UCSP – 2n Quarter Reviewer ANNULMENT - it nullifies a marriage completely as if it

I. SOCIAL GROUP - two or more people who regularly has never existed.
interact with one another and who share common DIVORCE - court decree that terminates or dissolves a
outlook concerning behavior, a sense of common marriage. Divorce is given back their single status and
identity and who do things together with a common may again remarry.
goal and interest. FAMILY - small institution that unites individuals into
Classification of Groups cooperative groups to oversee the bearing and raising
1. Primary Group – small “face-to-face” groups in which of children. It is built on kinship based on blood,
the interaction is direct and personal. marriage, and adoption.
2. Secondary Group - formal & impersonal group Classification:
wherein members have little social intimacy or mutual a. Nuclear Family - two parents and their children.
understanding. b. Single Parent - one parent with 1 or more kids which
Boundaries of the Groups the parent either never married, is widowed, or divorced.
1. In-Groups - group with w/c the indi. identifies & w/c c. Extended Family - families with 2 or more adults who
gives him sense of belonging, solidarity, camaraderie, are related through blood or marriage along with
esprit decorps, and a protective attitude toward the children and other relatives living under the same roof.
other members. There is such a high regard for each d. Blended Family - A reconstituted family, it is the
member that collective terms like “We”, “Us”. constitution of two adults who have children from
2. Out-Groups - Members of the in-group have feelings previous relationships.
of strangeness, dislikes, avoidance, antagonism, Types of Families
indifference and even hatred toward the out-group. A. By Descent:
3. Reference Group - A person can be a member of a. Patrilineal - Descent traced through the male line.
many groups which are all influential in how he/she b. Matrilineal - Descent traced through the female line.
perceives and views social realities. c. Bilateral - 2 lines of descent serve different purposes.
4. Network - structure of connection of an individual B. By Residence:
with oneself, with another individuals, and groups a. PATRILOCAL - A couple lives near or with husband's
II. KINSHIP - relations formed between members of family of origin.
society in terms of sharing of characteristics or origin. b. MATRILOCAL - A couple lives near or with wife's
Types of Kinship family of origin.
1. CONSANGUINEAL – rel. is achieved by birth/blood c. AVUNCULOCAL - A couple with the husband’s
affinity. mother’s brother or a relative other than a parent.
2. AFFINAL - based by MARRIAGE. d. NEOLOCAL - A couple establishes their own
MARRIAGE - Legal foundation of the family that exist in household with no obligation to or dependence on
all culture. Legal Contract between two people either family of origin.
committing themselves in a permanent affinal kinship. e. BILOCAL/AMBILOCAL - A couple chooses to live with
Forms of Marriage or near either family of origin, sometimes moving
a. MONOGAMY - Permits a man to take only one between the two.
spouse at a time. III. POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS - involves issues like
b. POLYGAMY - practice of multiple marriage. Marriage allocation of political roles, level of political integration,
pattern in w/c an indi. is married to more than 1 person concentration of power and authority, mechanism of
at a time. social control and resolving conflicts.
Forms of Polygamy a. BAND - very small, formed by several families living
 POLYGYNY - marriage of one man to two or together. The approximate number of people in a band
more women at the same time. is less 100 persons, who are associated by kinship.
 POLYANDRY - marriage of a women to two or b. TRIBE - larger & more complex than a band
more men at the same time. comprising several bands. Focused on meeting basic
Selection of Marriage Partners needs of the group.
1. ENDOGAMY - dictates that one should marry within c. CHIEFDOM - more defined political organization that
one’s clan or ethnic group. is composed of diff. tribe or villages which are in alliance
2. EXOGAMY - 1 marries outside one’s clan/ethnic grp. with one another under one political leader referred to
3. LEVIRATE - widow marries the brother or nearest kin as the “chief”.
of the deceased husband. d. STATE - organized political community of people
4. SORORATE - widower marries the sister or nearest characterized by formal institutions of government,
kin of the deceased wife. united by common set of laws, permanent territorial
boundaries and sovereignty (political independence).
SEPARATION - A husband and wife separated on their
e. NATION - large body of people united by common
own arrangement without the sanction of the court,
descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a
legally separated husband and wife cannot remarry.
particular state or territory.
LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE V. EDUCATION - process of facilitating learning or the
a. Traditional Authority - concerned with how political acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs and
system can be maintained by the constant reference to habits.
customs, tradition, and conventions. Types of Education:
b. Charismatic Authority - A leader has a charisma to A. FORMAL EDUCATION - follows a hierarchically
galvanize a diverse group of people to follow his/her structure from primary to secondary to tertiary
political course of action. education. It is an institutional activity
c. Legal-Rational Authority - based on well-defined because the process is done in schools, colleges and
laws. People follow the laws, not because of the university.
leader’s charisma but because of the legitimacy and 1. Elementary - involves compulsory, formal
validity of laws bestowed upon all members of society. education primarily concerned with providing
IV. STATE INSTITUTION - Institutions that have state basic education, and usually corresponds to a
functions and are established to govern the state. traditional seven grades to preschool programs.
• DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS - It advises and 2. Secondary Education - is concerned primarily
assists the President in the field of foreign relations in with continuing basic education and expanding
pursuit of its Constitutional mandate. it to include the learning of employable, gainful
• DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - It skills, usually corresponding to four years of
direct, lead, and coordinate the country's scientific and junior high school and two years of senior high
technological efforts geared towards maximum school.
economic and social benefits for the people. 3. Tertiary Education - Institutions of higher
• DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION - It formulates, education may be classified as either public or
implements, and coordinates policies, plans, programs private college or university, and public
and projects in the areas of formal and non-formal basic institutions of higher education
education. B. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION - Any organized
NON-STATE INSTITUTION - establishments not owned educational activity outside the established formal
and controlled by the government system to provide selected types of learning to a
Types: segment of the population. Ex. TESDA
A. BANK - are institution where people place or deposit C. INFORMAL EDUCATION - lifelong process where
their money or savings with corresponding interest on a learning comes naturally from the daily experience
given period of time or assets for safekeeping. as a result of exposure in dealing with people.
Major Types of Banks:
1. Retail Banks - focus on consumers or the Special Education (SpEd) - education of persons who
general public as its customers. are physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, or
2. Commercial Banks - focuses on businesses and culturally different from so-called “normal” individuals.
businessmen as its main clientele.
3. Investment Banks - provide medium and long-  Primary Education as Human Rights
term loans and deposits to business industries. 1987 Philippine Constitution, “Everyone has the right to
4. Agricultural Banks - provide short-term & long- education”
term loans to facilitate agricultural activities. Education has to be free and compulsory at
B. CORPORATIONS - Organization created by a group of least in the primary level, higher education and
people known as the “shareholders”. Corporations is technical-vocational education should be made
mandated to enjoy the rights, privileges and generally available.
responsibilities of an individual --- “legal person”
C. COOPERATIVE - people-centers enterprises owned,
controlled and run by and for their members to realize GOOD LUCK!!
their common economic, social, and cultural needs and
aspirations.
D. TRADE UNION / LABOR UNION - organizations
formed by workers whose main objective is to protect
the welfare of its members.
E. TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY GROUPS - spread
information in support of a cause across borders in an
attempt to change international policies and practices.
F. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS - Institutions
established by three or more states as voluntary
members in order to promote cooperation and
coordination among them.