population :-
Total population of the village is 1548 out of which
malepopulation is 743 and female population is 805.

1.1.3 Literacy :-
Majority of the population from this village is literate that
is 69.83% is literate and 30.17 is illiterate.

1.1.4 Caste composition:-

Caste composition of the village showed that majority of
the population that is (94.63%)belongs to kunabi caste
followed by ‘scheduled tribe’(5.37%).

1.1.5 Land utilization:-

The total geographical area of this village was 1360 Ha.R
out of this area, 605 Ha.R 44.4 per cents wascultivable
area, while 755 Ha.R that is 55.5 per cent
 was cultivable waste.The area sown more than once was
negligible, The total waste land of the village was 14.38
percent.

1.1.6 Crops:
The rice crop was grown on 55-16-07 Ha area during
kharib season. out of these, improved varieties were
cultivated on 73.67 % area with an average productivity
of 24 quintal per ha. On the remaining 26.33 % area, local
varieties were cultivated with an average productivity of
16.5 quintal per ha.
Wal crop was cultivated on 27.40 ha area and average
productivity of 90-95 quintal of green pods per ha. It was
found that some of the farmers were growing Mung /Matki
crop and area allotted to these crops was 13 ha during kharif
season. On small scale some farmers grow watermelon, okra
etc
In rabi season, the farmers were found growing Rice on
large scale.(103 ha) Some farmers also grow turmeric crop (11
ha). Vegetables crops like chilli ,ladyfinger,etc were grown on
small scale. The area under fruit crops like mango and coconut
was 1.5 ha and 0.5 ha respectively.

1.1.7 Livestock :
The total number of livestock was 284 . Out of which 12
were bullocks , 5 cows (local- 3 & cross breed- 2), 4
calves (local- 3 & cross breed-1), She-buffalos -24 (all
locals) & 3 He-buffalos(all locals).Total number of
poultry birds were 236 (all local).
1.1.8 Source of irrigation-
There were 13 sources of irrigation in the village which
includes 5 wells,1 river,2 nalas,2 tanks and 3 borewells.
Out of those wells,rivers and borewells were fully utilized
for irrigation purposes, however these sources were not
fully utilized.
In village only 2 farmers were found using drip
irrigation on 1.3 ha area for mainly in horticultural crops.
In the village 9 water lifting devices were found which
included oil engines (2 nos) and electric motor (7 nos) from
which 3 water lifting devices are used for drinking and water
usage and 6 are used for agriculture purpose.

1.1.9 Fertilizer consumption :

The fertilizer consumption 70kg/ha in the
village.Different fertilizers such as urea (urea granules
and urea briquetes) 60kg/ha, Diammonium phosphate(36
kg/ha),and Suphala consumption was 15kg/ha. The
farmers were found using urea/urea briquetes and suphala
mainly in paddy field,while Single Super Phosphate,urea
and ammonium sulphate were mainly used for mango and
coconut crops.
Many farmers use farm yard manures(FYM) such as
cow dung before their cropping season 10-15 ton/ha .

1.1.10 Consumption of plant protection chemicals :

 Only 0.5% farmers were found using plant protection
chemicals namely Goal, indosulphan, monocrotophos,
roger.
Various types of sprayers(6 nos) were found in the
village which include 3 knapsack sprayers, 2 gun sprayers and
1 power sprayer.

1.1.11 Availability of improved implements :

As regard, availability of improved implements it was
observed that there were 1 power tiller,3 mango nippers,
165 vaibhav sickle, 1 loranthus cutter, 3 leveller,1
harvester, 2 threshers, 6 sprayers, 3 fans, 5 bullock
carts,70 spades.

1.1.12 Institutions in the village :

There were 3 different institutions in this village from
which Swadesh foundation and Kulswamini Shetkari
Mandal (under NABARD) were working in close co-
operation with each other for the development of the
village as well as for the development of condition of the
farmers apart from this 2 Self help groups (SHG) and 1
youth group( yuvak mandal) are also working in this
village.

1.1.13 Introduction of technology :

The information regarding the introduction of different
improved technologies was collected through discussions
with the villagers. It was observed that “Jaya and Ratna”
semi dwarf varieties of rice was introduced in the village
 in the year 1974 also the pulses like wal, moong were
introduced during 1960-70. “Konkan wal-1” variety of
lablab bean and ‘konkan sadabahar’ variety of cowpea
was cultivated for the first time in village in 1989 and
1993. While the improved varities of chilli and lady’s
finger were introduced in 1996. Ratna variety of mango
came in the village in 1984.
Due to the contionous work of the swadesh foundation
in the village and COH Mulde centre the village has being
continuously developing in the agriculture sector. Various new
technologies like threshers, power tillers, etc were introduced
early in the village.
Vaibhav sickle and power tiller were introduced in 1991
and 1997 respectively.

1.1.14 Timeline Of Village Gothos :

The timeline presented in Table 1 showed that the general
development rate in agriculture in particular was found
satisfactory. It was noticed that village was more
developed after 1965 at faster rate after COH Mulde and
swadesh foundation adopted the village.

1.1.15 Seasonal analysis :

The seasonal analysis showed that farmers were
producing paddy at the rate of 8 to 9 q/ha during 1960 to
1970 and the farmers were getting average price of Rs1.50
to 1.75 per kg for rice.
The present rice production in the village is about 15 to
17 q/ha due to the introduction of improved varities like jaya,
ratna, ratnagiri-7 etc. farmers are getting 15-20 Rs per kg for
rice.
During 1965 farmers were getting a price of Rs 30-40
per 100 fruits of mango while today there are getting Rs 600 to
700 per 100 fruits.
1.1.16 Livelihood analysis :
Village consists of 82 households of which 97.57% are
above poverty line only 2.43% are below poverty line,
while the literacy rate of the village is 95% and only 5%
are illiterate.
The livelihood analysis on the basis of per month annual
income revealed that per month annual income of the farm
families was Rs 1100/-. The monthly income of families
engaged in agriculture above 2 acre was around Rs 2400/-
, while the monthly of income engaged in business as
major occupation earned an average monthly income of
Rs 6000/-, while the traders earn the monthly income of
Rs 3500/-
The agricultural and landless labourers could earn only
Rs 300 per month.
Table : Time Line Of Gothos Village
Sr.N Particulars Year
o
1 Kaccha Road 1958
2 Establishment Of Primary School 1960
3 Establishment Of Co-Operative Society

4 Introduction Of Electricity 1962

5 First Use Of Chemical Fertilizers

6 First Use Of High Yielding Varities Of 1965
Paddy
7 First Bicycle Around 1967
8 Establishment Of Grampanchayt 1968
9 First Sarpanch 1968
10 Establishment First Drinking Well 1970
11 First Motorcycle 1972
12 Establishment Of Maruti Temple 1972
13 Introduction Of Telephone 1973
14 Pakka Road 1980
15 Establishment Of Provisional Store 1980
16 Construction Of Bhairavnath Temple 1989
17 Establishment Of Highschool 1992
18 First Time Use Of HYV Of Vegetable 1993
19 First Jeep (Trax) 1995
20 Introduction Of Motor Pump 1995
21 Establishment Of Anganwadi 1996
22 First Time Use Of HYV Of Pulses 1999
23 First Use Of Power Tiller 2000
24 Establishment First Water Tank(Public) 2002
25 Establishment Of Agril.Development Group 2010
26 Construction Of Community Pond N/A
27 Primary Health Care N/A (At Wados)
28 First Floor Meal/Rice Meal N/A
29 Establishment Of Post Office N/A
Table 2 : Transect of Gothos Village
Sr Village situation Upland Midland Lowland
No
.
1 Soil type Red loamy - Black clay
2 Kharif crops - Rice, Rice
pulses(mung,
mataki)
3 Rabi crops - Wal Rice (Ahirat)
4 Horticultural crops Mango Jackfruit, Watermelon,
drumstick, Cashew,
karonda, guava,
tamarind, , pineapple,
papya. Coconut.
5 Forest crops Shivri,bambo bamboo Banyan,
o, bamboo
6 Weed Convoluvus arvensis Phalris minor
7 Livestock Goats Buffalo, cow Cattles
8 Poultry Hens hens Hens
9 Wild animals Peacock,monke monkey Peacock, wild
y boar, monkey,
reptiles
10 Social situation 10 houses,with 35 houses, 15 houses,
30% with majority majority of the
population.well of population. houses in
build houses All temples scattered
and social situation.
assets. mainly near the
farms.
11 Constraints Soil erosion, Lower Flood situation
wild animal, availability of during rainy
lack of land for season. Wild
transport. housing. Lack animals.
of water for
rabi season
12 Solution Tree plantation. Build houses Construction of
Bund in multistory houses at
construction. forms. Use of higher level of
Construction of water land
roads up to conservation
possible area. methods.
Increase in
irrigation
facilities lick
borewell, well,
etc.
 2.6.3 Problems of the Village :
Sr.N Name of Village Problems at farmer level
o problem problem
1 Farmer’s Less Majority of farmers are facing problems
Problem production of related to weed like lodging. Non
paddy. availability of labors.
Monocropping
, lack of
diversity in
cropping
2 Social Non- Decline in self- sufficiency and
Availability of overproduction of staple crops like rice.
drinking water
during heavy
rains or flood
conditions at
river
3 cultural Non Migration of young generation to the
availability of metropolitan cities like Mumbai causing
cultural hall to comparatively less population in village
carry out
different
meeting or
cultural
program
4 Infrastructur Incompletely Non availability of roads to farm so that
e constructed their equipment’s can reach at each and
roads, every farm.

5 Technical Lack of Non availability of information about

computers or various scheme’s related to agriculture.
other technical Due to illiteracy they have to depend on
facilities for others to fill the forms
filling forms of
schemes
6 Health and Lack of Mass production of mosquito at starting
sanitation primary health of monsoon.
care clinic
7 Institutional Lack of high Due to absence of Bank or coperative
school at society offices in village they have less
village causing information about government schemes
major and their implementation
migration of
villagers from
village to
Mumbai like
cities

Resource Map Of Village Koshimbale :

 Resource Map Of Village Koshimbale :

Agicultural Map Of Village Koshimbale :