Nueva Vizcaya State University

College of Engineering
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Name
REVIEW MATH DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Course & Yr

I.
II. LIMITS d d 1 d (u)
A. Theorems on Limits: ( c )=0 ( arcsin u )=
1. If f(x) = c, a constant, then
dx dx √ 1−u 2 dx

lim f ( x )=c . d d(u ) d 1 d (u )

x →a ( cu)=c ( arccos u )=−
lim f ( x )= A lim g( x )=B
dx dx dx √1−u 2 dx

Let x →a and x →a , then d d (u) d (v ) d 1 d (u )

lim k f ( x )=kA (u+v )= + ( arctan u )=
2. x→a , k being a constant. dx dx dx dx 2
1+u dx
d d (v ) d (u ) d d (u )
3. (uv )=u +v ( arc cot u )=−1 2
lim [ f ( x )±g( x ) ] =lim f ( x )±lim g( x ) dx dx dx dx 1+u dx
x →a x →a x →a
¿ A±B . d n n−1 d (u ) d 1 d (u)
(u )=nu ( arc sec u )=
lim [ f ( x ) g ( x ) ] =lim f ( x ) lim g( x )
x →a x →a x→a
dx dx dx u √ u −1 dx
2

4. ¿ AB . d (u ) d (v ) d 1 d (u )
v −u ( arc csc u )=−

5.
lim
x →a [ ] f ( x)
=
lim f ( x )
x→a
g( x ) lim g( x ) B
x→a
=
A

,
d u
()
dx v v 2
=
dx dx
E.
dx
Hyperbolic Functions
u √u −1 dx
2

B. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions d d (u )

provided B  0.
d (u ) ( sinh u )=coshu
d 1 dx dx
n
√
lim √ f ( x )= lim f ( x )=√ A
n n
dx
( log a u ) =
u ln a dx d (u )
6. x →a x →a , d
n d 1 d (u) ( cosh u )=−sinh u
provided √ A is a real number. ( ln u ) = ;u≠0 dx dx
dx u dx d 2 d (u)
( tanhu )=sec h u
( a u ) =au ln a d (u)
B. L’Hospital’s Rule (Indeterminate Type d dx dx
0/0) dx dx
If a is a number, if f(x) and g(x) are
d u u d (u ) d d (u )
differentiable and g(x)  0 for all x on ( e )=e ( coth u )=−csch 2 u
dx dx dx dx
some interval 0<|x−a|<δ and if d d (u ) n d( v ) d(u)
( u ) =vu n−1
v
+u lnu d
lim f ( x )=0 lim g( x )=0 ( sec hu )=sec hu tanh u
x →a and x →a , then dx dx dx dx dx

[ ]f '( x ) C. Trigonometric Functions d d ( u)

lim d d (u) ( cscu )=−csc hu coth u
when x →a g '( x ) exists or is infinite, ( sin u )=cos u dx dx
dx dx
[ ] [ ]
−x
f ( x) f ' (x ) x
e −e e x + e−x
lim = lim d d (u ) sinh x= cosh hx =
x →a g( x ) x → a g '( x ) . ( cos u )=−sin u 2 2
dx dx sinh x cosh x
II. DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS d d (u) tanh x= coth x=
( tanu )=sec 2 u cosh x sinh x
A. Algebraic Functions dx dx 1 1
NOTE: u, v, w are differentiable functions d d (u) sec hx= cschx=
of x and a and n are constants. ( cot u ) =−csc 2 u cosh x sinh x
dx dx
d d (u) F. Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
( secu )=secu tan u
dx dx
d d (u )
( cscu )=−csc u cot u
dx dx
D. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 d (u) B. 10 D. 9
d
dx
( arcsinh u )=
1
√u +1 dx
2 (x−h)2+( y−k)2=ρ2 5. What is the limiting value of the function

( 1x ) as x approaches infinity.
x

y'[1+( y') ]
d 1 d (u ) 2 f ( x )= 1+
( arccosh u )=− 2
dx √u −1 dx h= x− A. 1 C. 0
d
dx
( arctanh u )=
1
1−u
d (u )
2 dx y} } {} # k=y+ { {1+ left (y' right ) rSup { size 8{2} } } over {y 6.
B. e D. infinity
Find the derivative of the function with
D. Graph of a function y = f(x)
d ( arc cot u )=−12
d (u ) 1. The curve rises if dy/dx is positive respect to x; y=sin ( x−1 ) .
√
dx u −1 dx and falls if dy/dx is negative. cos ( √ x−1 ) cos ( √ x−1 )
2. The points where dy/dx = 0 are
d 1 d (u) called critical points which can be a A. 2√x C. √x
( arcsech u )=
dx u √ 1−u 2 dx maximum or minimum point or (
cos √ x−1 ) cos √ x−1 )
(
d 1 d (u) simply a point where the slope is B. 2x D. x
( arc csc u )=− horizontal. 7. Find the derivative of the function with
dx u √1+u 2 dx
3. If y’ = 0 and y” is negative, the point
arcsinh x=ln ( x+ √ x 2 +1 )
arccosh x=ln ( x + √ x 2−1 )
is a maximum.
4. If y’ = 0 and y” is positive, the point is
a minimum.
respect to x:
1
y=ln
√ x +1
x−1 .
1
1 1+x 5. The point of inflection is the point on 1−x 2 2
arctanh x= ln the curve where the direction of A. C. −1
x
2 1−x curvature changes. At such point, y” 1 1
x+1 = 0. B. 1+ x2 D. x+1
arc coth x=ln
x−1 E. Applications of Maxima and Minima 8. Find the differential of the function
Steps in Solving:
1+ √ 1−x 2 1. Identify the variable to be maximized
f ( x , y , z )=3 x 2 y 4 z .
arcsech x=ln
x or minimized. A. 6 xy 4 zdx+12 x 2 y 3 zdy+3 x 2 y 4 dz
1+ √ 1+x 2 2. Express the variable in terms of the 2 3 4 2 4
arccsch x=ln other relevant variable/s. B. 12 x y zdx+6 xy dy+3 x y dz
x 3. If the function consists of more than 4 2 4 2 3
III. APPLICATIONS one variable, express it in terms of C. 6 xy zdx+3 x y dy+12 x y zdz
A. Slope of a Curve 2 3 2 4 4
The slope of a curve y = f(x) at any point
one variable (if possible) using the D. 12 x y zdx+3 x y dy+6 xy dz
conditions of the problem. 9. Find the approximate change in
is identical to the derivative of the function 4. Differentiate the equation and
dy/dx or y’. equate to zero. y=3 x 2 −x 1/2 from 2 to 2.004.
B. Rate of Change F. Time Rates A. 0.0544 C. 0.0433
The derivative of a function is identical to If a quantity x is a function of time, the B. 0.0466 D. 0.0384
its range of change. Thus, dy/dx can also time rate of change of x is given by dx/dt. 10. The diameter and the altitude of a right
be interpreted as the rate of change of y Basic time rates: circular cone are 10 cm and 16 cm,
with respect to x. Velocity = time rate of change of respectively. Find the maximum
Time rate of change is the derivative of displacement percentage error in the volume when
any function with respect to time t. Acceleration = time rate of change of these dimensions are in error ±0.60 cm.
C. Curvature and Radius of Curvature velocity A. 11.50% C. 15.75%
Curvature refers to the rate of change of Discharge = time rate of change of B. 8.25% D. 18.25%
the direction of a curve. The curvature, k, volume 11. If y = 4cos x + sin 2x, what is the slope of
of the curve y = f(x) is: the curve when x = 2?
d2 y PRACTICE PROBLEMS: A. -2.21 C. -4.94
| | B. 0.03 D. 1.86
dx 2 2 x 2−x
k= =¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ lim 12. Find the acute angle between the two

[ )]
2 3/ 2

(
2 curves y = x2 and y = x3 + x2 + 1 at their
1+
dy 1. Evaluate x →∞ x + x .
dx point of intersection.
A. 2 C. 0 A. 63.44o C. 76.07o
The radius of curvature, , is the B. 1 D. -1 B. 71.57 o
D. 78.78o
reciprocal of the curvature, k. [ tan 2 x −2sin x ] 13. Find the equation of the normal to the
2 3/2
lim
1 [ 1+ ( y ' ) ] 3 curve 2x2 – 3xy + y – 18 = 0 at (3, 0).
2. Evaluate x →0 x .
ρ= = ¿¿ A. 0 C. 3 A. 2x + 3y – 6 = 0 C. 3x + 2y – 9=0
k ¿¿ B. 2x – 3y – 6 = 0 D. 3x – 2y – 0=0
B. Undefined D. infinity
At any point on the curve y = f(x), where x−5 14. Find the equation of the line passing
y’ and y” exist and y”  0, there is 2
x −x−20 as x through the point (8, - 4) and tangent to
associated with the curve a circle which is 3. Determine the limit of
the curve x2 + 2xy – y2 + 6x + 41 = 0.
called the circle of curvature with the approaches 5.
A. 2x – 7y – 44 = 0 C. 3x– 4y – 40=0
following equation: A. 0.333 C. 0.111
B. 7x – 2y – 64 = 0 D. 4x – 3y –44=0
B. 0.247 D. 0.254
3 15. Determine the sub-tangent of the curve x2
( 2 x+ 1 ) + 2x – 32y + 1 = 0 at a point where the
lim
4. Evaluate x →∞ x3 slope is 1.
A. 8 C. 7 A. 10 units C. 11.31 units
 B. 9.13 units D. 8 units abscissa and the ordinate change at B. 50.45 m2 D. 45.50 m2
16. Find the sub-normal of the curve y = x3 at equal rates. 38. Find the volume of the smallest cone that
(2, 8). A. (-1/2, 9/4) C. (1/2, 25/4) can be circumscribed about a sphere of
A. 98 units C. 94 units B. (-3/2, ¼) D. (3/2. 49/4) radius 8 cm.
B. 96 units D. 92 units 29. A kite, at a height of 60 ft, is moving A. 4,688.73 cc C. 4,032.82 cc
17. Find the slope of the curve r = sin2  at  horizontally at a rate of 5 ft/sec away from B. 4,419.01 cc D. 4,289.51 cc
= /3. the boy who flies it. How fast is the cord 39. A cardboard box manufacturer wishes to
A. 4.24 C. -5.20 being released when 100 ft are out? make boxes from rectangular pieces of
B. 5.20 D. -4.24 A. 3.28 ft/s C. 4.28 ft/s cardboard 30 cm by 40 cm by cutting
18. Find the angle between the radius vector B. 3 ft/s D. 4 ft/s squares from four corners. Find the
and the tangent line of the curve r = aSec 30. A circular cylinder block 24 cm in largest volume contained by each box.
2 at  = /8. diameter is inserted vertically at a rate of A. 3,042.30 cc C. 3,062.30 cc
A. 18.43o C. 26.57o 8 cm/s into a liquid contained in a circular B. 3,032.30 cc D. 3,052.30 cc
B. 63.43o D. 71.57o cylindrical tank 50 cm in diameter. Find 40. Find the shortest distance of the point (6,
19. Find the point of inflection of the curve y = the rate at which the liquid surface is 3) to the parabola y = x2.
3x5 + 5x4. rising. A. 4.47 units C. 4.12 units
A. (1, 8) C. (0, 0) A. 2.88 cm/s C. 2.00 cm/s B. 4.36 units D. 4.24 units
B. (1, 0) D. (-1, 2) B. 2.50 cm/s D. 2.40 cm/s 41. A body of weight W = 120 N is pulled
20. Find the radius of curvature of the ellipse 31. A particle moves to the left on the along a horizontal plane by a force
16x2 + 9y2 = 144 at (0, 4). parabola y2 + 8x – 16 = 0, where x and y inclined at an angle  measured from the
A. 2.25 units C. 2.50 units are in meters, with a constant speed of 12 horizontal. The angle of friction between
B. 2.75 units D. 2 units m/s. Find the horizontal component of the the plane and the body is 0.30. Find the
21. Find the center of curvature of the curve y velocity when the particle is 3 m from the least value of force F to impend motion.
= sin x at (/2, 1). origin. A. 31.02 N C. 39.16 N
A. (/2, ½) C. (/2, 0) A. 6.93 m/s C. 9.80 m/s B. 36.00 N D. 34.48 N
B. (/3, ½) D. (/3, 0) B. 6 m/s D. 1.39 m/s 42. The cost of fuel per hour for running a
22. If s = t2 – t3, where s is the distance in 32. A man is walking towards a building 15 m ship is proportional to the cube of the
meters and t is the time in seconds, find high. A billboard 4 m high is located on speed and is P1,350 per hour when the
the velocity when the rate of change of top of the building. How fast is the speed is 12 miles per hour. Other costs
the velocity is zero. subtended angle of the billboard changing amount to P6,400 per hour regardless of
A. ¾ m/s C. 1/3 m/s when the man is 20 m from the building? the speed. Find the speed that makes the
B. 2/3 m/s D. ½ m/s The eye level of the man is 1.50 m above cost minimum.
23. Water flows into a conical tank at the rate the ground. A. 16 mph C. 15 mph
of 2 m3/s. The conical tank is 4 m across A. 0.813o/s C. 0.381o/s B. 12.8 mph D. 20 mph
the top and 6 m deep. When the depth of B. 0.183 /s o
D. 0.318o/s 43. Two vertical poles 15 ft and 20 ft high and
water is 5 m, how fast is the wetted 33. A light is placed on the ground 32 feet 21 ft apart are to be reinforced by a wire
surface area of the tank changing? from a building. A man 6 feet tall walks connected to the top of the pole and tied
A. 2.40 m2/s C. 2.53 m2/s from the light towards the building at a to a stake driven in the ground between
B. 2.16 m2/s D. 2.77 m2/s rate of 6 ft/sec. Find the rate at which his the poles. At what distance from the
24. Water is flowing into a spherical tank 24 shadow on the building is decreasing shorter pole should the stake be for the
m in diameter at a rate of 2 cu.m/s. Find when he is 16 ft from the building. wire to be minimum?
the rate of water rise after 40 minutes. A. 5.10 ft/s C. 3.40 ft/s A. 9 ft C. 11 ft
A. 0.0092 m/s C. 0.0144 m/s B. 6.80 ft/s D. 4.50 ft/s B. 10 ft D. 12 ft
B. 0.0180 m/s D. 0.0046 m/s 34. Two spheres of radii 5 cm and 12 cm are 44. The strength of a rectangular beam varies
25. At a certain instant, the dimensions of a 36 cm apart on center. If a source of light as the product of the width and the
rectangular parallelepiped are 4, 5, and 6 is placed along their line of centers, how square of the depth. Find the area of the
feet, and they are each increasing, far must it be from the center of the strongest beam that can be cut from a
respectively, at the rates of 1, 2, and 3 smaller sphere so that the greatest circular log of diameter 300 mm.
feet per second. At what rate is the surface area is illuminated? A. 38,729.83 mm3 C. 36,055.51 mm3
volume increasing? A. 4.08 cm C. 7.63 cm B. 42,426.42 mm3 D. 37,416.57 mm3
A. 118 cu.ft/s C. 138 cu.ft/s B. 6.47 cm D. 5.21 cm 45. A particle travels around the limacon r = 3
B. 124 cu.ft/s D. 142 cu.ft/s 35. Find the largest area of an isosceles + 2cos  with a constant angular velocity
26. The sides of a triangle measuring 40 m, triangle with vertex at (0, 2) that is of 2 rad/s, where r is in meters and  in
32 m, and 16 m increase at the rates of 2 inscribed in the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 = 36. radians. Find the velocity and
m/s, 5 m/s, and 3 m/s, respectively. How A. 6.36 sq. units C. 7.79 sq. units acceleration of the particle when  = /2.
fast is the area of the triangle changing? B. 7.09 sq. units D. 5.20 sq. units A. v = 6.51 m/s; a = 24 m/s2
A. 102.06 m2/s C. 113.69 m2/s 36. Determine the area of the largest B. v = 5.77 m/s; a = 25 m/s2
B. 138.42 m2/s D. 127.33 m2/s rectangle that can be inscribed in a C. v = 8.49 m/s; a = 18 m/s2
27. Find the rate at which the volume of a parabola having a base of 6 m and an D. v = 7.21 m/s; a = 20 m/s2
right circular cylinder of constant altitude altitude of 10 m. The base of the parabola
of 10 ft changes with respect to its is perpendicular to its axis.
diameter when the radius is 5 feet. A. 17.89 m2 C. 20 m2
A. 25 cfs C. 40 cfs B. 23.09 m 2
D. 54.54 m2
B. 50 cfs D. 60 cfs 37. Find the largest area of a parabola that
28. In the equation x2 + 4x –y + 4 = 0, find the can be inscribed in a right circular cone
coordinate of the point where the with a radius 4 m and an altitude of 11 m.
A. 54.50 m2 C. 40.55 m2