AIT Share

CE75.07 – Performance Based Seismic Design

Module 2: Nonlinear behavior and modeling of structural components
Lecture 2.2: Modeling for Nonlinear Analysis

Dr. Naveed Anwar

Executive Director, AIT Solutions|Director, ACECOMS
Affiliated Faculty, Structural Engineering
 About This Lecture
• Describes various sources of nonlinearity in the tall buildings

• Describes concepts related to nonlinear modeling of columns.

• Describes concepts related to nonlinear modeling of beams

under.

• Describes concepts related to nonlinear modeling of shear

walls.

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

3
 Learning Outcomes
• Understand the concepts of geometric nonlinearity, and material
nonlinearity.

• Understand concept of column rotation, PMM column hinges and

PMM Column Fiber in nonlinear modeling of columns

• Understand concept of plastic hinges, moment hinges and shear

hinger in nonlinear modeling of beams

• Understand concept of nonlinear layered shell element and fiber

section of shell element for nonlinear modeling of shear walls.

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

4
 Nonlinear Modeling

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

5
 Basic Sources of Nonlinearity

Geometrical Nonlinearities

• P-Delta Effect
• Buckling Effect
• Large Displacement Effect

Material Nonlinearities

• Cracking in Concrete
• Crushing in Concrete
• Yielding in Steel
• Creep and Shrinkage (time-dependent)

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

6
 Geometrical Nonlinearity

Snap-through instability
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design
7
 Geometrical Nonlinearity

Equilibrium Undeformed position Deformed position Deformed position

(minor approximations)
Compatibility Linear Linear Nonlinear
relationships
Geometric Ignored Considered Considered
nonlinearity approximately
Modeling for Structural Analysis, Behavior and Basics, Graham H. Powell
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design
8
 P-Δ Effect in Cantilever Column

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

9
 Material Nonlinearity
Concrete Steel

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

10
 Nonlinear Concrete Material – SAP2000

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

11
 Nonlinear Concrete Material – SAP2000

Unconfined
concrete

Confined
concrete

Mander, J., Priestley, M., and Park,

R. (1988). ”Theoretical Stress‐Strain
Model for Confined Concrete.” J.
Struct. Eng.

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

12
 Nonlinear Concrete Material – SAP2000

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

13
 Material Nonlinearity

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

14
 Geometrical and Material Nonlinearities
Linear

Geometrical
Nonlinear

Material Nonlinear

Geometrical &
Material Nonlinear

Matrix Structural Analysis, 2nd, William Mcguire, Richard H. Gallagher, Ronald D. Ziemian

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

15
 Force-Deformation Relationship

PEER/ATC 72-1


Beam test subassembly as performed by Popov et al. (1972)
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design
16
 Force-Deformation Relationship

Modeling for Structural Analysis, Behavior and Basics, Graham H. Powell

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

17
 Force-Deformation Relationship

Lightly-Reinforced Wall Segments, John Wallace, UCLA

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

18
 Force-Deformation Relationship
1 2

4
3

ASCE 41-13 19
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design
 Generalized Force-Deformation Relationship

• RC beam rotation • RC infill frame • Coupling beam (shear

controlled)
• RC column rotation
• RC beam-column joint
• Slab-beam connection
• Coupling beam (flexural
controlled)

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

20
 Columns

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

21
 Columns under Gravity and Lateral Load

Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

22
 Columns under Gravity and Lateral Load

Axial, flexural, and shearing actions on a column.

Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

23
 Effect of Axial Force on Ductile Limit

PERFORM 3D, User Guide, CSI, Page. 5-24

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

24
 Nonlinear Modeling

Idealized models of beam-column elements.

NIST GCR 10-917-5, Page 4

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

25
 PMM Columns Hinges

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design SAP2000 26

 Column Rotation

27
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design ASCE 41-13
 PMM Column Fiber

Concrete

Steel Rebar

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

28
SAP2000
 Beams

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

29
 Beam Element with Moment Hinge Model

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

30
 Beams
Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

31
 Beams

Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

32
 Plastic Hinge

PERFORM Components and Elements, CSI

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design
33
 Moment Hinges

3-16 mm Ø

2-16 mm Ø

Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design
34
 Shear Hinges

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

35
 Acceptance Criteria – RC Beams

36
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design ASCE 41-13
 Shear Walls

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

37
 Structural Walls

Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design
38
 Equilibrium Equations

Wall Shear Wall Moment

(Axial Strains)

Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

39
 Structural Walls

Tensile

Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design
40
 Nonlinear Layered Shell Elements – SAP 2000

SECTION 1

Top bar
Section (1)
Concrete

Bottom bar

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

41
 Fiber Section of Shell Elements – Perform 3D

Fiber section for membrane behavior of a wall

Actual
Wall

Steel
fibers
+
Concrete
fibers

Modeling for Structural Analysis, Behavior and

Basics. Graham H. Powell
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design
42
 Fiber Section of Shell Elements – Perform 3D

CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design

43
Thank you for
watching