POWER DISTRIBUTION IN TRIPPER CAR 183

(NEW INSTALLATION AND CHANGES)

Submitted by Guided by

DHANANJAY KUMAR SELVANATHAN SIR

GET/EEE (48958) ADGM/ELECTRICAL BASE

MBS, MINE 2 CPF No. 39699

Mob No. 9488996455

Reporting Officer

P.KUMARARANJAN

ACM/Elec. MBS (33320).

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 INDEX

S.N. Particulars Page No

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. WORKING PRINCIPLE 3-6

3. PROBLEMS FACED IN CURRENT SITUATION 6-7

4. NUMERICAL RELAYS 7

5. PROTECTION OF MOTORS 7-8

6. PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS 8-9

7. SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 10

8. OVERALL LEARNING FROM THE PROJECT 11

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1. INTRODUCTION
As we already know that NLC India Limited is mining cum power generation
company. It generates electricity through its captive lignite mining. NLCIL use
SMEs(ie Specialised Mining Equipment) to exact lignite from its opencast mine.
Tripper Car is an important SME for mining, it is bridge between conveyor and
spreader. So tripper car needs electricity for their operation and through this
project I elabroate and introduce some electrical protection in Tripper Car 183
which is situated in Middle Bench, Mine-2 for proper operation and
troubleshooting.

2. WORKING PRINCIPLE:
I with the help of my guide Selvanathan Sir, ADGM, Electrical Base Mine 2,first
analyse the circuit diagram of the tripper car and also physically inspect its
protection scheme. I have to notice the feeding point of Tripper Car, from trailing
cable electricity came into this machine.

The supply comes in Mine 2 from TPS 2 through 230KV overhead transmission line.
In mine, there is one substation rating 340 MVA which comprises 8*30 MVA and
4*25 MVA transformers which step down the voltage from 230 kv to 11 kv. Because
as per DGMS guidelines max 11kv supply voltage are available in the mines. From
substation 11 kv supply voltage comes to all benches and yards through landline
cable ie. EPR cables through pillar box after every 100m. We use pillar box in yard
and road area not in bench. In bench we use field kiosk for power distribution to

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several motors in drive head and SMEs. In field kiosk there is protection system also
present in three numbers these are- two nos overcurrent relays and one earth
leakage fault relay with both instantaneous and time scheme to protect the SMEs
and motors of the drive head. In Tripper Car 183, the 11 kv supply comes from field
kiosk through trailing cables in the bottom isolator. In this machine there is a
transformer 11kv /3.3kv (1800 KVA) to step down the voltage from 11kv to 3.3 kv
to supply the motor rating 630 kw and 3.3 kv. There is one more transformer rating
1250 KVA step down the voltage from 11kv/0.433 kv used for LT supply and we
further step down the voltage to 230 V for lighting supply and 110 V for control
purposes. There are many protective equipment to protect from any abnormal
condition and faults. From power cable reeling drum ie bottom isolator the 11Kv
supply goes from isolator connected with earth switch and surge arrestor to reduce
the effect of surges during lighting and switching. Then there is an On Load Isolator
which can be operated in live condition then ACCB ie Air Conduit Circuit Breaker
rated 11 KV,630A,350 MVA and then there is a CT ie current transformer for
measuring and isolating purposes rated 50/5 A then supplies goes to the 1200 KVA
transformer which step down the voltage from 11kv to 433V and the connection of
transformer is Dy11. Similarly another connection goes from the other On line
Isolator and ACCB and CT but different rating ie 150-75/5 A to the 1800 KVA
transformer which step down the voltage from 11kv /3.3 kv. This 3.3kv supply goes
to the 630 KW,3.3 KV slip ring induction motor two in number through PT and
circuit breaker. There is also slewing limit protection, hoist limit protection, Power
limit protection in tripper car. Another protection scheme is SFU it is one switch
and one fuse unit. When we operate the breaker, the contacts will get close
through switch and then supply will passes through the fuse unit to the output. We
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use HRC fuse ie high rupturing fuse to protect the motor from short-circuit or high
current generally rated at 250 A.

Some more protective equipment are discussed below-

1. CBCT ie Core Balance Current Transformer, it is a ring-type transformer

through the center of which a three-core cable or three single-core cables
of a three-phase system passes. This type of current transformer is normally
used for earth fault protection for low and medium voltage system.
2. CAG ie Current Actuated General/Generator, through this the transformer of
tripper car 11kv/3.3kv and 11kv/430V protected.

The single line diagram of Tripper Car 183 is drawn below-

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 3. PROBLEMS FACED IN CURRENT SITUATION.
A. Presently, I Tripper Car 183 there are electromagnetic relays
used for example inverse definite minimum time IDMT
relays which are slow and due to its mechnical parts it prone
to wear and tear. So instead of electromagnet relays we can
use Numerical Relays.

Numerical relays are fast, no wearing and tearing and troubleshooting

is easy in it because it indicates on which part there is fault or which
contactor is damaged.

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 B. In Tripper Car 183,the wiring are old so for proper operation
we have to replace it with new wires.
C. There are two types of fault shunt and series. To detect
shunt fault we use Potential Transformer PT and for series
fault Current Transformer CT, so we have to install CTs & PTs
for the input of the relays for troubleshooting.

4. NUMERICAL RELAYS

A Numerical Relay is a computer-based system with software-based

protection algorithms for the detection of electrical faults. Such
relays are also termed as microprocessor type protective relays.
They are functional replacements for electro-mechanical protective
relays and may include many protection functions in one unit, as well
as providing metering, communication, and self-test functions.
So by the use of numerical relays we can easily find out that on
which section there is fault.

5. PROTECTIONOF MOTORS.
When a motor protection is analysed, it must be remembered that in the
starting phase the machine absorbs a current equal to about 6 times the
rated one for a variable time according to the characteristics of the
machine moved (from fractions of a second for small pumps up to tens of
seconds for large fans). M 49 50 48 46 51LR 51G 66 In the presence of a
network short-circuit, the motor behaves like a generator during the first
instants and supplies the fault with a current theoretically equal to the
starting current. Both the starting condition as well as the contribution to
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 the short-circuit are service conditions of the machine and the protections
must be calculated to prevent false trips in these operating conditions.
Motor faults or abnormal operating conditions can be traced back to (and
consequently the protection must recognise):–
o Overload;
o Short-circuit;
o Ground fault;
o Too long starting;
o Locked rotor running;
o Unbalanced load;
o Excessive number of starts.
• The anomalous operating conditions can be identified with different
protection functions which can also be a reserve for each other, for
example short-circuit can be identified using overcurrent protections
and/or differential protections. The protection functions to be provided for
a motor are:
This is based on Technical Guide published by ABB in 2016.
A. Relay 49 Thermal protection against overload;
B. Relay 50 Overcurrent short circuit protection;
C. Relay 87M Differential protection.
D. Relay 51G Overcurrent ground protection.
E. Relay 48 Overcurrent protection prolonged starting.
F. Relay 51LR Overcurrent protection against locked rotor during
running.
G. Relay 46 Negative sequence overcurrent protection.
If we use ABB’s numerical relays above mentioned numbers are displayed in
screen if different types of fault occurs.

6. PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS.

A transformer is a two-way type of machine, i.e. the flow of energy can be

in two directions without distinction. This clarification is very important
since in plants where there can be power which flows without distinction

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 from the primary to the secondary or vice versa, it is necessary to prepare
protections on both sides. If, on the other hand, the transformer is only
used with power flow in one direction, the protection system against phase
faults may only be provided on the power supply side. What has been
stated is only valid for the protections against phase faults and is not valid
for ground protections as the two homopolar circuits are generally
independent and each one needs dedicated protection against ground
faults. The faults or abnormal operating conditions in transformers can be
traced back to (and consequently the protection must recognise) the
following:–
Overload; Short-circuit;
Primary side ground fault;
Secondary side ground fault.
In their turn, these abnormal operating conditions can be identified using
different protection functions which can also be a reserve for each other,
for example, short-circuit can be identified using overcurrent protections
and/or differential protections.
The protection functions to be provided for a transformer are:
A. Relay 49 Thermal overload protection;
B. Relay 51 Overcurrent protection with inverse time.
C. Relay 50 Primary side overcurrent short circuit protection.
D. Relay 87T Differential transformer protection.
E. Relay 51G Primary & secondary side overcurrent ground fault
protection.
F. Relay 26 Overtemperature protection.
G. Relay 24 Overflux protection.
So, by using the numerical relays it is very easy for troubleshooting.

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 7. SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

By the use of Numerical Relays, we can fastly and efficiently

troubleshoot the faults.
Some of the advantages of Numeical Relays are given belows-
• Compact Size
• Flexibility
• Reliability
• Multi Function Capability
• Digital Communication Capabilities
• Low Burden
• Sensitivity
• Speed
• Fast Resetting
• Auto Resetting and Self Diagnosis
• Data History.
So it is very beneficial for using Numerical Relays instead of
electromagnetic relays.

My second suggestion is that, the wiring of contactor logic of the

Tripper Car 183 is very old and are in not good condition so for proper
operation and less frequent faults we have to replace the old wires by
new ones.

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 8. OVERALL LEARNING FROM THE PROJECT.
During studying about the power distribution of the Tripper Car 183
using the wiring diagram and with the help of Selvanathan Sir, ADGM
Electrical Base Mine 2, I learned many things about power distribution
in Mine and how the high voltage step down through transformer, ht &
lt supply, able to understand single line and wiring diagram of control
panel. I also draw single line diagram of the Tripper Car 183 which is
also included in this project.
And last but not the least about the Numerical Relays its advantages
and some basic code used by ABB for observing and troubleshooting for
different types of faults for example, earth fault, phase to phase fault,
phase to ground fault etc.

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