PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

1. Understanding the philosophy of ethics, morality, values, social norms, and standards.
Ethics is the study and philosophy of human conduct, with emphasis on the
determination of right or wrong, the basic principles of action, with reference to a particular
person, profession, etc.
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that examines the concepts of right and wrong in
human behavior as a field of study. Acts, conduct, and attitudes can be classified as right or
wrong. As a result, ethicists examine the morality of actions like upholding promises, telling the
truth, maintaining honesty, deceit, and compassion.
In the other hand, good and bad are attributes that define ends, aims, and intentions. As
a result, ethicists look at the motives for living and working, as well as the goals that should be
met in order to live a good life and the motivations that should drive people's life
choices(Porter,1980).
Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy concerned with the
systematization, defense, and recommendation of principles of right and wrong conduct. The
term ethics comes from the Ancient Greek ethikos, which comes from the word ethos, which
means "habit, tradition." Ethics, like aesthetics, is concerned with questions of meaning, and
hence belongs to the branch of philosophy known as axiology.
Other definitions:
 The study of human morality.
 Research into human motivation and, essentially, rational behavior.
 Morality
 “The moral principles that rule a person or a profession”
 It provides answers to the questions, "What do I do?" and "How do I do it?"
 It is the study of what is correct and incorrect in human endeavors.
It is the process by which we categorize and follow our ideals at a more fundamental
level.
Morality

 descriptively to refer to certain codes of conduct put forward by a society or a group (such
as a religion), or accepted by an individual for her own behavior, or
 normatively to refer to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put
forward by all rational people.

Morality translates theories of right and wrong into action, while ethics explains theories
of right and wrong. As a result, morality is nothing more than the practice of ethics.
 Doing the right thing, whatever that might be, is what ethics is all about. The "right thing"
is determined by the ideals that culture cherishes.
The idea behind ethical principles is that right is always right and wrong is always wrong.
When officers fail to do the right thing, particularly when they do something that is
obviously and blatantly wrong, they further erode public trust and undermine law enforcement's
ability to work with the community and carry out its task.
Following high ethical standards, then, is as important as any other strategy, technique,
or procedure in achieving the ultimate objective of modern policing.
“Standard concepts of ethics have traditionally included such phrases as ‘the science of
the ideal human character' or ‘the science of moral duty,” according to Rushworth Kidder. “A
collection of concepts and values that direct us in deciding what action benefits or harms
sentient creatures,” say Richard William Paul and Linda Elder.
The term "ethics" is "commonly used interchangeably with 'morality,' and sometimes it is
used more broadly to mean the moral values of a particular culture, community, or person,"
according to the Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy.
Most people confuse ethics with behaving in accordance with social norms, religious
values, and the law, according to Paul and Elder, and do not treat ethics as a separate term.
In English, the term ethics may refer to a variety of things. It may refer to a project called
philosophical ethics or moral philosophy, which aims to use reason to address a variety of
ethical questions. In an attempt to understand moral philosophy, English philosopher Bernard
Williams writes “What makes an inquiry a philosophical one is reflective generally and a style if
argument that claims to be rationally persuasive.” The focus of this field of research, according
to Williams, is on the broad question of "how one should live."
Ethics may also refer to a general human capacity to consider ethical issues that is not
limited to philosophy. “Ethics, understood as the capacity to think critically about moral principles
and guide our behavior in terms of those values, is a generic human capacity,” writes bioethicist
Larry Churchill. Ethics may also be used to define an individual's own idiosyncratic moral code.
Ethics may also be used to characterize a person's own set of idiosyncratic values or behaviors.
“Joe, for example, has peculiar ethics”.
Ethics vs. Morality

Ethics Morality
What is it? The accepted rules of Principles or patterns relating
behavior for a specific class to right and wrong conduct. It
of human actions or a specifies how things can be
specific community, society, done in accordance with a
or other entity. It specifies person's values and beliefs.
how things should be in
accordance with the law.
Social Social system / External Individual / Internal
Why we do it? It is the best thing to do, We assume that everything is
according to society. either right or wrong.
Flexibility Ethics are described by the Usually consistent, but can
 actions of others. They are vary depending on an
usually consistent within a individual's beliefs.
given context, but they may
differ between contexts.

Values

 are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another. They serve as a
guide for human behavior.
1. Values are the object of human ambition and striving, as well as a subjective judgment of a
given object's goodness.
2. Our values are our convictions, or what we believe to be real. As a result, ideals motivate us
to strive for our immediate and ultimate goals.
3. Values refer to things, person, ideas or goals which are important to life; they enable us to
direct, understand, and evaluate our lives. Thus, they refer to our ideals and our principles by
which we live. Further, values are those which we want, accept, confident with, appreciate and
rewards.
Properties of Values
1. Values are subjective – when we say that values are subjective, we mean that their
existence and significance are contingent on the subject's feelings or attitudes.
2. Values are objective – when we say values are objective, we mean that their life and
essence are unaffected by the presence or absence of a subject.
3. Values are relative- which means that they have inherent limitations and flaws.
4. Values are bipolar- which means that they don't live in isolation; they still coexist with their
polar opposites. As a result, ideals may be positive or negative.
5. Values are hierarchical – when we say values are hierarchical, we don't mean that they are
classified, but rather that they are ranked. When we rank values, we create a hierarchy of
importance. Prioritizing values is the closest analogy to rating values.
Organizational Values
Every company has core principles that it adheres to. It will assist in the organization's survival.
Organizational values are formed in the same way that individual values are developed.

Ethics and law

Customary ethics, not laws, have been the primary cause of social compliance,
according to legal precedent. For example,
1.Hammurabi's code (1726-1686 BC) did not introduce new rules but merely reaffirmed existing
customs,
2.In his Republic, Plato places a greater emphasis on the development of a polis—a perfect
city—where laws are unnecessary. The polis's leaders were supposed to be "men of gold," with
collective rationality and wisdom.
3.Common Law, which arose under Norman rule primarily to regulate "ruffians."
4.The tradition of chivalry, which was common among English noblemen at the time, did not
need legal backing because it was "law unto itself."
5.The high degree of social order found in traditional Islamic societies, despite the fact that there
are very few positive laws.
Ethics law
Study of human motivation We're more concerned about what we do
than with how we feel.
Study of external actions. It explores Concerned about the act's externality
thoughts and feelings.
Requires that man desires that of which is Requires us to perform the necessary
good and act in accordance with that action regardless of our feelings about it
desire
Addresses all human activities Refers to the types of activities that
legislators want to control.
Seeks to change people from the inside Attempt to transform people from the
outward outside in.
Ethical principles are constant, universal Laws change all the time.
and everlasting
Solidly based on the reasoning process “Logical instrument” of social influence that
essential to appropriate discretion aren't always the product of wisdom
Prescriptive in nature Instrument that is primarily reactive.
Dependent upon knowledge, rationality Legal processes and complex rules of
and goodwill proof are needed for their efficacy.

Since law may be either moral or immoral, morality has a broader meaning than law. As
a result, what is legal is not always moral; nevertheless, what is moral is worth legalizing. Ethics
is not merely a collection of dos and don'ts, as is the case for rules.
Personal obligation to uphold what is real and good is referred to as ethics. The aim of
ethics is to cultivate a "correct temperament and inner spirit" for embracing what is permissible.
The relationship between the fields of ethics and law must be clarified.
The aim of ethics is not to decide or substitute the law, but to supplement it by deferring
to the law's spirit and equity laws.

Human Acts Acts of Man

Man's consciously and voluntarily Actions that take place in a person's life
performed actions
Deliberate or intentional actions, or They are instinctive and not under the
voluntary power of the will.
Actions, are the product of conscious Biological and physiological changes in
knowledge and are subject to the power of humans, such as metabolism, respiration,
the will. anxiety, rage, love, and envy.
It necessitates the rationality of man. It does not necessitate the rationality of
man.
It necessitates intelligence, liberty, and Done without permission, without
voluntarism (elements of human acts) understanding, and against one's will.

It does not necessitate the independence

and will of man.
Man accepts accountability for his actions. It does not absolve a person of
responsibility for his actions.

Morality is the characteristic of human actions that determines whether they are good,
evil, or indifferent.

Social Norms

 rules of behavior; are the unwritten rules of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are
considered acceptable in a particular social group or culture. Norms provide us with an
expected idea of how to behave, and function to provide order and predictability in
society.
Standards

 something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison;

an approved model.
 a rule or principle that is used as a basis for judgment

Professionalism is a sort of self- and other-respect. When people are looking at you,
professionalism isn't about the money or the standards. Professionalism is a collection of
attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that are sometimes referred to as "virtue" or "good character."
There are two traits that all attitudes and behaviors share in common. For starters, both are the
result of our beliefs. Then there is the pow.
First, both are the result of our beliefs. Second, we have the power to select our attitudes
and behaviors. Professionalism begins with a change of heart and mind, which leads to a
change of behavior. Our attitude will change as a result of a change in conduct.
Professionalism is defined as the behavior and attributes that distinguish one
profession from another. Professionalism in policing requires that the role of police officer be
viewed as a profession rather than a job. A profession is a calling that necessitates specialized
knowledge and formal education.

Given that we cannot see into a person's heart, it is critical to stay modest and cautious
when judging others' character based on limited facts. It is critical for us to recognize that
criticizing our behavior is exactly what others will do to us. In fact, there are individuals who will
wait in ambush for the first evidence of moral indiscretion and pounce unmercifully.
 We must not become concentrated on outer behaviors at the expense of inner attitudes
and beliefs as we build comprehension of our own professional development needs. Consider
the most basic relationship between beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors: beliefs cause our attitudes,
which then cause our behaviors.

A good place to start is with the attitude of "respect," and a person must first respect
himself before he can respect others.

According to John Herschel, “Self-respect is the cornerstone of all virtue” and “the
way to procure insults is to submit to them. “A man meets with no more respect than he
exacts” said by William Hazlitt.

Professionalism also demands that people be treated with respect, as best exemplified
by "The Golden Rule”.

In the Holy Bible, Galatians 5:14 says “For all the law is fulfilled in one word,
even in this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself…”

Luke 6:31 also says that “Just as you want others to do for you, do the same
for them.”

"II. Relate and demonstrate the Professional Regulation Commission Oath and Philippine
Registered Criminologists Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 11131
AN ACT REGULATING THE PRACTICE OF CRIMINOLOGY PROFESSION IN THE
PHILIPPINES, AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, REPEALING FOR THE
PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6506, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS "AN ACT CREATING THE
BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CRIMINOLOGISTS IN THE PHILIPPINES"
The Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018".
The State recognizes the importance of criminology profession in national security,
public safety, peace and order, and in nation-building and development. Hence, it shall develop
and nurture competent, virtuous, productive and well-rounded criminologists whose standards of
professional practice and service shall be excellent, qualitative, world- class and globally
competitive through sacred, honest, effective and credible licensure examinations, coupled with
programs and activities that would promote professional growth and development.
Professional Regulation Commission
Code of Ethics for Criminologists
Article I
PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST
a. The primary responsibility of every person admitted to the practice of Criminology as a
Registered Criminologist is to bear faithful allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and be
loyal to his profession. They shall accept as a sacred obligation and responsibility as citizens to
support the Constitution of the Philippines and as a Registered Criminologist to defend the
principles of liberty as defined in the Constitution and Laws.
b. As a Registered Criminologist, they shall strive to improve their effectiveness by diligent study
and sincere attention to improvement and welcome the opportunity to disseminate practical and
useful information relating to matters accruing to the benefit of public safety and welfare.
Article 2
LIMITATION OF AUTHORITY
a. The first duty of a criminologist as upholder of the law is to know its bounds upon him, be
aware of limitations and prescriptions and recognize the system of government that gives to no
man group or institution absolute power. He must ensure that he is prime defender of that
system and as such must never pervert its character.
b. They shall in the performance of their duty be just, impartial and reasonable, never according
anyone more preferential treatment than another. They shall recognize the limitation of their
authority and at no time use the power of their profession for personal advantage.
Article 3
PRIVATE CONDUCT
a. The Registered Criminologist must be mindful of his special identification by the public as an
upholder of the law. He must never be lax in conduct or manner in private life, express
disrespect for the law, nor seek to gain special privilege that would be reflective upon the
profession. He must so conduct his private life that the public will regard him as an example of
stability fidelity and morality.
b. He must strive to elevate the standing of the profession in the public mind, strengthen public
confidence in law enforcement, develop and maintain complete support and cooperation of the
public and insure the effectiveness by encouraging complete cooperation of members for their
mutual benefit.
Article 4
CONDUCT TOWARDS THE PUBLIC
a. The Criminologists remind at all times that dignity, fairness and a genuine willingness to help
are essential to their public image and their ability to do a good job.
b. The Criminologists mindful of their responsibility to the whole community, deal with individuals
of the community in a manner calculated to in still respect for its laws and their profession. c.
They shall be habitually courteous and accept their responsibility by being punctual and
expeditious in their engagements and duties. They shall regard their profession as a public trust
and in the discharge of their duties, bear constantly in mind their obligation to serve the public
efficiently and effectively.
Article 5
ATTITUDE TOWARDS PROFESSION
a. The criminologists shall strive to make the best application of science to the solution of crime,
by diligent study and sincere attention to self-improvement, and in the fields of human
relationships, strive for effective leadership and public influence in matters affecting public safety.
b. He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his profession as an honourable one
rendering valuable service to his community and country. They shall strive to attain certain of the
most withering cross examination particularly from fellow criminologists and associates.
c. He shall avoid outside influence from overzealous and overanxious clients and his findings
shall be based solely and entirely on logical and scientific deduction derived from a fair and
impartial examination personally performed by him.
d. He must never lose sight of the important fact that he should know only work for the
identification, apprehension and conviction of criminals, but must strive with greater if not equal
vigour to clear the innocent.
Article 6
ATTITUDE TOWARDS FELLOW CRIMINOLOGISTS
a. The Criminologists shall strive constantly to improve professional standing of Criminology
through association with others in the profession and keeping abreast with the fast moving world
of science and technology through constant research and development.
b. He shall cooperate fully with fellow criminologists regardless of personal prejudice. He should
however, be assured that such action is proper and in accordance with law and guard against
the use of this office or person, knowingly or unknowingly in any improper or illegal action. He
always bear in mind at all times that it is not sufficient to be proficient in ones work; he must also
have a high sense of justice, a belief in the dignity and worth of all men and a proper motivation
and attitude. He must possess a sense of dedication to his profession and a sense of duty and
obligation to his fellowmen.
c. He shall cooperate with fellow criminologists and public officials to the end that the safety and
general welfare of the public will be assured, never permitting jealousies or personal differences
to influence their professional duties and obligations.
Article 7
CODE OF ETHICS
The universally accepted Code of Ethics for Law Enforcement shall be temporarily adopted
pending formulation of a more specific code that embraces all aspects of Criminology.
Republic Act No. 11131

For the professionalization of the Criminology profession in the Philippines was created
through Republic Act No. 6506 which also created the Board of Examiners for Criminologists.
RA 6506 was amended by Republic Act No. 11131. It is otherwise known as The Philippine
Criminology Profession Act 2018, effectively repeals RA 6506 that created the Board of
Examiners for criminologists in the country.

RA 11131 regulates criminologists' examinations, registration, certification and licensure;

regulation on the practice of criminology and privileges of Registered Criminologist.

The Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists is responsible for administering,

supervising, and monitoring the license, examination, registration, membership, and practice of
criminology.
 The board is also responsible for promulgating and issuing rules and regulations, as well
as adopting a Code of Ethics and Good Governance for criminology practice.

To pass the criminologist licensure examination, a candidate must have a weighted

average of 75 percent and no grade below 60 percent in any subject.

Registered Criminologists are also required to recite the professional criminologist oath
during oath-taking ceremonies.

Law Enforcement Code of Ethics

As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard
lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception; the weak against oppression or
intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the constitutional
rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice.
I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all; maintain courageous calm in the
face of danger, scorn or ridicule; develop self-restraint; and be constantly mindful of the welfare
of others.
Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and official life, I will be exemplary in
obeying the laws of the land and the regulation of my department.
Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my official
capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty.
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices animosities or
friendships to influence my decisions.
With the compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution or criminals, I will enforce
the law courteously and appropriately without fear or favor malice or ill will, never employing
unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities.
I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a public
trust to be held so long as I am true to the other of the police service.
I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives, and ideals, dedicating myself before
God to my chosen profession...law enforcement.
 Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) Oath

PANUNUMPA NG PROPESYONAL

Ako, si _____________________________________________________________, ng
____________________________________________________________________________
(Pook na Sinilangan, Bayan/Lungsod, Probinsya)
ay taimtim na nanunumpa na itataguyod ko at ipagtatanggol ang Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas, na
ako ay tunay na mananalig at tatalima rito; na susundin ko ang mga batas, mga utos na legal, at
mga atas na ipinahayag ng mga sadya ng itinakdang may kapangyarihan ng Republika ng
Pilipinas; at kusa kung babalikatin ang pananagutang ito, na walang anomang pasubali o
hangaring umiwas.
Taimtim pa rin akong manunumpa na salahat ng panahon at pook na kinaroroonan ay mahigpit
akong manghahawakan sa mga etikal at tuntuning propesyonal ng mga
_______________________ sa Pilipinas, at marapat kong gagampanan ng buong husay sa
(Propesyon)
abot ng aking makakaya ang mga tungkulin at pananagutang iniatang sa isang itinakdang
________________________.
(Propesyon)

Kasiwahan Nawa ako ng Diyos.

Civil Service Code of Ethics

Any person in the services of the Republic of the Philippines should:

1. Respect and uphold the Constitution and Laws of the Republic of the Philippines.
2. Observe the highest standard of morality, integrity, honesty, loyalty and devotion to
public wealth.
3. Perform his/her task or duty thoroughly, faithfully and efficiently.
4. Be physically and mentally fit for public service and live within his/her income.
5. Expose corrupt practices in the public service.
6. Serve the public courteously; justly and impartially regardless of kinship, friendship,
social standing, religious or political differences.
7. Discharge duties promptly without thoughts of gifts, benefits or any remuneration which
may influence the proper performance of official functions.
8. Engage in no business with the government or with any private party, either directly or
indirectly, which will be inconsistent with his position as public servant.
9. Divulge no confidential information coming to him by the nature of his office or duties.
10. Uphold, respect, an observe these principles, ever conscious that public office is a public
trust which he should neither violate nor should he allow suspicion to arise that such
trust has been abused or betrayed.
 PANATA SA BAGONG PILIPINAS

Bilang Pilipino, buong pagmamalaki kong

isasabuhay ang Bagong Pilipinas.

Buhay sa aking dugo ang lahing dakila,

magiting at may dangal

Palaging dadalhin sa puso, isip at diwa ang

aking pagmamahal sa kultura at bayang sinilangan;

Kaisa ng bawat mamamayan, iaalay ko ang aking talino

at kasanayan sa pagpapaunlad ng aking Bayan;

Taglay ang galing na naaayon sa mga

pandaigdigang pamantayan;

Magiging instrumento ako sa pagsulong ng kagalingan,

karunungan at kapayapaan.

Makikiisa at makikilahok ako sa mga adhikain

ng pamahalaan dahil ang kaunlaran ay
hindi lamang responsibilidad ng iilan.

Isusulong at pangangalagaan ko ang karangalan,

kalayaan at interes ng aking bayang minamahal;

Bilang Pilipino na may pagmamahal, pakialam at malasakit;

hindi makasarili kundi para sa mas nakakarami;
tatahakin ko ang landas tungo sa isang
Bagong Pilipinas!

Code of Ethics or Ethical Doctrine and Standards in the Tri-Bureau

A. Philippine National Police

PNP Ethical Doctrine

The PNP Ethical Doctrine was culled from the PNP Code of Professional Conduct and
Ethical Standards (COPCES). The adoption of the PNP Code of conduct as an Ethical
Doctrine reinforces the former as an effective instrument in the moral values' internalization in
the PNP.

B. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

In the performance of duty, a BJMP personnel shall adhere to and observe the following
ethical standards:

1. Morality - All BJMP members shall adhere to high standard of morality and decency and shall
set good examples for others to follow. Hence,among others, they shall be faithful to their
spouses and refrain from having any illicit relationship and in no instance during their term of
office shall they be involved as owners, operators, managers or investors in any house of ill-
repute, intoxication, illegal gambling den or other places devoted to vices; nor shall they
patronize such places.

2. Judicious Use Of Authority - BJMP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of
authority in the performance of their duty and in no case shall it be used to exact favors from
inmates, nor such favors given in exchange for uncommon or extra privileges.

3. Integrity - BJMP members shall not allow themselves to commit corrupt and dishonest
practices such as allowing inmates to escape or giving them special treatment for a fee or for
whatever consideration.

4. Justice -BJMP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of others so that they can
fulfil their duties and exercise their rights as human beings in whatever role or capacity and see
to it that others do likewise.

5. Humility - All BJMP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not
masters of the people and toward this end, they should perform their duties without arrogance.
They should also recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities and limitations as individuals and
perform their duties without attracting attention or expecting the applause of others.

6. Orderliness - BJMP members shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned
to them to minimize waste in the use of time, money, resources and effort.

7. Perseverance - Once a decision is made, all BJMP members shall take legitimate means to
achieve the goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties, and despite anything which
might weaken their resolve in the course of time.

C. Bureau of Fire Protection

Section I. Standards of BFP Professionalism All firefighters shall perform their duties
with utmost commitment, competence and integrity in the application of their knowledge and
skills.

III. Learn and observe the Oath of Office for Public Officers and Employees, and Code of
Conduct and Ethical Standards among Government Officials and Employees (R.A. 6713).

Republic Act No. 6713

February 20, 1989
"CODE OF CONDUCT & ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS & EMPLOYEES."
Foundation:
It is the policy of the State to promote a high standard of ethics in public service. Public
officials and employees shall at all times be accountable to the people and shall discharge their
duties with utmost responsibility, integrity, competence, and loyalty, act with patriotism and
justice, lead modest lives, and uphold public interest over personal interest.
Definition of Terms:
(a) "Government"
includes the National Government, the local governments, and all other instrumentalities,
agencies or branches of the Republic of the Philippines including government-owned or
controlled corporations, and their subsidiaries.
(b) "Public Officials"
includes elective and appointive officials and employees, permanent or temporary,
whether in the career or non-career service, including military and police personnel, whether or
not they receive compensation, regardless of amount.
(c) "Gift"
refers to a thing or a right to dispose of gratuitously, or any act or liberality, in favor of
another who accepts it and shall include a simulated sale or an ostensibly onerous disposition
thereof. It shall not include an unsolicited gift of nominal or Insignificant value not given in
anticipation of, or in exchange for, a favor from a public official or employee.
(d) "Receiving any gift"
includes the act of accepting directly or indirectly, a gift from a person other than a
member of his family or relative as defined in this Act, even on the occasion of a family
celebration or national festivity like Christmas, if the value of the gift is neither nominal nor
insignificant, or the gift is given in anticipation of, or in exchange for, a favor.
(e) "Loan"
covers both simple loan and commodatum as well as guarantees, financing
arrangements or accommodations intended to ensure its approval.
(f) "Substantial stockholder"
means any person who owns, directly or indirectly, shares of stock sufficient to elect a
director of a corporation. This term shall also apply to the parties to a voting trust.
(g) "Family of public officials or employees"
means their spouses and unmarried children under eighteen (18) years of age.
(h) "Person"
includes natural and juridical persons unless the context indicates otherwise.
(i) "Conflict of interest"
arises when a public official or employee is a member of a board, an officer, or a
substantial stockholder of a private corporation or owner or has a substantial interest in a
business, and the interest of such corporation or business, or his rights or duties therein, may
be opposed to or affected by the faithful performance of official duty.
(J) "Divestment"
is the transfer of title or disposal of interest in property by voluntarily, completely and
actually depriving or dispossessing oneself of his right or title to it in favor of a person or
persons other than his spouse and relatives as defined in this Act.
(k) "Relatives"
refers to any and all persons related to a public official or employee within the fourth civil
degree of consanguinity or affinity, including bilas, inso and balae.

Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees.

Every public official and employee shall observe the following as standards of personal
conduct in the discharge and execution of official duties:
(a) Commitment to public interest.
Public officials and employees shall always uphold the public interest over and above
personal interest. All government resources and powers of their respective offices must be
employed and used efficiently, effectively, honestly and economically, particularly to avoid
wastage in public funds and revenues.
(b) Professionalism.
Public officials and employees shall perform and discharge their duties with the highest
degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence and skill. They shall enter public service with
utmost devotion and dedication to duty. They shall endeavor to discourage wrong perceptions of
their roles as dispensers or peddlers of undue patronage.
(c) Justness and sincerity.
Public officials and employees shall remain true to the people at all times. They must act
with justness and sincerity and shall not discriminate against anyone, especially the poor and
the underprivileged. They shall at all times respect the rights of others, and shall refrain from
doing acts contrary to law, good morals, good customs, public policy, public order, public safety
and public interest. They shall not dispense or extend undue favors on account of their office to
their relatives whether by consanguinity or affinity except with respect to appointments of such
relatives to positions considered strictly confidential or as members of their personal staff whose
terms are coterminous with theirs.
(d) Political neutrality.
Public officials and employees shall provide service to everyone without unfair
discrimination and regardless of party affiliation or preference.
(e) Responsiveness to the public.
Public officials and employees shall extend prompt, courteous, and adequate service to
the public. Unless otherwise provided by law or when required by the public interest, public
officials and employees shall provide information of their policies and procedures in clear and
understandable language, ensure openness of information, public consultations and hearings
whenever appropriate, encourage suggestions, simplify and systematize policy, rules and
procedures, avoid red tape and develop an understanding and appreciation of the socio-
economic conditions prevailing in the country, especially in the depressed rural and urban areas.
(f) Nationalism and patriotism.
Public officials and employees shall at all times be loyal to the Republic and to the
Filipino people, promote the use of locally produced goods, resources and technology and
encourage appreciation and pride of country and people. They shall endeavor to maintain and
defend Philippine sovereignty against foreign intrusion.
(g) Commitment to democracy,
Public officials and employees shall commit themselves to the democratic way of life and
values, maintain the principle of public accountability, and manifest by deeds the supremacy of
civilian authority over the military. They shall at all times uphold the Constitution and put loyalty
to country above loyalty to persons or party.
(h) Simple living.
Public officials and employees and their families shall lead modest lives appropriate to
their positions and income. They shall not indulge in extravagant or ostentatious display of
wealth in any form.
The Civil Service Commission shall adopt positive measures to promote:
(1) observance of these standards including the dissemination of information programs
and workshops authorizing merit increases beyond regular progression steps, to a limited
number of employees recognized by their office colleagues to be outstanding in their
observance of ethical standards; and
(2) continuing research and experimentation on measures which provide positive
motivation to public officials and employees in raising the general level of observance of these
standards.

Duties of Public Officials and Employees.

In the performance of their duties, all public officials and employees are under obligation
to:
(a) Act promptly on letters and requests.
All public officials and employees shall, within fifteen (15) working days from receipt
thereof, respond to letters, telegrams or other means of communications sent by the public. The
reply must contain the action taken on the request.
(b) Submit annual performance reports.
All heads or other responsible officers of offices and agencies of the government and of
government-owned or controlled corporations shall, within forty-five (45) working days from the
end of the year, render a performance report of the agency or office or corporation concerned.
Such report shall be open and available to the public within regular office hours.
(c) Process documents and papers expeditiously.
All official papers and documents must be processed and completed within a reasonable
time from the preparation thereof and must contain, as far as practicable, not more than three (3)
signatories therein. In the absence of duly authorized signatories, the official next-in-rank or
officer in charge shall sign for and in their behalf.
(d) Act immediately on the public's personal transactions.
All public officials and employees must attend to anyone who wants to avail himself of
the services of their offices and must, at all times, act promptly and expeditiously.
(e) Make documents accessible to the public.
All public documents must be made accessible to, and readily available for inspection by,
the public within reasonable working hours.

Prohibited Acts and Transactions.

In addition to acts and omissions of public officials and employees now prescribed in the
Constitution and existing laws, the following shall constitute prohibited acts and transactions of
any public official and employee and are hereby declared to be unlawful:
(a) Financial and material interest.

 Public officials and employees shall not, directly or indirectly, have any financial or
material interest in any transaction requiring the approval of their office.
(b) Outside employment and other activities related thereto.

 Public officials and employees during their incumbency shall not:

(1) Own, control, manage or accept employment as officer, employee, consultant,
counsel, broker, agent, trustee or nominee in any private enterprise regulated, supervised or
licensed by their office unless expressly allowed by law;
(2) Engage in the private practice of their profession unless authorized by the
Constitution or law, provided, that such practice will not conflict or tend to conflict with their
official functions; or
(3) Recommend any person to any position in a private enterprise which has a regular or
pending official transaction with their office.

 These prohibitions shall continue to apply for a period of one (1) year after
resignation, retirement, or separation from public office, except in the case of
 subparagraph (b) (2) above, but the professional concerned cannot practice his
profession in connection with any matter before the office he used to be with, in which
case the one-year prohibition shall likewise apply.
(c) Disclosure and/or misuse of confidential information.

 Public officials and employees shall not use or divulge, confidential or classified
information officially known to them by reason of their office and not made available to
the public, either:
(1) To further their private interests, or give undue advantage to anyone; or
(2) To prejudice the public interest.
(d) Solicitation or acceptance of gifts.

 Public officials and employees shall not solicit or accept, directly or indirectly, any gift,
gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value from any person in the
course of their official duties or in connection with any operation being regulated by, or
any transaction which may be affected by the functions of
their office.

 As to gifts or grants from foreign governments, the Congress consents to:

i. The acceptance and retention by a public official or employee of a gift of nominal value
tendered and received as a souvenir or mark of courtesy;
il. The acceptance by a public official or employee of a gift in the nature of a scholarship
or fellowship grant or medical treatment; or
Ill. The acceptance by a public official or employee of travel grants or expenses for travel
taking place entirely outside the Philippine (such as allowances, transportation, food, and
lodging) of more than nominal value if such acceptance is appropriate or consistent with the
interests of the Philippines, and permitted by the head of office, branch or agency to which he
belongs.

 The Ombudsman shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the
purpose subsection, including pertinent reporting and disclosure requirements.
 Nothing in this Act shall be construed to restrict or prohibit any educational, scientific or
cultural exchange programs subject to national security requirements.
Statements and Disclosure.
Public officials and employees have an obligation to accomplish and submit declarations
under oath of, and the public has the right to know, their assets, liabilities, net worth and
financial and business interests including those of their spouses and of unmarried children
under eighteen (18) years of age living in their households.
(A) Statements of Assets and Liabilities and Financial Disclosure.
 All public officials and employees, except those who serve in an honorary capacity,
laborers and casual or temporary workers, shall file under oath their Statement of Assets,
 Liabilities and Net Worth and a Disclosure of Business Interests and Financial
Connections and those of their spouses and unmarried children under eighteen (18)
years of age living in their households.
 The two documents shall contain information on the following:
(a) real property, its improvements, acquisition costs, assessed value and current fair
market value;
(b) personal property and acquisition cost;
(c) all other assets such as investments, cash on hand or in banks, stocks, bonds,
and the like; (d) liabilities, and;
(e) all business interests and financial connections.
 The documents must be filed:
(b) within thirty (30) days after assumption of office;
(c) on or before April 30, of every year thereafter; and
(d) within thirty (30) days after separation from the service.
 All public officials and employees required under this section to file the aforestated
documents shall also execute, within thirty (30) days from the date of their assumption of
office, the necessary authority in favor of the Ombudsman to obtain from all appropriate
government agencies, including the Bureau of Internal Revenue, such documents as
may show their assets, liabilities, net worth, and also their business interests and
financial connections in previous years, including, if possible, the year when they first
assumed any office in the Government.
 Husband and wife who are both public officials or employees may file the required
statements jointly or separately.
 The Statements of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth and the Disclosure of Business
Interests and Financial Connections shall be filed by:
(a) Constitutional and national elective officials, with the national office of the
Ombudsman;
(b) Senators and Congressmen, with the Secretaries of the Senate and the House of
Representatives, respectively; Justices, with the Clerk of Court of the Supreme Court;
Judges, with the Court Administrator; and all national executive officials with the Office of the
President.
(c) Regional and local officials and employees, with the Deputy Ombudsman in their
respective regions;
(d) Officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, with the
Office of the President, and those below said ranks, with the Deputy Ombudsman in their
respective regions; and
(e) All other public officials and employees, defined in Republic Act No. 3019, as
amended, with the Civil Service Commission.
(B) Identification and disclosure of relatives.
It shall be the duty of every public official or employee to identify and disclose, to the
best of his knowledge and information, his relatives in the Government in the form, manner and
frequency prescribed by the Civil Service Commission.
(C) Accessibility of documents.
(1) Any and all statements filed under this Act, shall be made available for inspection at
reasonable hours.
(2) Such statements shall be made available for copying or reproduction after ten (10)
working days from the time they are filed as required by law.
(3) Any person requesting a copy of a statement shall be required to pay a reasonable
fee to cover the cost of reproduction and malling of such statement, as well as the cost of
certification.
(4) Any statement filed under this Act shall be available to the public for a period of ten
(10) years after receipt of the statement. After such period, the statement may be destroyed
unless needed in an ongoing investigation.
D) Prohibited acts.
It shall be unlawful for any person to obtain or use any statement filed under this Act for:
(a) any purpose contrary to morals or public policy; or
(b) any commercial purpose other than by news and communications media for
dissemination to the general public.
Divestment:
A public official or employee shall avoid conflicts of interest at all times. When a conflict
of interest arises, he shall resign from his position in any private business enterprise within thirty
(30) days from his assumption of office and/or divest himself of his shareholdings or interest
within sixty (60) days from such assumption.
The same rule shall apply where the public official or employee is a partner in a
partnership.
The requirement of divestment shall not apply to those who serve the Government in an
honorary capacity nor to laborers and casual or temporary workers.
Review and Compliance Procedure.
(a) The designated Committees of both Houses of the Congress shall establish
procedures for the review of statements to determine whether said statements which have been
submitted on time, are complete, and are in proper form. In the event a determination is made
that a statement is not so filed, the appropriate Committee shall so inform the reporting
individual and direct him to take the necessary corrective action.
(b) In order to carry out their responsibilities under this Act, the designated Committees
of both Houses of Congress shall have the power within their respective jurisdictions, to render
any opinion interpreting this Act, in writing, to persons covered by this Act, subject in each
instance to the approval by affirmative vote of the majority of the particular House concerned.
The individual to whom an opinion is rendered, and any other individual involved in a similar
factual situation, and who, after issuance of the opinion acts in good faith in accordance with it
shall not be subject to any sanction provided in this Act.
(c) The heads of other offices shall perform the duties stated in subsections (a) and (b)
hereof insofar as their respective offices are concerned, subject to the approval of the Secretary
of Justice, in the case of the Executive Department and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court,
in the case of the Judicial Department.
Penalties:
(a) Any public official or employee, regardless of whether or not he holds office or
employment in a casual, temporary, holdover, permanent or regular capacity, committing any
violation of this Act shall be punished with a fine not exceeding the equivalent of six (6) months'
salary or suspension not exceeding one (1) year, or removal depending on the gravity of the
offense after due notice and hearing by the appropriate body or agency. If the violation is
punishable by a heavier penalty under another law, he shall be prosecuted under the latter
statute. Violations of Sections 7, 8 or 9 of this Act shall be punishable with imprisonment not
exceeding five (5) years, or a fine not exceeding five thousand pesos (P5,000), or both, and, in
the discretion of the court of competent jurisdiction, disqualification to hold public office.
(b) Any violation hereof proven in a proper administrative proceeding shall be sufficient
cause for removal or dismissal of a public official or employee, even if no criminal prosecution is
instituted against him.
(c) Private individuals who participate in conspiracy as co-principals, accomplices or
accessories, with public officials or employees, in violation of this Act, shall be subject to the
same penal liabilities as the public officials or employees and shall be tried jointly with them.
(d) The official or employee concerned may bring an action against any person who
obtains or uses a report for any purpose prohibited by Section 8 (D) of this Act. The Court in
which such action is brought may assess against such person a penalty in any amount not to
exceed twenty-five thousand pesos (P25,000). If another sanction hereunder or under any other
law is heavier, the latter shall apply.
System of Incentives and Rewards.
A system of annual incentives and rewards is hereby established in order to motivate
and inspire public servants to uphold the highest standards of ethics. For this purpose, a
Committee on Awards to Outstanding Public Officials and Employees is hereby created
composed of the following: the Ombudsman and Chairman of the Civil Service Commission as
Co-Chairmen, and the Chairman of the Commission on Audit, and two government employees
to be appointed by the President, as members.
It shall be the task of this Committee to conduct a periodic, continuing review of the
performance of public officials and employees, in all the branches and agencies of Government
and establish a system of annual incentives and rewards to the end that due recognition is given
to public officials and employees of outstanding merit on the basis of the standards set forth in
this Act.
The conferment of awards shall take into account, among other things, the following: the
years of service and the quality and consistency of performance, the obscurity of the position,
the level of salary, the unique and exemplary quality of a certain achievement, and the risks or
temptations inherent in the work. Incentives and rewards to government officials and employees
of the year to be announced in public ceremonies honoring them may take the form of bonuses,
citations, directorships in government-owned or controlled corporations, local and foreign
scholarship grants, paid vacations and the like. They shall likewise be automatically promoted to
the next higher position with the commensurate salary suitable to their qualifications. In case
there is no next higher position or it is not vacant, sald position shall be included in the budget of
the office in the next General Appropriations Act. The Committee on Awards shall adopt its own
rules to govern the conduct of its activities.
Promulgation of Rules and Regulations, Administration and Enforcement of this Act.
The Civil Service Commission shall have the primary responsibility for the administration
and enforcement of this Act. It shall transmit all cases for prosecution arising from violations of
this Act to the proper authorities for appropriate action: Provided, however, That it may institute
such administrative actions and disciplinary measures as may be warranted in accordance with
law. Nothing in this provision shall be construed as a deprivation of the right of each House of
Congress to discipline its Members for disorderly behavior.
The Civil Service Commission is hereby authorized to promulgate rules and regulations
necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act, including guidelines for individuals who render
free voluntary service to the Government. The Ombudsman shall likewise take steps to protect
citizens who denounce acts or omissions of public officials and employees which are in violation
of this Act.
Provisions for More Stringent Standards.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed to derogate from any law, or any regulation
prescribed by any body or agency, which provides for more stringent standards for its official
and employees.
Oath of Office for Public Officers and Employees,
All public officers and employees of the government including every member of the
armed forces shall, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, take an oath or affirmation
to uphold and defend the Constitution; that he will bear true faith and allegiance to it; obey the
laws, legal orders and decrees promulgated by the duly constituted authorities; will well and
faithfully discharge to the best of his ability the duties of the office or position upon which he is
about to enter; and that he voluntarily assumes the obligation imposed by his oath of office,
without mental reservation or purpose of evasion. Copies of the oath shall be deposited with the
Civil Service Commission and the National Archives.
Officers Authorized to Administer Oath.
(1) The following officers have general authority to administer oath: Notaries public,
members of the judiciary, clerks of courts, the Secretary of the either House of the Congress of
the Philippines, of departments, bureau directors, registers of deeds, provincial governors and
lieutenant-governors, city mayors, municipal mayors and any other officer in the service of the
government of the Philippines whose appointment is vested in the President.
(2) Oaths may also be administered by any officer whose duties, as defined by law or
regulation, require presentation to him of any statement under oath.
Duty to Administer Oath.
Officers authorized to administer oaths, with the exception of notaries public, municipal
Judges and clerks of court, are not obliged to administer oaths or execute certificates save in
matters of official business; and with the exception of notaries public, the officer performing the
service in those matters shall charge no fee, unless
specifically authorized by law.

"Panunumpa ng mga Kawani sa Gobyerno"

Ako'y kawani ng Gobyerno
Tungkulin ko ang maglingkod nang tapat at mahusay
Dahil dito, Ako'y papasok nang maaga
at magtatrabaho nang lampas sa takdang oras kung kinakailangan,
Magsisilbi ako ng magalang at mabilis sa lahat ng nangangailangan;
Pangangalagaan ko ang mga gamit, at kasangakapan at iba pang pag-aari ng pamahalaan
Magiging pantay at makatarungan ang pakikitungo ko sa mga lumalapit sa aming tanggapan;
Magsasalita ako laban sa katiwalian at pagsasamantala;
Hindi ko gagamitin ang aking panunungkulan sa sarili kong kapakanan;
Hindi ako hihingi o tatanggap ng suhol;
Sisikapin kong madagdagan ang aking talino at kakayahan
Upang ang antas ng paglilingkod sa bayan ay patuloy na maltaas.
Sapagkat ako'y kawani ng gobyerno
At tungkulin ko ang maglingkod nang tapat at mahusay
Sa bayan ko at sa panahong ito;
Ako at ang aking mga kapwa kawani ay kailangan
tungo sa isang maunlad, masagana at mapayapang Pilipinas.
Sa harap ninyong lahat, ako'y taos-pusong nanunumpa.
IV. Familiarize and demonstrate the Law Enforcement Code of Professional Conduct and
Ethical Standards.
DEFINITION OF TERM:
1) Neglect of duty or non-feasance
a. Absence without official leave
b. Without sufficient excuse
c. Disregarding legal obligation to perform
2) Irregularities in the performance of duty
a. Improper performance
b. Engage in illegal gambling activities
C. Cahoots with syndicated organized crimes/criminals
3) Misconduct or malfeasance
a. An act of wrong doing
b. Ignorance of the law
c. Malice, ignores or abuse of powers
d. Improper or unlawful conduct
4) Incompetency
a. Lack of adequate ability and fitness
b. Incapacities to perform the duties as Peace Officer
5) Oppression
a. Unlawful execution
b. Excessive use of authority
c. Depriving an individual of his liberty or property against he will
d. Exercise of unlawful powers of other means
6) Dishonesty
a. Concealment or distortion of truth
b. Malversation of public funds
7) Disloyalty to the government
a. Abandonment or renunciation of one's loyalty to the government of the Philippines
b. Advocating the overthrow of the government
c. Coup d'etat
8) Violation of Law
a. Presupposes conviction or renunciation of crime penalized under RPC.
b. Committed any crimes punishable by RPC

Differences:

Code of Ethics Code of Conduct

People use ethics rules to assist them Specific behaviors are required under
make judgments. conduct regulations.

A moral code that the corporation expects The company's code of conduct outlines
its employees to adhere to. how employees are expected to conduct
Every scenario involving a code of ethics themselves.It's possible that a code of
should be accompanied with a set of behavior isn't necessarily ethically
guidelines. motivated.

Ethics are higher-order ideas. Specific action expectations are spelled

forth in a code of conduct.

All personnel may be required to follow all Employees are authorized to smoke a
safety protocols, according to a code of certain distance away from an oxygen
ethics. tank, for example, according to a code of
conduct.
Ethical standards are often broad and non- The majority of conduct rules need no
specific, and are intended to establish a judgment; you either obey or face a
set of principles or decision-making punishment, and the code lays out a
guidelines. reasonably clear set of expectations for
which activities are necessary, acceptable,
and banned.

PNP MISSION
The PNP shall enforce the law, prevent and control crime, maintain peace and order,
and ensure public safety and internal security with the active support of the community.
PNP VISION
We are committed to the vision of professional, dynamic and highly motivated PNP,
supported by a responsive community, regarded as one of the most credible national institutions
and ranked among the best in Asia.
VISION, PNP PATROLPLAN 2030
Imploring the aid of almighty by 2030, we shall be capable, effective and credible Police
service, working in partnership with a responsive community towards the attainment of a safer
place to live, to work and do business.
POLICE OFFICER'S CREED
 I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a Great Provider, and the Creator of all men and
everything dear to me. In return, I can do no less than love Him above all, by obeying
His word, seeking His guidance in the performance of my sworn duties, and honoring
Him at all times.
 I believe that respect for authority is a duty.
 I respect and uphold the Constitution, the laws of land and the applicable rules and
regulations. I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the leadership; and obey legal
orders of my superior officers.
 I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards this end, I commit myself to the
service of my fellowmen over and above my personal interest.
 I believe in the sanctity of marriage and family life. I shall set the example of decency
and morality and shall have high regard for family life and value of marital fidelity.
 I believe in the responsible dominion and stewardship over material things. I shall inhibit
myself from extravagance and ostentatious display of material things. I shall respect
private and public properties and prevent others from destroying them. I shall help
protect the environment and conserve nature to maintain ecological balance.
 I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and shall uphold the truth at
all times.
POLICE OFFICER'S PLEDGE
 I will love, serve God, my country and people
 I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal order of the duty constituted authorities;
 I will oblige myself to maintain a high standard of morality and professionalism;
 I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service; and
 I will live a decent and virtuous life to serve as an example to others.

LAW OF ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS

 As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard life
and property; to protect the innocent against deception, weak against oppression or
intimidation and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the
constitutional rights of all men, to liberty, equality and justice.
 I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all maintain courageous calm in the
face of danger, scorn or ridicule; develop self-restraint and be constantly mindful of the
welfare of the others. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and official life, I
will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and regulation of my organization.
Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my official
capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my
duty.
 I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or
friendship to influence my decision; with no compromise for crime and with relentless
prosecution of criminals, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear
or favor, malice or ill-will, never unnecessary force or violence and never accepting
gratuities in return.
  I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith and I accept it is a public
trust to held so long as I am true to the ethics of the police service. I will never engage in
acts of corruption or bribery, nor will I condone such acts by other police officers. I will
cooperate with legally authorized agencies and their representatives in the pursuit of
justice.
 I know that I alone and responsible for my own standard of professional performance
and will take every reasonable opportunity to enhance and improve my level of
knowledge and competence. I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives and
ideas, dedicating myself before God to chosen profession Law Enforcement.
CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
The following are the canons of police ethics:
1) Primordial Police Responsibility
The primary objective of police is the prevention of crime, policemen knew too well that
he has committed his life to defend and protect the rights of the citizen and uphold the law at all
cost.
2) Limitation of Police Authority
Policeman as an upholder of the law must know its limitation upon him in enforcing the
law, thus:
a. He must be aware of the limitations which the people, through law, have placed upon
him.
b. He must recognize the center of the democratic system of government which gives no
person or group of person, absolute power.
C. He must insure that he does not pervert its true character.
3) Knowledge of Law and other Responsibilities
a. The policeman shall assiduously apply himself to the principle of the laws which he is
sworn to applied
b. He will make certain of his responsibilities in the particular field of enforcement,
seeking aid of his superior in matters technically or in principle are not clear to him.
c. He shall make special effort to fully understand his relationship with other law
enforcement agencies, particularly on matters of jurisdiction both geographically and
substantively.
4) Use of proper means to obtain proper ends
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to have strict selection of methods
in discharging the duty of his office
b. Violation of law or disregard of public safety and property on the part of the officer are
intrinsically wrong. They are self-defeating if they instill in the public mind and a like disposition.
 c. The employment of illegal methods, no matter how worthy the end, is certain to
encourage disrespect for the law and its officers, If the law is to be honored, it must first be
honored by those who enforce it.
5) Cooperation with Public Officials
a. The policeman shall cooperate fully with other public officials in the performance of
authorized duties, regardless of party affillation or personal prejudices.
b. He shall be meticulous, however, in assuring himself of property, under the law of
such actions and shall guard against the use of his office or person whether knowingly or in any
Improper or illegal action.
6) Proper Conduct and Behavior
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his special identification by the public as an
upholder of law.
b. Police laxity of conduct or manner in private life, expressing either disrespect for the
law or seeking to gain special prevail, cannot but reflect upon in the policeman and the police
service.
c. The community and the service require that the policeman leads the life of decent and
honorable person, following the career of policeman gives him no special pre-requisite.
7) Conduct toward the Community
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to the community.
b. He shall deal with individuals of the community in the manner calculated to instill
respect for its law.
C. He shall conduct his official life in a manner that will inspire confidence and trust.
d. He will neither overbearing nor subservient, as no individual citizen has no obligation
to stand in awe of him or fight to command him.
e. He will do neither from personal preference or prejudices but rather a duly appointed
officer of the law discharging his sworn obligation.
8) Conduct in Arresting Law Violation
a. Policeman shall use his powers of arrest in accordance with the law and with due
regard to the rights of the citizen concerned.
b. He shall, at all times, have a clear appreciation of his responsibilities and limitation
regarding the detention of the accused.
C. He shall conduct himself in such a manner as will minimize the possibility of having to
use force.
d. He shall cultivate a dedication to the people and the equitable upholding of the law
whether in the handling of the accused or law-abiding citizen.
9) Firmness in refusing gifts or favors
a. Policeman representing the government bears heavy responsibility of maintaining, in
his conduct, the honor and integrity of all government institution.
b. He shall guard against placing himself in a position in which the public can reasonably
assume that special consideration is being given.
c. He shall be firm in refusing gifts, favors or gratitude, large of small, which can be the
public mind, be interpreted as capable of influencing his judgment in the discharge of his duties.
10) Impartial Presentation of Evidence
a. Policeman shall concern equally in the prosecution of the accused of the defense of
the innocent.
b. He shall ascertain what kind of evidence and shall present such evidence impartially
and without malice.
c. He shall ignore social, political and all other distinction among the person Involved,
strengthening the tradition of the reliability and integrity of an officer's word.
d. He shall be mindful that in many situation be is the sole impartially testimony to the
facts of the case.
11) Attitude toward Police Profession
a. Policeman shall regard the discharge of his duties as a public trust and recognize his
responsibilities as a public servant.
b. He shall strive to make the best possible application of science to the selection of the
crime and in the field of human relation.
C. He shall strive for effective leadership and public influence in matters affecting public
safety.
d. He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his office, and hold police
work to be an honorable profession rendering valuable service to his community.
e. Through study and experience, a police officer can acquire the high level of
knowledge and competence that is essential for the efficient and effective performance of duty.
The acquisition of knowledge is a never- ending process of personal and professional
development that should be pursued constantly.

PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLE

The following professional police principles:
1) Prevention of Crime and Disorder
a. The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder as an
alternative to the repression of crime and disorder by police force and severity of legal
punishment.
2) Cooperation of the Community
a. The police must secure the willing cooperation in the voluntary observance of the law
to be able to secure and maintain the respect and support of the community.
b. The ability of the police to perform their duty is dependent upon community support of
police existence, actions, behavior and the ability of the police to secure and maintain
community and respect.
3) Unreasonable Force reduces Community Cooperation
a. A police officer will never employ unnecessary force or violence and will use only such
force in the discharge of duty as is reasonable in all circumstances.
b. Force should be used only with the greatest restraint and only after discussion,
negotiation and persuasion have been found to be inappropriate or ineffective. While the use of
force is occasionally unavoidable, every police officer will refrain applying the unnecessary
infliction of pain or suffering and will never engage in cruel, degrading or inhuman treatment of
any person.
4) Use of reasonable force when persuasion is not sufficient
a. The police should use reasonable force to the extent necessary to secure observance
of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advise and warning is found
to be insufficient to attain police objectives.
b. No violence or unnecessary force shall not be subject to any greater restraint than is
necessary for his detention.
5) Impartial Enforcement of Laws
a. The police seek and preserve community favor, not by catering to community opinion,
but constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial enforcement of laws, without regard to the
justice and injustice of the substance of particular laws.
b. Impartial enforcement of laws on all individual members of the society without regard
to their race of social standing.
6) The Community are the Police
a. The police at all times should maintain relationship with the community that gives
really to the historic tradition that the police are the community are the police.
b. The police are the only members of the community who are paid to give full time
attention to maintain peace and order which are incumbent on every citizen in the interest of
community welfare.
7.) Police should not usurp judicial power
a. The police should always direct their actions strictly toward their functions and never
appear to usurp the powers of judiciary by averaging individuals of the state of authoritative
judging guilt or punishing the guilt.
8) Rules of engagement impartially observed]
 a. The test of police efficiency is the reduction of crime and disorder until totally
eradicated, not by evidence of police present and action in dealing with the community
9) Reduction of crime and dishonor
Policeman engaged in anti-crime operation must always consider the safety and security
of who might be caught in the crossfire or arm encounters.
a. The use of force including firearms is justifiable only by virtue of the doctrine of self-
defense and defense of a stranger. Nobody, including the policeman and other law enforcement
authorities, is above the law.
b. The use of force, especially firearms, should be applied only as a last resort, hen all
other peaceful and non violent means has been exhausted.
c. The use of force, especially firearms, should be confined only in the lawless elements
and the responding PNP unit. This is inherent in the police service in which the profession, the
armaments and safety life of every PNP members are dedicated to the protection and safety of
the people.
10) Police Discretion
A police officer will use responsibly the discretion vested in the position and exercise it
within the law. The principle of reasonableness will guide the officer's determinations and the
officer will consider all surrounding circumstances whether any legal action shall be taken.
PNP ETHICAL DOCTRINE
Declaration of Policy
General Purpose

 This manual prescribes the Ethical Doctrine for the Philippine National Police. Its
purpose is to provide moral and ethical guidance to all PNP members.
Scope and Limitation
1) The Ethical Doctrine was culled from the PNP Code of Professional Conduct and
Ethical Standards (COPCES) with inception of additional and related principles. This manual
contains policies. This manual contains policies Principles. Guidelines and sanctions. All geared
towards the internalization of normal values and service dedication. This Doctrine consists of
seven chapters similar to the provisions of the PNP COPCES. The adoption of the PNP Code of
Conduct as an Ethical Doctrine reinforces the former as effective instrument in the moral values
internalization in the PNP.
2) All PNP members in the performance of their duties shall fully abide by this Ethical
Doctrine. This Ethical Doctrine was culled from the PNP Code of Professional Conduct and
Ethical Standard (COPCES) which is anchored on the divine and moral precepts, the
Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines and relevant provisions of the Revised Penal
Code, RA 6713 (Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees),
RA 3019 (Anti-Graft Practices Act), RA 6975 (DILG/PNP Law of 1991) and other related special
laws.
Section 2. Commitment
1) 2.1 All PNP personnel shall take upon themselves that the intent and spirit of this
Doctrine are honored and upheld at all times.
2) 2.2 Directors, Chiefs and Heads of Offices/Stations shall set the example and be
responsible for the adherence to this Doctrine.
3) 2.3 Priests/Minister/Imams of the PNP Chaplain Service, while setting the example,
shall actively participate in enhancing the internalization of this Doctrine.
4) 2.4 All members of the PNP shall take an oath that they shall commit themselves to
this Doctrine. The oath of commitment shall be done upon entry into the PNP, upon promotion to
the next higher rank and upon assumption of office/position.
5) 2.5 All PNP members (uniformed or non-uniformed) shall execute a Pledge of
Covenant to adhere this Doctrine.
Section 3. Propagation, Development and adherence.

 Propagation, Development and adherence of this Doctrine is a command policy and its
Implementation thereof is a command responsibility of PNP Commanders/Directors at all
levels.
1) 3.1The PNP shall maintain the PNP Code of professional Conduct and Ethical
Standard (COPCES) as conveyor of this PNP Ethical Doctrine.
2) 3.2 All PNP personnel shall be issued upon entry into the police service a copy of the
PNP COPCES which shall considered unaccountable property and shall it with them daily.
3) 3.3 The PNP COPCES shall be internalized by all members, and Institutionalized in
the PNP. It will be part of the circular of all PNP academic courses and will be integrated in
moral value programs conducted thru regular police information and education activities.
4) 3.4 There shall undertake a continuous appraisal and study on the effectiveness of
the PNP COPCES consistent with the growth and dynamics of performance standards and
professionalization of the PNP.
5) 3.5 The PNP COPCES shall be subject to interview initially three (3) years hence and
every five (5) years thereafter, or sooner if the need arises, for possible revision and/or
modification of its implementation strategy.
6) 3.6 The PNP Office of Ethical Standards and Public Accountability (PNPORSPA) shall
oversee the internalization of the PNP COPCES, and the DHRDD shall monitor the adherence
of PNP members to this Ethical Doctrine.
Section 4. Appropriations
The fund allocation necessary for the effective propagation and development of the PNP
COPCES and Ethical Doctrine shall be provided.
Section 5. Miscellaneous
There shall be a sustained effort to improve this Ethical Doctrine thru the COPCES in the
following functional areas:
1) 5.1 Strengthening and reinvigoration of activities on historical recordings and
interpretations of contemporary events.
2) 5.2 Structuring of the PNP organization to reinforce values and standards of this
Doctrine.
3) 5.3In case of conflict in the practice of customs and traditions on one hand and in the
performance of duties on the other, the latter shall prevail.
4) 5.4 PNP members shall be morally and duty bound to advise fellow members to
adhere to this Doctrine and refrain from violating the provisions of the PNP COPCES.
5) 5.5 in case where erring PNP members are found to be incorrigibles, proper report
shall be made to the appropriated authority.
6) 5.6 Seminars shall be conducted in all levels of Commands as one forum of
internalizing this Ethical Doctrine and the PNP COPCES.
The Ethical Doctrine applies to both uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP,
unless specified otherwise. This Ethical Doctrine is in accordance with the PNP Fundamental
Doctrine and the Code of professional Conduct and Ethical Standards.
Recommended for Changes

 Any suggested revision or comment should be forwarded to the Chief, Philippine

National Police Attn: Director Directorate for Human Resources and Doctrine
Development.
Declaration of Policy

 All members of the Philippines National Police shall abide, adhere to and internalize the
provisions of this Ethical Doctrine. Towards this end, a truly professionalized and
dedicated law enforce shall be developed in promoting peace and order, ensuring public
safety and enhancing community participation guided by the principles that a public
office is a public trust and that all public servants must, at all times, be accountable to
the people. They shall serve with utmost responsibility, Integrity, morality, loyalty and
efficiency with due respect to human rights and dignity as hallmark of a democratic
society. They shall, at all times, support and uphold the Constituted, near faithful
allegiance to the legitimate government, respect the duly constituted authority and be
loyalty to the police service.
THE PNP CORE VALUES

 The police service is the noble profession which demands from its members specialized
knowledge and skills, as well as high standards of ethics and morality. Hence, the
members of the PNP must adhere to and internalize the enduring core values of love of
God, respect for authority, selfless love and service for people, sanctity of marriage and
family life, responsible dominion and stewardship over material things, and truthfulness.
PNP STANDS ON BASIC ISSUES

 The deployment and employment of PNP personnel require the organization and its
members to bare their stand on the following basic issues:
PNP Image

 The image of any organization affects the esprit d' corps, morale and welfare of
members, and sense of pride to the organization. Thus, all members of the PNP should
act in a manner that would reflect best on the PNP and live by the PNP's core values.
Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials

This Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials was adopted by United Nations
General Assembly Resolution 34/169 of December 17, 1979.
a. Law enforcement official shall at all times fulfill the duty imposed upon them by law, by
serving the community and by protecting all persons against illegal acts, consistent with
the high degree of responsibility required by their profession.
b. In the performance of their duty, law enforcement officials shall respect and protect human
dignity and maintain and uphold the human rights of all persons.
c. Law enforcement officials may use force only when strictly necessary and to the extent
required for the performance of their duty.
d. Matters of confidential nature in the possession of law enforcement officials shall be kept
confidential, unless the performance of duty or the needs of justice strictly require
otherwise.
e. No law enforcement official may inflict, instigate or tolerate any act of torture or other cruel,
inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, nor may any law enforcement offi cial
invoke superior order or exceptional circumstances such as a state of war, a threat to
national security, internal political instability or any other public emergency as a justifi
cation of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
f. Law enforcement officials shall ensure the full protection of the health of persons in their
custody and, in particular, shall take immediate action to secure medical attention
whenever required.
g. Law enforcement officials shall not commit any act of corruption. They shall also rigorously
oppose and combat all such acts.
h. Law enforcement officials shall respect the law and the present Code. They shall also, to
the best of their capability, prevent and rigorously oppose any violation of them.
Law enforcement officials who have reason to believe that a violation of the present Code
has occurred or is about to occur shall report the matter to their superior authorities and, where
necessary, to other appropriate authorities or organs vested with reviewing or remedial power.
Core Values in the PNP, BJMP and BFP

A. Philippine National Police

Core Values
The police service is a noble profession which demands from its members specialized
knowledge and skills, as well as high standards of ethics and morality. In this regard, the
members of the PNP must adhere to and internalize the enduring core values of the PNP such
as;
A. Love of god.
B. Respect for authority.
C. Respect for women.
D. Respect for sanctity of marriage.
E. Responsible dominion and stewardship over material things
F. Truthfulness

B. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

A BJMP personnel believes that jail service is a noble profession and demands from its
members specialized knowledge and skills and high standards of ethics and morality. In this
regard, members of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology must adhere to and
internalize the enduring core values of love of God, respect for authority, selfless love and
service for people, respect for Human Beings and the sanctity of marriage, responsible
dominion and stewardship over material things, and truthfulness.

C. Bureau of Fire Protection

Fire protection is a noble profession. It demands continuing knowledge and skills on fire
prevention, suppression, investigation, emergency medical and rescue services. Firefighters
must adhere to and internalize the sacred, universal human values- love of God, respect for
authority, selfless love and service to mankind with equality, and shall observe the principle of
transparency in all dealings and transactions where public interest is the paramount concern.

Significance of Code of Ethics

Definitions of justice
Justice as process - When people in identical situations are treated equally and fairly under
the law, justice wins.
Justice as substance- When people get what they deserve from the law, justice reigns
supreme.
 Three (3) key police functions, all of which are admittedly hazy and frequently at odds
with one another.
1. Compliance with the law
2. Keep things in order.
3. Assist in the community

The Need for Police to Study Ethics

Why is it critical for police officers to debate morality in the context of their employment
today? Some of the reasons behind this are as follows:
1. Ethics Training at a Limited Police Academy- A comprehensive discussion of ethics,
even if for a short time, is required to establish a link between the police officer's responsibility
and the community's common good.
Ethics is only allotted three and a half hours in the curriculum in police academies. This
is woefully inadequate for police officers who are constantly confronted with ethical dilemmas
while performing their sworn duty.
Several police officers have been charged with misbehavior while performing their
responsibilities, maybe due to a lack of understanding of what constitutes a competent and
professional cop - a person with excellent character.
2. Ethics Academic Training Is Limited- A growing number of police recruits with a
criminology degree have only six units in ethics, which is insufficient for them to practice their
vocation as actual professional cops.
Existing criminal justice ethics classes usually take a positive approach to ethics,
beginning with philosophical considerations of ethics in general and progressing to evaluations
of what it means to be a professional police officer.
3. Today's Officer's Intellectual Capabilities- A skilled, knowledgeable, capable, and
effective police officer must desire to integrate an awareness of what ethics entails in his or her
body of knowledge. An officer with a clear, ethical grasp of the job and excellent moral character
meets the public's expectations of police competency.

2) Career Management, the key to Professionalism

 The proper implementation of the PNP's Career Management will greatly enhance the
personnel professionalization process with regards to procurement, training, promotion,
assignment, placement, awards and retirement. The PNP shall formulate a stringent
policy and strictly implement the human resources development system, compatible to
the equitable distribution of procurement, fair promotion, rationalized approach in
assignment, skill development, immediate grant of reward and award, and decent living
upon retirement.
3) Police Management Leadership

 The effectiveness of law enforcement is reflective of the managerial capabilities and

competent leadership of the men and woman who runt he PNP organization. These
attributes must therefore be one of the primary base for consideration in the selection of
personnel for employment and deployment purposes.
4) Equality in the Service

 There shall be judicious and equitable distribution of opportunity to prove one's worth in
the police service. The problem on inequity thru class orientation and factionalism, both
real and perceived, premised on favored assignment, inequitable opportunity of training,
unfair granting of promotion, and untimely awarding of achievements, will create an
atmosphere of demoralization. The result is inefficiency and lack of teamwork to the
detriment of the organization. It behooves, therefore, on the PNP leadership to address
the situation. The civilian character of the organization requires adherence to the rule on
merit and fitness system and dissociate the above process from class orientation and
factionalism.
5) Delicadeza

 In consonance with the requirements of honor and integrity in the PNP, all members
must have the moral courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with the time-honored
principle of delicadeza.
6) Police Lifestyle

 The PNP shall promote and maintain a lifestyle for its members which the public will find
credible and respectable. The public expects a police officer to live a simple and
dignified life. They must free from greed, corruption and exploitation.
7) Political Patronage

 PNP members shall inhibit themselves from soliciting political patronage on matters
pertaining to assignment, award, training and promotion.
8) Human Rights

 PNP members shall respect and protect human dignity and man's inalienable rights to
life, liberty and property.
9) Setting Example

 All PNP members shall set good example to their subordinates and follow and good
example from the superiors.
STANDARD OF POLICE PROFESSIONALISM

 PNP members shall perform their duties with integrity, intelligence and competence in
the application of specialized skills and technical knowledge with excellence and
expertise.
POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
1) Commitment to Democracy

 Uniformed PNP members shall commit themselves to the democratic way of life and
values and maintain the principle of public accountability. They shall at all times uphold
the Constitution and be loyal to our country, people and organization, above their loyalty
to any person.
2) Commitment to Public Interest

 PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and above personal interest. All
government properties, resources and powers of their respective offices must be
employed and used effectively, honestly and efficiently, particularly to avoid wastage of
public funds and revenues. PNP members must avoid and prevent the "malversation" of
human resources, government time, property and funds.
3) Non-Partisanship

 PNP members shall provide services to every one without discrimination regardless of
party affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations.
4) Physical Fitness and Health

 PNP members shall strive to the physically and mentally fit and in good health at all
times. Toward this end, they shall undergo regular physical exercises and annual
medical examination in any PNP Hospital or Medical facility and actively participate in
the Physical Fitness and Sports Development Program of the PNP.
5) Secrecy Discipline

 PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified Information against

unauthorized disclosure, including confidential aspects of official business, special
orders, communications and other documents, roster or any portion thereof, contents of
criminal records, identities of persons who may have given information to the police in
confidence and other classified information or intelligence material.
6) Social Awareness

 PNP members and their immediate family members shall be encourage to actively get
involved in religious, social and civic activities to enhance the image of the organization
without affecting their official duties.
7) Non-Solicitation of Patronage

 PNP members shall seek self-improvement through career development and shall not
directly or indirectly solicit influence or recommendation from politicians, high-ranking
government officials, prominent citizens in their service particularly in the assignment
and reassignment of personnel.
8) Proper Care and Use of Public Property

 PNP shall promote and maintain sense of responsibility in the protection proper care and
judicious disposition and use of public property issued for their official use or entrusted to
their care and custody just like "a good father of the family". When the
Commander/Director is relieved from his post, all properties/equipment belonging to the
government must be turned-over to the incoming. A committee for the purpose shall be
proper. Hence, it s a taboo for outgoing Commander/Director to detach remove and
bring home or to his new assignment properties which do not personally belong to him.
9) Respect for Human Rights

 In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect and protect human dignity and
uphold the human rights of all persons. No member shall inflict, instigate or tolerate extra
judicial killings, arbitrary arrests, any act of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment and shall not invoke superior orders or exceptional
circumstances such as a state-of war, a treat to national security, internal political
instability or any public emergency as a justification for committing such human rights
violation.
10) Devotion of Duty

 PNP members shall perform their duties with dedication, thoroughness, efficiency,
enthusiasm determination, and manifest concern for public welfare, and shall refrain
from engaging in any activity which shall be in conflict with their duties as public servants.
11) Conservation of Natural Resources

 PNP members shall help in the development and conservation of our natural resources
for ecological balance and posterity as these are the inalienable heritage of our people.
12) Discipline

 PNP members shall conduct themselves properly at all times in keeping with the rules
and regulations of the organization.
13) Loyalty

 PNP members shall be loyal to the Constitution and the police service as manifested by
their loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates as well.
14) Obedience to Superiors

 PNP members shall obey lawful orders of and be courteous to superior officers and
other appropriate authorities within the chain of command. They shall readily accept
whenever they are assigned anywhere in the country. Therefore, it is a taboo for any
personnel to petition in court or in any public forum his assignment.
15) Command Responsibility

 In accordance with the Doctrine on Command Responsibility, immediate

Commanders/Directors shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control and
direction of their personnel and shall see to it that all government resources shall be
 managed, expended or utilized in accordance with laws and regulations and safeguard
against losses thru illegal or improper disposition.

THE ETHICAL STANDARDS

Ethical Standards shall refer to established and generally moral values. Ethical acts to
be observed are the following:
1) Morality

 PNP members shall adhere to high standards of morality and decency and shall set
good examples for others to follow. In no instance during their terms of office, among
other things, shall they be involved as owners, operators, managers or investors in any
house of ill-repute or illegal gambling den or other places devoted to vices, nor shall they
patronize such places unless on official duty, and tolerate operations of such
establishment in their respective areas of responsibilities. They shall be faithful to their
lawfully wedded spouses.
2) Judicious Use of Authority

 PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of authority in the performance
of duty.
3) Integrity

 PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest
practices in accordance with the provision of RA6713 and other applicable laws.
4) Justice

 PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of others so that they can fulfill
their duties and exercises their rights as human beings parents, children, citizens,
workers, leaders, or in other capacities and to see to it that other do likewise.
5) Humility

 PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the master
of the people and toward this end they should perform their duties without arrogance.
They shall also recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities and limitations as
individuals and perform their duties without attracting attention or expecting the applause
of others.
6) Orderliness

 PNP members shall follow logical procedure in accomplishing tasks assigned to them to
minimize waste in the use of time money and effort.
7) Perseverance
Once a decision is made PNP members shall take legitimate means to achieve the goal
even in the face of Internal or external difficulties and despite anything in which might weaken
their resolve in the course of time.
CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

 The PNP adopts generally acceptable customs and traditions based on the desirable
practice of the police service. These shall serve to inspire PNP members as the
organization endeavors to attain its goals and objectives.
Customs

 Established usage or social practices carried on by traditions that have obtained the
force of law.
Traditions
Bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to
generation with the effect of an unwritten law.
Courtesy

 A manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others. Ceremony

A formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to special
occasion.
Social Decorum

 A set of norms and standards practiced by members during social activities and other
functions.
POLICE CUSTOMS ON COURTESY
The following are customs on courtesy in the PNP:
1) Salute

 is the usual greetings rendered by unformed, members upon meeting and recognizing
person entitled to a salute.
2) Salute to National Color and Standard

 Members stand at attention and salute the national color and standard as these passes
by them or when the national color is raised or lowered during ceremonies.
3) Address/Title

 Junior in rank address senior members who are entitled to salute with the word "Sir" or
"Ma'am". All Commissioned Officers shall be addressed sir or ma'am by Police Non-
Commissioned Officers and Non- Uniformed Personnel.
4) Courtesy Calls - The following are the courtesy calls:
a. Courtesy Call of Newly Assigned/Appointed Member

 PNP members who are newly appointed or assigned in a unit or command call on the
chief of the unit or command and other key personnel as a matter of courtesy, as well as
for accounting, orientation and other purposes.
 b. Christmas Call

 PNP members pay a Christmas Call on their local executives in their respective areas of
responsibility.

c. New Year's Call

 PNP members pay a New Year's call on their commanders and/or key officials in their
respective areas of responsibility.
d. Promotion Call

 Newly promoted PNP members call on their unit head. On this occasion, they are
usually given due recognition and congratulations by their peers for such deserved
accomplishment.
e. Exit Call

 PNP members pay an exit call on their superiors in the unit or command when relieved
or reassigned out of the said unit or command.
f. Courtesy of the Post

 The host unit extends hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the command
or unit.
g. Rank Has-Its-Own Privilege (RHIP)

 PNP member recognize the practice that different ranks carry with them corresponding
privileges.

POLICE CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES

1) Flag Raising Ceremony
 PNP members honor the flag by hoisting it and singing the National Anthem before the
start of the official day's work.
2) Flag Lowering Ceremony
 At the end of the official day's work, the PNP members pause for a moment to salute the
lowering of the flag.
3) Half-Mast
 The flag is raised at haft mask in deference to deceased uniformed members of the
command.
4) Funeral Service and Honors
 Departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PC/INP members are
given vigil, necrological services and graveside honors as a gesture of farewell.
5) Ceremony Tendered to Retirees
 In recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service to the PNP, a testimonial
activity shall be tendered in their honor
6) Honor Ceremony
 Arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPS, PNP
Officers with the grade of Chief Superintendent and above AFP officers of equivalent
grade, unless waived.
7) Turnover Ceremony
 the relinquishment and assumption of command or key position is publicly announced in
a turnover ceremony by the outgoing and incoming officers in the presence of the
immediate superior or his representative. Outgoing Commander/Director should not
leave his post without proper turnover. Turn-over includes turnover of
properties/equipment, human and material resources.
8) Wedding Ceremony
 During marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with participants in uniform
and swords drawn.
9) Anniversary
 The birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is commemorated in an
Anniversary Ceremony.

POLICE CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM -

The following are police customs on social decorum:
1) Proper Attire
 PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in conformity with occasion.
2) Table Manners
 PNP members observe table etiquette at all times.
3) Social Graces
 PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing with people during social
functions.
4) Uniform/Appearance
 The public looks upon the PNP members as distinctively a man among men. It is a
welcome sight when PNP members wear their uniform properly wherever they may be.
 Bulging stomach is a taboo in the uniformed service. Since disciplined PNP members
are best exemplified by those who are neat in appearance and wearing the prescribed
uniform, they must therefore observe the following.
 a. Wearing of prescribed uniform
b. Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations
5) Manner of Walking
 Every PNP member is expected to walk with pride and dignity.

OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS

1) Visiting the Sick
 Immediate Commanders or available officers of the unit visit PNP members who are sick
in the hospital, their residence or any place of confinement in order that their needs are
attended to.
2) Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased Members
 A survivor officer is designated whenever PNP members die, to render maximum
assistance to their bereaved family unit all benefits due shall have been received.
3) Visiting the Religious Leaders
 PNP Officers visit religious leaders in their areas of assignment to establish and maintain
rapport and cooperation between the different religious leaders and the PNP.
4) Athletics
 PNP members indulge in physical activities to ensure that there proper physical
appearance and bearing are maintained with the waist line measurement always smaller
than the size of his chest and in conformity with the standard set forth by the
organization.
5) Happy Hours
 Usually on Friday or any other day suitable for the occasion, PNP members gather
together at their PNP club for a light hearted jesting or airing of minor gripes.
POLICE TRADITION
The following are police tradition:
1) Spirit Beliefs
 PNP members are traditionally religious and God-loving person. They attend religious
services together with the members of the family.

2) Valor
 History attests that the Filipino law enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor in
defending the country from aggression and oppression and protecting/preserving the life
and property of the people. They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the sake of their
countrymen whom they have pledged to serve.
3) Patriotism
 The PNP members are traditionally patriotic in nature. They manifest their love of
country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the constitution.
4) Discipline
 The discipline of PNP members is manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders
and thorough and spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational objectives
guided by moral, ethical and legal forms.
5) Gentlemanliness
 PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance, and
sincere in their concern to fellowmen.
6) Word of Honor
 PNP members word is their bond. They stand be and commit to uphold it.
7) Duty
 PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants
who perform their tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and if-sacrifice. They shall
readily accept assignment anywhere in the country.
8) Loyalty
 PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people as borne by
history and practice.
9) Camaraderie
The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization,
extending to the people they serve, is manifested by the PNP members deep committed and
concern for one another.

Police Officer’s Creed and Stand on Basic Issues

The Police Officer's Creed:

1. I believe in God, The Supreme Being, a Great Provider, and The Creator of all men and
everything dear to me. In return, I can do not less than love Him above all, seek His guidance in
the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.
2. I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I respect and uphold the Constitution, the laws of
the land and the applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the
leadership, and follow and obey legal orders of my superior officers.
3. I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards this end, I commit myself to the
service of my fellowmen over and above my personal convenience.
4. I believe in the sanctity of marriage and the respect for women. I shall set the example of
decency and morality and shall have high regard for family life and chastity.
5. I believe in the responsible dominion and stewardship over material things. I shall inhibit
myself from ostentatious display of my property. I shall protect the environment and conserve
nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall respect private and public properties and prevent
others from destroying them.
6. I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and I shall speak the truth at all
times as required by the profession.

Who is a Filipino Policeman?

- A Filipino policeman is a protector and a friend of the people.
- His badge is the symbol of the citizen’s faith and trust, his uniform a mirror of decorum
and integrity.
- His whole human person an oblation of enduring love for homeland, fellowmen and
God.
- A Filipino policeman emulates the valor of Lapu-lapu, serenity of Rizal, the leadership of
Aguinaldo, the courage of Bonifacio, the idealism of Del Pilar, the wisdom of Mabini and the
fortitude of Gomez, Burgos and Zamora.
- A Filipino policeman has oath for his republic to uphold: to defend the constitution, honor
the flag, obey the laws and duly constituted authorities. He has covenant with his people to
comply: to safeguard and protect them even beyond the call of duty. And he has a legacy for
his family to fulfill: to bequeath unto them the one and only treasure of his life – an unblemished
name.

The Policeman and his Badge

Pointedly enough, it is precisely upon grounds of reliability and unreliability, fidelity
or infidelity in the performance of his duties that the badge of a policeman assumes paramount
significance.
This is because the badge could either be the symbol of the citizen’s faith and trust
in the policeman or the harbinger of their contempt and derision for him, all depending upon
efficiency or inefficiency in the execution of the policeman’s task or mission.
But whatever it may be, the salient point remains that the policeman’s badge stands
out as the embodiment of his entire personality, both as a citizen and a public servant, yes, a
badge that beckons the policeman to commit himself to the democratic way of life and, even
more, to maintain the principle of public accountability.

Furthermore, the badge flashes incessantly to the mind and heart of the policeman
his inescapable concern, commitment and obligation to uphold at all times the constitution and
be loyal to his country, people and organization over and above loyalty to any other person or
organization.

The Policeman and his Uniform

The gestures and attitudes of internalizing and externalizing could aptly project to
the fore the fierce relevance and significance of the uniform of the policeman.
This is because what a policeman has internalized or ingested in terms of discipline,
conduct, insight and decorum is externalized or unfolded by his uniform on points of among
others, physical appearance, social graces, professional bearing, and personal comportment.
More importantly, the uniform bespeaks not only of the authority and prerogatives of
the peace keeper and law enforcer donning or wearing such uniform but, equally worthwhile,
the intellectual, moral and spiritual cast and mold of the person inside that uniform. Just as
what abounds in the heart is spoken by the mouth, so what values and virtues are acquired and
ingested, or not ingested and acquired, as the case may be, are bound to have a repercussion
or reflection on his uniform.
If a policeman is neglectful or remiss in his interior breeding, upbringing,
and posturing, there surges the imminent and potential likelihood that such
shortcomings would find shape and form in his untidy, sloppy and repulsive uniform.

Indeed, a well-meaning and disciplined member of the force realizes without being
told that the citizenry looks upon and discerns the policeman as distinctively a man among
gentlemen and a gentleman among men, a circumstance and factor that prompts such citizenry
to hail as a gratifying sight when the men and women in the police service wear their uniform
properly wherever they may be.
Police Deviance

Types of Police Deviance

1. Police Gratuity
2. Police Perjury
3. Police Brutality
3. Police Profanity
4. Sex on Duty or Duty-Related
5. Sleeping on Duty
6. Drinking & Abusing Drugs on or off Duty
7. Misuse of Confidential Information
Police Gratuity
The receipt of free food, services, or discounts is known as a gratuity. These are
normally not considered forms of corruption.
These are regarded as perks that come with the job. Nonetheless, they are unethical
because they include monetary gain or reward, and they are corrupt because the officer has
been placed in a compromised position where future favors (a "fix") might be reasonably
expected. It's called "mooching" when there's an implied favor (a "wink and nod"). It is referred
to as "chiseling" when an officer is openly seeking free services.
Kickbacks (bribery) for directing business to towing firms, ambulances, or garages are
common with gratuities. Pilfering, or stealing any) company's supplies for personal use, is a step
up the scale.
At its most severe, opportunistic stealing occurs, with police personnel skimming
valuable goods from crime scenes, property rooms, warehouses, and any other location they
have access to. "Shopping" refers to the theft of products from stores while on patrol.
Police Perjury
This is typically used to carry out a corrupt crime by omitting some crucial pieces of
information in order to "rig" a criminal prosecution. The cop testifies untruthfully that he or she
observed the defendant drop some narcotics or contraband, which is known as "dropsy"
evidence. Miranda warnings have been given, but they haven't always been provided. The act
of lying in court is known as "testifying," and police officers are trained witnesses who can do it
calmly.
Other system actors, such as supervisors and judges, are frequently aware of the perjury.
They act as if they believe police officers who are lying to them. Everyone is pleased with the
system.
The cop gets credit for a successful bust; the supervisor's arrest statistics improve; the
prosecutor scores another victory; the judge gets to give his little lecture without jeopardizing his
reelection chances; the defense lawyer gets his fee in dirty money; and the public is relieved
that another criminal has been apprehended (Dershowitz 1996 as cited by Florendo 2020).
The majority of perjury is perpetrated by honest officers who feel that if they lie about
something, a guilty criminal would go free.
Police Brutality
When a citizen complains about police brutality, they may be referring to a variety of
things, such as profane or abusive language, commands to move or go home, field stops and
searches, implied threats of violence, prodding with a nightstick or approaching with a pistol,
and the actual use of physical force.
Unreasonable and needless actual use of physical force qualifies as police brutality,
which is often referred to as "more than excessive force."
Police Profanity
A police officer may use obscene or vulgar language for a variety of reasons. One of the
abilities required in police employment is effective verbal communication. At police training
academies, concepts like "command voice" and "command presence" are taught on a regular
basis.
There is a typology that exists:
1. terms with religious overtones (e.g., hell, goddamn)
2. terms that refer to excretory functions (e.g., shit, piss)
3. terms with sexual connotations (e.g., fuck or prick)

Sex On Duty Or Duty-Related

Contacts with promiscuous females are a part of the profession, as is limited monitoring.
Every police officer will be approached at some point. A number of women are drawn to the
outfit or the atmosphere of the employment. Every cop will be able to tell you a tale or two about
police "groupies."
These are ladies who go around waving at cops, causing them to stop or pull over, and
then setting up meetings with them to have sex with them later, or sometimes right then and
then. A woman like her has sex with entire departments and hundreds of police officers on a
regular basis.
Other scenarios include:
1. Traffic stops - to obtain information about her or to obtain a closer look at the female
2. Fox hunting, which involves stopping college girls and performing the "I'll do anything"
performance.
3. Voyeurism - peering through windows or interrupting couples on lovers' lanes
4. Victim re-contacts - providing emotional support to victims who require it.

Sleeping On Duty
The police cruiser is sometimes referred to as the "moving bedroom" on the night shift.
In police jargon, a "hole" or "coop" is a spot where officers sleep, usually the back room of a
location where they have a key and can participate in secure "cooping." This type of behavior is
common among police officers who attend college during the day or moonlight at other
occupations to make a living.
Numerous court appearances during the day, as well as the strain of shift work, can be a
problem.
Of course, sleeping on duty is an extreme case of goldbricking, which is the avoidance
of work or accomplishing only the bare minimum required to satisfy superiors.
Drinking and Abusing Drugs On Or Off Duty
There are several opportunities to drink or use drugs while on duty (e.g., victim
interviews, shakedowns, and contraband disposal), and the motivations are varied: getting high,
addiction, stress, burnout, or workplace alienation.
Even in circumstances of recreational use (which does not occur because policemen are
never off-duty or have any "off time"), the possibility of corruption exists. The officer must
purchase the drugs through a middleman, enlist the help of others in the transaction, and risk
blackmail, shakedowns, ripoffs, and cover-ups.
It sets a poor public relations example. It will impair judgment and increase the risk of
lethal force or road accidents. Others become involved, either supporting or denouncing the
user, as a result of alcohol and drug abuse becoming a systemic problem.
Because there is more sub-cultural acceptance for alcoholism, police personnel
frequently mix alcohol and drugs. As a result, the abuser hides his drug use behind his
alcoholism.
It is much more exciting when cops turn become drug sellers or dealers. Officers selling
narcotics at rock concerts are occasionally reported. Although there have been occasional
attempts to use stress or covert duty as a justification, the goal appears to be monetary gain
and avarice.
Although there is some precedent in decisions that job assignment may be a factor in
alcoholism, courts have not supported a workplace stress/drug connection in cases where such
officers have been punished, plea bargained, or arbitrated.

Misuse of Confidential Information

This usually entails putting ongoing investigations in jeopardy "leaking information to
friends, relatives, the public, the press, or, in some circumstances, criminal suspects or gang
members. The cop may be completely ignorant that they are engaging in this type of behavior
"In some cases, pillow chat is appropriate. Failed raids, for example, are frequently the result of
a departmental leak.
In some circumstances, department resources, such as computer systems, are utilized
to create criminal history reports for "friends of the department," such as private investigators,
consulting firms, or local companies. Passwords can also be forgotten, allowing access to
computer network data. Police resources are occasionally used to blackmail political figures.
In general, however, enforcing confidentiality laws has caused more issues than it has
solved. A false sense of security derived from exaggerated desires for secrecy is one of the
reasons for the current fragmented state of American law enforcement.
 Other important terms:
 Deviance is defined as behavior that violates the police culture's norms or values.
 Corruption is defined as unethical, habitual behavior involving the abuse of power for
personal gain.
 Favoritism is the practice of giving unfair or unjust acts ("breaks") to friends or relatives.
 Misconduct occurs when a police officer breaks the rules, policies, or procedures of the
department.

Two possible causes of public mistrust for police ethics:

There are two probable reasons for the public's mistrust of police ethics:
(1) The belief that there is a police subculture that either corrupts good cops or tolerates evil
while policing: and
(2) The belief that policing is primarily a cover for racial discrimination.
These perceptions have an impact on all aspects of policing, are central to the police
role in society, and raise ethical concerns that we will examine in depth. In this approach to
police ethics, trust is the most important ethical issue, and learning about trust also teaches us
about other irrational forces in society, such as fear. A emphasis on police ethics often includes
a focus on society ethics.
It makes little difference whether we can trace the origins of public mistrust to any
specific event; what matters is perception, and how those perceptions influence a nation's
morality as a whole.
The Dirty Harry scenario is allowing the authorities to make false promises to hostage
takers and kidnappers (or, even worse, torture them).
Noble cause corruption refers to crimes carried out under the guise of respectability,
such as white lies, or, more broadly, a commitment to "doing something about terrible people,"
which is a "ends-based" police ethic that can be tainted when officers break the law in the name
of personal moral ideals.
Academic Ethics and Integrity
Integrity is the quality or state of being complete or undivided (Merriam-Webster). It is a
quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. It could be equal to uprightness.
Integrity is doing the right thing even without someone watching.
Justice, coherence, ethical standards, and suitable motivation, according to Bosch and
Cavallotti (2016) as cited by Dib, et.al. (2020), are four common characteristics that are
incorporated in the various approaches to describe integrity. As a result, a definition based on
this concept would be: act with justice and consistency, adhering to ethical ideals and a goal-
oriented motivation nice intentions. Academic integrity can be defined in the context of
education as thehabit of studying and carrying out academic work in a fair and consistent
manner, with the goal of improving study and be inspired by the benefit that this knowledge can
provide to others.
 Academic integrity especially in times of pandemic wherein online classes were
conducted and online examinations also were given. Students really were tempted and
challenged in maintaining their integrity. They would think that their professors might not know
they were cheating or that there is a lower probability of being caught.
It is also the responsibility of members of an academic community to deliver work that is
authentically their own. Cheating and plagiarizing other people's work are serious offenses that
undermine the spirit of truth in college.

The instructor in charge of a given class is responsible for clarifying specific

implementations of the Academic Ethics Policy.

Integrity is a challenge of one’s conviction and character.

Here are some academic misconduct:

1. Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the unintentional or intentional use of another person's words or ideas
without giving proper credit. The following are some examples, however they are not exhaustive:
1.A direct quote must be recognized and carefully documented. A list of works
referenced must be used to list the sources of information.

2.All paraphrased or summarized material must be credited to its original source.

3.Other people's work, whether it's in the form of ideas, laboratory findings, artistic work,
computer programs, or other forms, must be acknowledged.

4.Plagiarism is defined as the use of false or misleading citations of sources.

2. Cheating
Cheating is presenting work that has not been completed as one's own or utilizing
unethical techniques to pass a test. The following are some examples, however they are not
exhaustive:
a. It is not permitted to provide illegal information about examination content, nor to utilize
books, notes, or other materials without the instructor's consent.
b. Discussion of any aspect of the examination before it has been finished by all pupils.
c. During an examination, students may not speak or converse with one another in English or
any other language or way.
d. A student is not permitted to submit work that she has not completed herself. Papers,
projects, homework assignments, computer programs, and other items fall under this category.
e. Submission of the same paper or assignment, or material elements thereof, for more than
one course is not permitted unless both teachers have approved it and it meets their standards.
f. Falsification of study data.
g. Restricting access to course materials for students or instructors. Mutilating or stealing
library materials, as well as disabling computer equipment or databases, are examples of this.
h. Storing information or resources not approved by the instructor on electronic devices such
as cell phones or calculators.
3. Other violations may include:
1.It is a violation of the Academic Ethics Policy to fail to obey any other specific requirement or
requirement established by the instructor and/or circulated to each student. When processes
are unclear, it is the student's responsibility to consult with an instructor.
2.Falsifying a signature on any official College document is a violation of the Academic Ethics
Policy.
3.Changing the contents and/or intent of any official College document is a violation of the
Academic Ethics Policy.
4.It is against the Academic Ethics Policy to intentionally or knowingly assist or attempt to assist
another in violating any of the policy's provisions.

Student Rights

a. In matters of academics, students have the right to be treated fairly, impartially, and
expeditiously.

b. If a student may feel his/her academic rights were put into risk, he/she might consult the
Office of Student Affairs or Academic Affairs. Some would also seek for the advice of their
homeroom teacher or consult the Guidance Office. It depends on the process of different
educational institutions.

Responsibilities of Students

a. During registration, students must sign a declaration stating that they have read,
understand, and agree to follow the Academic Ethics Policy or Student Code of Discipline.

b.It is the obligation of students to follow the proper documentation regulations.

c. Students must report an instructor if they have any information of suspected academic
dishonesty, and they must also tell a faculty member or an academic administration if there
are any reported breaches. The student should also expect the instructor to follow the
processes outlined below and adhere to the Academic Ethics Policy.

2. Responsibilities of Faculty
a. Faculty are responsible for enforcing the Academic Ethics Policy's regulations and
procedures, as well as taking appropriate action in the event of infractions, as briefly outlined
below.

Student Disciplinary Committee or Academic Ethics Council

Each institution has its own Student Disciplinary Committee or Academic Ethics Council for
investigation, filing of charges and hearing of cases of academic dishonesty or misconduct.
Since each educational institution has its unique way of implementing its code of conduct and
discipline, one institution may vary from another as to what sanctions are being imposed and to
what degree. In the code of conduct and discipline, student’s actions towards the institution,
towards the superiors, towards schoolmates, towards curricular or co-curricular activities and
domestic affairs were enumerated. These will serve guide to the students on how he/she must
behave as a student, classmate and a responsible citizen.
Impact of Academic Ethics and Integrity in Future Work

Academic integrity is critical in any teaching-learning process aimed at obtaining the

greatest levels of learning and excellence (Dib, et al. 2020)

In the study conducted by Dib, et.al 2020, results revealed that students who report
engaging in acts against academic integrity also report engaging in dishonest actions in other
situations. In addition, students who regard academic breaches to be less serious report
engaging in academic misconduct more frequently in various contexts. In light of their findings, it
is unavoidable to consider the role that educational institutions and businesses can play in the
development of programs that: design educational experiences to foster learning, better prepare
students to fully meet their academic obligations, and emphasize the benefits of doing so,
preventing the severity and repercussions of dishonest behavior, discouraging cheating, and
establishing clear and efficient mechanisms for sanctioning students who are found accountable
for academic infractions are all important goals.

Since professional formation are not separate from ethical formation, students should not
only exhibit mastery in technical, practical and theoretical competency but also in ethical and
personal integrity.

Studies have been conducted which link academic behavior during college days affects
their workplace behavior. Academic dishonesty may also lead to corruption later on. Students
that participate in unethical behavior in the classroom, particularly undergraduate students, are
more prone to exhibit inappropriate behavior in their professional lives, and vice versa.

Academic integrity is defined by the International Center for Academic Integrity (ICAI) in
2014 as cited by Dib, et.al. (2020) as a set of basic principles that serve as the foundation for
success in any aspect of life. These principles are essential elements that allow future students
to achieve the necessary learning that will enable them to face and overcome any personal or
professional challenges. The International Center for Academic Integrity is a non-profit
organization that promotes academic integrity.

Establishing a link between a country's level of corruption and the level of academic
dishonesty in its educational institutions is a difficult task because fraud and corruption can take
many different forms (International Transparency 2017 as cited by Dib, et.al. 2020).

Academic dishonesty, on the other hand, may be proven to be an expression of a culture in

which breaking norms is easy and widespread, and integrity is not valued as highly as it should
be. It is conceivable to establish a link between a weak civic culture and academic dishonesty
using this logic (Garca-Villegas et al. 2016 as cited by Dib, et.al. 2020).

This terrible civic culture is replicated in citizens' daily behaviors, particularly within
organizations, where a link has been shown between cheating students and unethical
professional behavior (Winrow 2015 as cited by Dib, et.al. 2020).

From this perspective, integrity and ethical behavior, which can be expressed in a variety of
ways such as decision-making, conflict resolution, or accountability, is one of the most sought-
after skills by employers (Kavanagh and Drennan 2008) and one of the most important factors
in building trusting inter-organizational relationships (Connelly et al. 2018 as cited by Dib, et.al.
2020). This is why the research was conducted.
 On the other hand, faculty members should also be aware and be strategic in detecting
academic integrity (Cavico and Mujtaba 2009) They could use online applications to detect
plagiarism. Due to this, students will be afraid of being detected and will strive to maintain
academic integrity.

V. Understand and correlate human and public relations.

Human Relations...
a) Layman's language: A human relation is one person's relationship or connection with
another person. It means how an individual man or woman is related or connected to another
man or a woman.
b) in general: It implies how people interact and cooperate with each other when they
come together in a group to achieve objectives.
c) Context of an industry or business: Human relation (HR) is about how people
integrate (i.e. come together) in a work-like situation. Later, forms a workgroup (team) with some
motivation and cooperates to achieve organizational goals effectively. Here, HR is also referred
as Industrial-Relations (IR).
d) An academic viewpoint: It first studies the human behavior at a workplace and then
uses systematic knowledge to analyze and suggest necessary efforts required to maintain and
enhance the performance of humans.
e) Ethical and moral sense: It means to recognize, respect and also safeguard the
dignity of every individual along with his or her's sincere efforts and valuable contribution made
for the achievement of given objectives.
POLICE COMMUNITY RELATION
Police
 a civil organization whose members are given special legal powers by the government
and whose task is to maintain public order and to solve and prevent crimes; or group of
persons established, maintained and organized for keeping order, safety, protection of
lives and for properties and detection of crimes.
Community
 the public or society in general; it refers to the civilian populace in cities, municipalities or
public in general, and shall be used interchangeably with public, citizenry, society, or
private sector.
Police Ideal
 it refers to the expected standard of perfection or excellence in the personal, and
professional conduct of every member of the police; or the expected essence of
perfection, sympathetic, courteous intelligent, honest, and in control of his emotions and
temper, at all means. It also includes courage and highest sense of dedication to duty.
Personal Media
 it is the means of communication used by the police as it deals with the community such
as the use of rallies, meetings, speeches, and house to house visits to the community.
Barangay
 is the basic political unit of the Filipino nation that implements the policies of the national
and local governments (1987 Phil. Constitution); sometimes referred to as the local
community.
Propaganda
 any information or publicity put out by an organization (I.e., police) or government to
spread and promote a policy, idea, doctrine, or cause.
Police Community Relation
 the sum total of dealings between the police and the people it serves and whose
goodwill and cooperation it craves for the greatest possible efficiency in the service.
The need for the Police Community Relation
 Some people are apathetic to the programs of the police because of the reported
involvement of some of the officers and members of the Philippine National Police (PNP)
to criminal activities and irregularities in law enforcement.
 Hence, the PNP needs to strengthen its police community relations activities.
What is Community Relation?
 In the police, community relations may mean the total dealings of the police organization
as it immerses itself to the community it serves. On the other hand, Agas in his
handbook, Notes on Police Community Relation, stated that "community relation is like a
three-legged stool, each leg of an equal importance in holding the stool upright. One leg
is public relations in its traditional sense. Another leg is community service. The third leg
is community participation, and this is the total community relations job that is being
emphasized today in police and community relations program."

The Bases of Police Community Relations

 In the democratic concept of policing-the police is the people and the people is the police,
which means that every police officer is mandated to protect lives and properties,
preserve peace and order and prevent crimes and other civil disturbances. However, his
performance of duty is governed by the Constitution and other laws and statutes such as
the preservation of the basic human rights and observance of the due process of law.
 In addition, every police officer is a public servant and his office is a public trust.
Therefore, the police officer is obliged to conduct himself in the community according to
the standers of conducts and ethics of his organization, the police organization.
Furthermore, he should in mind that his authority to enforce the law comes from the
people's mandate.
What are the Principles of Community Relation?
The principle of community relation are the following:
1) Community Support must be maintained
2) Community Resentment must be avoided
3) Community Goodwill must be developed
4) Community must be kept informed

What are the Objectives of Police Community Relation?

From the viewpoint of the police, Police Community Relation aims to:
1) Maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence of the community for the police.
2) Obtain cooperation and assistance.
3) Develop public understanding, and support and appreciation for the service of the police. 4)
Create broader understanding and sympathy with the problems and needs of the public.
5) Facilitate law enforcement and compliance.
6) Build public opinion in favor of the Police.
7) Achieve the Police purpose or preserving the peace, protection of life and properly, and the
prevention of crime.

What are the types of Police Community Relations? The Basic elements of police
community relation include the following:
Functions of PCR Master Plan
1) Formulates Police Community Relations (PCR) plans, programs, and policies geared towards
enhancing community and citizen's participation in support of the operational plans of the
Philippine National Police;
2) Exercises primary staff supervision in the planning, direction, coordination, supervision and
monitoring of all programs and activities pertaining to Public Information that enhances Police
Community Relations (PCR)
3) Develops plans and programs designed to generate and shape good public perception
towards the government in
general and the PNP in particular
4) Conducts studies and researches to assist national policymakers in developing laws, plans
and programs that are community based, service oriented and gender sensitive, and are geared
towards the maintenance of peace and order and the enhancement of public safety;
5) Forges relationship with communities and assists other government agencies and Non-
Government Organizations (NGOS) in the conduct of community mobilization activities
contributory to the maintenance of peace, order and safety; and
6) Conducts coordination and liaising, and appropriate policing work for foreign nationals and
cultural minorities, living, in transient or doing business in the Philippines
Community Policing
• Community policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which
support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively
address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social
disorder, and fear of crime. Community policing is comprised of three key components:
1) Community Partnerships Collaborative partnerships between and among other law
enforcement agencies and the individuals and organizations they serve to develop solutions to
problems and increase trust in the police as follows;
a. Other Government Agencies;
b. Community Members/Groups;
c. Nonprofits/Service Providers;
d. Private Businesses; and,
e. Media.
2) Organizational Transformation The alignment of organizational management, structure,
personnel, and information systems to support community partnerships and proactive problem
solving.
a. Agency Management
1. Climate and culture
2. Leadership
3. Labor relations
4. Decision-making
5. Strategic planning
6. Policies
7. Organizational evaluations
8. Transparency
9. Organizational Structure
b. Geographic assignment of officers
1. Despecialization 2. Resources and finances
c. Personnel
1. Recruitment, hiring, and selection
2. Personnel supervision/evaluations
3. Training
d. Information Systems (Technology)
1. Communication/access to data
2. Quality and accuracy of data
3. Problem Solving

The process of engaging in the proactive and systematic examination of identified

problems to develop and rigorously evaluate effective responses.
a. Scanning: Identifying and prioritizing problems.
b. Analysis: Researching what is known about the problem.
C. Response: Developing solutions to bring about lasting reductions in the number and
extent of problems.
d. Assessment: Evaluating the success of the responses.
e. Using the crime triangle to focus on immediate conditions (victim/offender/location).
 Community Policing also revolves around the basic principle that the -- Police are the
Public and the Public are the Police (Principle #7, Sir Robert Peel, Founder of the British
Police system). It is a policing concept that requires every member of the community to
exercise self-policing, restrain other members against doing things that may harm each
other, and require other members to conduct themselves in an orderly interaction.
Requiring community members to follow certain orderly interaction means specific
obedience to a set of rules or common beliefs and aspirations with the community.
 It is necessary, therefore, that the basic policing in the community should focus on the
core concept of Police Community Relations. A policing concept that wins the trust,
confidence and support of the people in the community such that policing becomes a
norm and not just obedience to a set of rules. When community policing becomes a way
of life in the community, then there will be no more need for organizations to police the
community.
Two-Prong Strategy of the Revised PCR Master Plan
A. Internal Targets
Integrated Transformation Program
 The PNP Integrated Transformation Program is our roadmap to a more responsive,
transformed PNP. The program presents a comprehensive approach to reform the PNP
with its honest-to-goodness assessment of its present institutional framework, policies,
 systems, structures, and procedures. Its vision, goals, and targets as well as its specific
programs, projects and activities were actually formulated to support the achievement of
the overall reform objective for the entire criminal justice system to be able to provide
speedy, impartial, and accessible justice. The design of the program also aims to
achieve the PNP reform goal of enhancing delivery of public safety services within the
context of an improved public trust and confidence in our criminal justice system.
Capability Building and Advocacy Program
 The Capability Building and Advocacy Program is designed to effectively develop the
lower commanders and Chiefs of Police as organizing catalysts through internalization of
the Community Oriented Policing System (COPS) philosophy. It includes Information
Operation (10) efforts and advocacy to influence other members of the organization in
the QUAD concept of police operations. Activities include developing PCR/COPS skills
such as conduct of PIO Courses, Effective Writing seminars, PCR courses, Basic
Information Operation Courses, Radio Reporting, Social Ethics, Photography, BPAT,
Disaster Management trainings and other PCR related trainings.
Economic Welfare Development Program
 these are activities that cater to the needs of the PNP personnel through cooperative
development and livelihood skills seminar, police entrepreneurship and police
productivity projects. Day Care centers are programmed to be established initially in all
PROS/NSUS while PNP Cooperatives are being organized in as many police units as
possible.
Socio-Cultural, Education, Health, Sports, Environment and other Programs
 These are activities that cover the set-actualizing need of our personnel to develop a
positive behavior towards work. This portrays the human side of law enforcement.
Activities will include school grants, special trainings, sports activities, religious and
health programs. Activities will also include environmental protection, culture and arts,
GAD programs and other related socio-cultural activities.

B. External Targets
Service Oriented Program
 The PNP is mandated under RA 8551 as a Community and Service-Oriented Agency.
Activities include all the services provided by the PNP such as security, maritime, road
safety, air safety, health care and public safety. Projects such as the PNP Text 2920,
response to emergency 117, Medical and Dental Outreach, Tourist Oriented Police,
CRAC, WCCD, Police Assistance Center, Disaster Relief Operations, Environmental
protection, Clean and green, etc. will be continuously implemented.
Public Community Safety Program
 These are Crime prevention activities that ensure security, community protection and
provide public safety. Activities include church-based protection and family crime
prevention programs, house visitation, production/dissemination/ distribution of
 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials on Crime Prevention Tips,
BPAT activities, forging of peace agreements, settlement of disputes, and activities to
Increase awareness on accident prevention, fire prevention, environmental protection,
coastal resources management.
Institutional Development Support Program
 These activities implement the foundation role of networking, establishing linkages and
interacting. Coordinating with different government agencies or private institutions in
support of national, economic and political objectives, and also to generate support and
community participation to PNP programs.
Community Information/Education Program
 These are activities designed to disseminate timely and relevant information to the
community, improve image and credibility and provide a psychological environment to
support PNP activities on internal and external targets. It utilizes various forms of media
to destroy the will of the criminals to continue with their anti-social behavior or criminal
activities. Activities include appearances in radio and television programs, dissemination
of press releases, and production/distribution of journals, digest, flyers, pamphlets and
other informative materials.
Economic Welfare Development Program
 These are activities designed to help provide alternative source of income through
livelihood skills development, cooperative development projects, and other livelihood
trainings in coordination with government agencies/institutions. It aims to improve the
quality of life of the community and help poverty alleviation programs of the government
through the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC). These programs for External
Targets will make the community satisfied which will result in their changed perception of
the PNP. This will propel them to work and become partners of the PNP in its various
anti- crime and development programs.

Evolution of PCR Policy Plans

1) Organizational Plan "SAMBAYAN"
 This Organization Plan aims to generate community partnerships and forge a united
front for the promotion of peace and order.
 it is designed to unify and harmonize the efforts of all PCR units and to encourage broad
networking, coordination and integration of all related undertakings within the PNP,
LGUs, various sectoral groups and people's organization.
 The PNP shall organize several sectors of the community as united action against
criminality, and shall address the organizational efforts of the communist terrorist and
any perceived threats in the community. Since the enemy effort uses the sectoral
organizational approach to mobilize the communities, the PNP shall necessarily
organize sectors of society to correspond to their effort.
Why Public support is needed?
 Public support is needed to make it easier for the police to accomplish their task
successfully.
PUBLIC RELATION
 This is a program designed to make the public aware of what the agency is doing, why is
it doing, and how it contributes to the welfare of the community.
What are the Types of Public Relation?
A. PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS
 Familiarizing the public with the true nature of police operations. This includes:
a. Mobile Vans
Variety of displays and exhibits of police equipment, which help to explain to the public, what
the police do and how they do it.
b. Displays and Exhibits
Set up in department stores, shopping centers, and other public locations are popular
ways in which the police can bring their messages to the public.
c. Information Materials
Distribution of pamphlets or brochures designed to explain their services to the public.
d. Open House
 Public tours facility conducted during certain times of the year such as police week, or
law, observance week.
e. Public Speakers
 Providing speakers for various types of public gatherings such as civic clubs,
businessmen, associations and social groups.
f. Ride Along
 Permits number of the community, to ride in a police car with an officer and observed
field operations.
B. INFORMATIONAL PROGRAMS
 providing the public with information which is directly related to the interest and needs of
the community. This Includes:
a. New Arrivals
 making some members of the community feel at home in their new surroundings.
b. Traffic Advisory Reports
  coordinate with the media in announcing important traffic matters such as road accidents,
highway construction and traffic congestion.
c. Informational Bureaus
 Information about such things as renewal of driver's license, payments of utility bills,
availability of legal services and other items.
d. Informational Brochures
 provide the public with booklets, pamphlets and other types of publications, which
contain information of community interest.
C. IMAGE BUILDING PROGRAMS
 promoting programs which are designed to create a more favorable public image of the
police. This can be achieved through:
a. Citizens awards
b. Police Color Guard
C. Police Citizens Luncheons
d. Operational Handshake
e. Recruit Visitation Programs f. Community Events
g. Gifts Packages

What are the duties of the Public Relation Officer?

1) To evaluate public opinion and attitudes with respect to the police, methods and personnel of
the police station.
2) To advice the police station commander with regard to the public relations aspects of few or
revised department programs, policies, procedures and activities.
3) To plan and to carry out programs aimed at keeping the public informed on police activities.
4) To provide staff supervision of all police activities that may influence public support.

Foundation of Public Relations

 they are basically founded on the GOLDEN RULE: "do not do unto others what you do
not want others unto you.” In addition, public relations are founded on the following:
a. Give before you seek to get
b. Give what is due to others.
C. See the other person's side
d. Respect, so you would be respected.

INDIVIDUAL PUBLIC RELATIONS

 As individuals, police officers shall develop personal relationship with the public which is
divided into the following categories:
1) Domestic Relations
this consist of a person's dealing with his family, parents and immediate relatives, with
whom he has to have good relationship in order to develop a respectable family prestige as well
as cordial community relations.
2) Neighborhood Relations
this consist of a person's dealing with neighbor who constitute a vital link to good
reputation in the community
3) Community Relations
this is made up of person's dealing with the citizens of the community, city or town where
a person likes. These also include his membership or contributions to civil undertakings and his
membership or contribution to the organization or community associations in the locality.
4) Church Relation
this consists of a person's dealing with religious affiliation that is necessary for the
stability of moral principles.
5) Government Relations
this is made of the dealings, which a person has with the government and its various
instrumentalities. The recognition of government authorities, its laws and ordinance, as well as
other public responsibilities, are significant phases of an individual public relations.

GENERAL RULES ON OFFICIAL CONDUCT

 All police shall adhere to the following in the performance of their duties:
1) Police shall be habitually courteous. They shall recognize their responsibilities as public
servants and shall be particularly attentive to citizens who seek assistance or information or who
desire to register complaints or give evidence.
2) They shall accept their responsibility to the public by being punctual in their engagements
and expeditions in the performance of their duties.
3) They shall regard their office s a public trust, and in the discharge of their duties, be
constantly mindful of their primary obligation to serve the duties, be constantly mindful of their
primary obligation to serve the public efficiency and effectively.
4) They shall administer the law in a just, Impartial and reasonable manner: not accord to some,
more reasonable manner: and shall not accord to some, more treatment than to others. They
shall recognize the limitations of their authority and at no time to use the power of their office of
their own personnel advantage,
5) They shall be true to their obligation as custodian of public properly and shall bear in mind
that the misuse and waste of money from the public treasury is bad.
6) They shall not limit their effectiveness in the administration of their office by accepting tokens
of gratitude, or by giving preferential treatment to certain corporations with whom they may have
official dealings.
7) They shall cooperate fully with all other public officials to the end that the safety and general
welfare of the public will be assured. They shall not permit jealousies or personal differences to
influence their cooperation with other agencies.
8) They shall add their effectiveness by diligent study and sincere attention to improvement.
They shall welcome the opportunity to disseminate practical and useful information relating to
matters of the disseminate practical and useful information relating to matters of the public's
safety and welfare.
9) They shall not conduct their public and private life that the public will regard them as a
example of stability, fidelity and morality.
10) They shall bear faithful allegiance to their government, and be loyal to their profession. They
shall accept, as a sacred obligation their responsibility as citizens to support the Constitution of
the Philippines: as a public official, consider the privilege of defending the principles of Liberty
as define din our Constitution and law. This is greatest honor that may be bestowed upon any
man.
COMMUNITIES IN COMMUNITY RELATIONS
 In PCR, the police is not actually dealing with a single community but rather to various
communities with distinct characteristics. These communities could be categorized into
External and Internal Communities.

POLICE APPEARANCE AND THE COMMUNITY

Police Personal Appearance
 A police officer's personal appearance squeaks well his department. To ensure positive
opinion to his department or organization, he should observe the following:
a) He shall be properly attired and equipped whenever he appears before the public.
b) He carries with him only the prescribed regulation weapons and other related items.
c) He shall dress moderately and of good taste if and when they must wear civilian clothes.
d) He must maintain good posture and grooming.
e) He must see to it that his uniform is clean and properly maintain.
Police Satisfactory Uniform
 A satisfactory uniform, comfortable for the officer and pleasant to the eye is important.
Attractive snappy uniforms influence the moral of the policeman as well as the "Esprit de
Corps" of the entire police force.
 A policeman should be kept in a condition of good health and cleanliness and not to be
permitted to become wrinkled or stained. Should have at least two uniforms to facilitate
and maintain cleanliness.
Police Personnel Cleanliness
 Personal cleanliness is very important in dealing with the community. Hence, a
policeman should:
a) Be required to shave daily and to have their hair cut regularly.
b) Have frequent bath.
c) Have clean fingernails and other parts of the body.
Periodic Inspection
 These factors of personal appearance and their effect on the community justify among
others, the periodic inspections of the force. Attention should be given in such
inspections not only to hearing, address and equipment, but also on the aspect of
personal cleanliness just mentioned.
Policeman Mental Attitude
 The attitude of police officer is quite important as his physical condition and appearance
because it determines his conduct and reaction to the community. His attitude is
reflected in his financial expression, voice, word used and actions. Therefore:
a) He must be friendly and show willingness to serve.
b) He must not forget that he is a Public servant, appointed for the role purpose of serving
the community.
c) He must not give an impression of haughtiness, aloofness, officiousness or
condescension.
d) He must refrain sarcasm and flippancy.
e) He must develop pride in his organization.
f) He must be proud that he is an officer and conduct himself with the dignity of that officer.
Policeman Habits and Conversation
a) Police officer must avoid subjects of smutty or questionable nature.
b) Police officer must establish habits of conversation, which are pleasing to the listeners
and avoid giving offense of the subject matter or the method
 c) He must watch his diction and his English; he should test the fails of sloppy habits of
speech. The attitude of Police officer is quite important as his physical.
d) Should keep his hands out of his pockets, whether engaged in conversation or
otherwise.
Although these items may seem of little consequence, and perhaps in more fundamental
analysis may be relatively unimportant but most policeman are judged by their language and
conversation.
Policemen Personal Habits
 The personal habits of the individual police officer strongly influence the attitude of the
community towards the police. Thus:
a) He should avoid restless habit such as tapping his finger or feet, whittling or other
evidence of
nervousness.
b) He should not permit himself to develop such unpleasant personal habits such as,
hawking and spitting, smoking while on duty in public place.
c) He should not smoke when speaking to a citizen. Smoking habits that are offensive to
the public should not be permitted whether on the street or headquarters.
Policemen should avoid Evil Doings
The policemen must not only avoid evil; he must also avoid the appearance of evil. Thus:
a) He should be careful to avoid questionable associates and to spend spare time and
obtained his recreation in the company of those whose character and reputation and
irreproachable.
b) He must avoid controversial questions, those dealing with religion, politics and the
laws.
c) He must avoid domestic difficulties more assiduously than the average citizen.
d) He must abstain from drinking intoxication beverage to excess.
e) He shall not buy nor use or process smuggled products.
f) He shall avoid accepting any fees, rewards or gifts of any type, for any service
rendered in the performance of his duty other than his authorized salary or shall use his position
for material consideration.
g) He should avoid "bad habits" celebrating Christmas, New Year and other occasion by
firing their guns.
POLICE HEADQUARTERS AND THE COMMUNITY
 It was mentioned that the appearances of a police station/headquarters influence the
attitude of both the police and the community. This can be further attained by the
observance of the following guidelines.
Appearance of Police Station
 The station/headquarters must have a business like appearance, unsightly trash
eliminated; thus, the police station/headquarter must have the following appearance:
a) Must have presentable view inside or outside.
b) Must possess a well keep office that is worthy of the discipline of its force, honor ideas of
Law enforcers.
c) Must be strict in anti-littering/smoking campaign in the building or grounds and police
equipment shall be maintained properly
d) Trashcan shall be available and comfort room shall be clean and free from foul odors.
e) Must be identifiable and desk shall bear the name of the policemen for public
convenience and information.
Policeman at Station/Headquarters
 The policemen station/headquarters should not only maintain a high standard of
efficiency, but it should give an appearance of efficiency.
 This is created by a business like attitude and conduct on the part of the policemen.
Thus, the policemen must avoid the following attitude:
a) Policeman should not roughhouse among themselves in public view.
b) They should restrict their activities to the assembly room or those sections of the
station reserved for their rest of reaction. Otherwise the public may conclude that they
are lofting while on duty.
c) He shall not in the station/office or elsewhere while on duty, drink any intoxicating
liquor or take prohibited drugs or report to duty under the influence of liquor or prohibited drugs;
or habitual drunkard to the prejudice of his duty.
d) Police should not indulge in loud, boisterous talk that can be heard by the public.
e) They should avoid an appearance of idleness and create an impression of business
like efficiency
2. INFORMATION PLAN "SANTINIG"
 This Plan sets forth the concept of operation, operational guidelines and tasks of all PNP
units/offices for a deliberate, synchronized, and concerted effort to inform the public of
the activities, programs and accomplishments of the PNP.
 It is aimed at regaining the trust, support and cooperation of the citizenry in contributing
to the attainment of the national government's goal of a STRONG REPUBLIC. This Plan
is also aimed at the development of a favorable public attitude towards the government
and the deepening of public appreciation to the growing political, social and economic
dimension of national security.
1. Public Information Program- This is designed to bridge any communication gap between
police and public. This is the basic among the first four programs of community relation.
 Duties of Public Information Officers:
a. He must be kept well-informed so that he will understand and appreciate the
complexities of police work and the good service the police render to the community.
b. He must be informed that the greatest number of the police in the community
shall benefit as much as possible, by using mass and personal media.
Activities implemented by Public Information Officer:
a. Inform the barangay officials regarding trends and other police community problems
b. Police station commanders assign a place in police station for barangay leaders so that they
can work together and provide coordination.
C. Produce and distribute brochures, advising the people on how to protect themselves in their
homes and premises.
d. Conduct environment sanitation seminars.
e. Conduct troop information or educational and historical lectures in all units' officers of police
district.
f. Police officers deliver Lectures and Public appearance to hear civic group and civic
organizations.
g. Discuss with high school students and parents and or teacher's association about drug abuse
prevention control.
h. Conduct cleanliness, saturation or information drive where notices of such deficiencies are
issued.
i. Establish police counseling centers in zones/barangays to provide to barangay leaders on
crime prevention and control.
j. Conduct of barangay tanod seminars.
2. Public Relation Program - this is designed to maintain harmony and mutual support
between the police and the community.
Duties of Public Relation Officers - he shall:
a. Regularly issue press releases concerning police activities which are of public concern.
b. Evolve and conduct public rotation program to promote and closer relations between the
police and the community.
C. Build good image through actual commendable performance, without inefficiency and
corruption.
d. Evaluate public opinion and attitude with respect to the policies methods, personnel of the
police station.
e. Plan and carry out programs aimed at keeping the public informed on police activities.
Activities implemented by Public Relations Officers:
a. Conduct face-to-face communications including dialogue with the public.
b. Attend social cultural activities of the barangay, such as birthdays, weddings baptismal parties,
wake and others.
c. Render all possible assistance, especially to the men folk in enabling them obtain the means
of productive endeavors and discourage them from loitering in the street, or engaging
uneconomic activities such as illegal gambling and others.
d. Whenever feasible, he shall promote and actively participate in the establishment of free
medical and dental civic action with special attention to the community.
Activities Implemented by a Civic Action officers:
a. Assist National Red Cross on blood donation campaign by exerting extra effort in appealing to
barangay officials.
b. Conduct free medical and dental civic action community.
c. Conduct free de worming of affected children in depressed areas.
d. Assist citizens in case of transportation strike and other similar cause.
e. Develop and maintain cleanliness and beautification of surroundings.
f. Attend to backyard gardening, tree planting projects.
3. Psychological program - This is designed to condition both friendly and hostile public
thereby insuring and facilitating the attainment of police objectives. This program is designed to
influence the opinions, emotions attitude and behavior of the community so that they will behave
in a manner beneficial to the police, either directly or indirectly. It will condition the citizenry to
adhere to the laws of the land and dissuade them in committing crime. These may be in spoken,
written, pictorial or musical form.

Duties of Psychological operation officers- he shall:

a. Strive to mold the youth into useful and law abiding citizens, thereby minimizing their
chances to engage in the criminal activities and preventing them from being influenced by the
misguided elements of society.
b. Be adequately prepared to articulate on the gains achieved by the government in
formal or informal gathering so that they can develop unity and cooperation among people and
neutralized any smear campaign being wage by the elements hostile to our government.
c. Develop attitude of deep concern for the individuals in his area of operation instead of
being indifferent to their problems.
d. Be instrumental in the development of civic mindedness among the criminal offenders
under his custody by providing examples why crime does not pay.
Activities implemented by Psychological Operation Officer:
a. Conduct seminars for barangay officials, police civic relation officers, and school
officials to enable them to understand home defense activities.
b. Promote seminars among barangay leaders regarding community relation activities.
c. Identify income-generating projects/activities.

STRUCTURE COMPONENTS OF POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS (PCR)

What is Police Information and Education?
 These are communication activities utilizing the various forms of media. These geared
toward creating consciousness and awareness among target audience on facts and
issues vital to the development of an efficient, respected, and supported police force.
The two major components are:
a. Community Information
 these are activities utilizing the various forms of media directed towards the public at
large. These are designed to increase the public's consciousness and knowledge of
facts and issues for purpose of enhancing law enforcement, counter insurgency and
crime prevention efforts, increasing crime solution efficiency to include weakening of the
will of criminal elements and insurgents and enlightening other groups of individual
critical to the government in general and the police organization in particular.
b. Institutional Information
 these are activities utilizing the various forms of Media directed towards the public at
large designed to generate trust, confidence and popular support for the police
organization or simply enhancing public perception and knowledge about the police as
an Institution of the government.
What does it mean by Police Community Affairs?
 These are the activities outside law enforcement but which necessities PNP support and
or participation. The end ultimately contributes to better appreciation and an enhanced
support to the police organization in whole in part by the populace. The three major sub-
components are:
1. Community Assistance and Development- these are under taken upon the initiative of the
police unit or personnel for the purpose of enhancing life as a means of drawing the support,
appreciation and support of the public towards the police organization. Examples are:
a. Skills, Livelihood, and Cooperative Development.
b. Sports, and Socio-Cultural development
c. Medical and Dental Outreach Services.
d. Tree Planting
2. Community Inter-Relation - these are under taken upon the Initiative of other government
agencies, non- governmental organization, and or individual citizens whereby a police
organization or personnel actively contributes time, money and or services as a means of
drawing the support, appreciation, and cooperation of the public towards the police organization
in a whole in or part.
3. Community Organization and Mobilization- these are activities revolving around the
accreditation of existing groups or creation of new ones with the end in view of having allies
within various sectors in the community who could be tapped to assist in the conduct of law
services, community works and the like.
3. LOI 22/09 "BAYANIHAN" (Barangay Peacekeeping Operations)
 The Philippine National Police (PNP) recognizes the role of the Barangay Tanods,
Bantay Bayan, Civilian Volunteer Organizations, Barangay Auxiliaries, Non-Government
Organizations and other People's Organization that can be utilized as Force Multipliers
in the fight against criminality, insurgency and terrorism. These organizations are also
able partners in the development of the community. Executive Order No. 546 authorizes
the PNP to deputize the Barangay Tanods as force multiplier in the implementation of the
peace and order plan subject to the concurrence of the appropriate Local Chief
Executive through the Local Peace and Order Council (LPOC). It is along this line that a
peacekeeping concept responsive to the unique criminality and peace and order
condition of the Philippines has been crafted and adopted. The concept shall basically
entail PNP members to lead in the fight against all forms of criminality issues/concerns
distinct to their area of responsibility, to include insurgency problem, through active
citizen's involvement and community empowerment
 The basic concept of Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPKO) is through the
employment of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATS). The BPKO shall be the
PNP's -catch-all strategy in the maintenance of peace and order. The BPATS shall be
composed of different sectors in the community as force multipliers. *They shall be
under the supervision and control of the lowest PNP unit in the locality known as the
Police Community Precincts. The BPATs, as the main actors, shall conduct community-
based activities and information campaign in support of the PNP's anti-criminality effort,
internal security operation, and disaster management and control program.
 A Barangay Peacekeeping Desk (BPDs) shall also be established at the City and
Municipal Police Stations (CPS/MPS) and at the PCPs or Kababayan Centers, where
local residents and police officers in the area shall meet regularly to discuss peace and
order problems, formulate solutions, and discuss other matters of common interest.
 The general concept of Barangay Peacekeeping is to involve the Barangay Officials,
Tanods, CVOS and other Force multipliers in the task of crime prevention, control and
suppression in partnership with the PNP from the provincial down to the community
precincts level and the Local Government Executives and Heads of concerned Agencies.
The BPATS shall function according to the following components:
a) law enforcement;
b) community organization (united front against criminality);
c) disaster management and response activities;
 d) environmental protection; and
e) on-the-spot barangay conflict resolution (support to Barangay Justice System)
 Any case that will require hearing or falls within the auspices of the Barangay Justice
System shall be referred it and subsequently reflected in its logbook. Cases which need
police intervention must be acted upon by the police immediately.
 The organizational structure of the police-community precincts shall facilitate the
rendering of direct assistance and service to the people by line elements, Command of
line elements shall be as close as practicable to the people. In rural areas where there
are no PCPs or Kababayan Centers, BPDs shall be at the Barangay Halls and shall be
visited on a regular basis by designated Police Supervisors and lead the force multipliers
on carrying out their daily duties and functions as mentioned
SALAAM Police Center and Counter Radicalization
 Another important aspect in the PNP's PCR plan is to oversee foreign nationals' and
cultural minorities' concerns, especially in the aspect of safety and security. This is the
main reason for the creation of the Salaam Police Center and Counter Radicalization.
1. Functions
a) Undertake close monitoring, networking and liaising activities with Muslim
communities in addressing terrorism and lawless violence in their respective areas to ensure
respect of cultural diversity and cooperation;
b) Conduct training, seminars and continuing education to the Muslim and Non-Muslim
PNP personnel in terms of counter radicalization and deradicalization efforts of the PNP to
include Muslim elders, Ulama and Muslim scholars;
c) Conduct information dissemination about Muslim beliefs, culture and traditions to Non-
Muslim PNP personnel, students from different levels and the tri-media thru dialogues, radio
guesting, school visitations and flyers distribution to promote harmony and awareness;
d) Serves as coordinating body among the regular PNP operating units, different Salaam
Police Offices in the ground, and AFP units in the conduct of police operations against Muslim
personalities or in Muslim communities including arrest, investigation, and filing of cases to
safeguard the proper implementation of law and observance of human rights;
e) Enhance linkages with the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos and the Muslim-
Christian communities to ensure effective community partnership in addressing terrorist threats
and violence;
f) Strengthening of the Salaam Police Center to operate with autonomy as a separate
unit, similar to the setup of HRAO and WCPC, with appropriate personnel, logistical, and
financial capability;
g) Allow the Muslim police officers to wear veil or -Hijab||, long skirts and pants as well
as male police officers to wear jogging pants during athletics, to hide their-aurat (private parts;
h) Increase the number of police personnel assigned at the Salaam Police Center in
order to be more effective in their basic police service, and encouraging the assignment of new
recruits to the Salaam Police Center after basic training with the permanency of assignment
depending on their performance;
i) Formulate specific PNP policy raising the consciousness of its personnel in the
religious, social, cultural aspects of the Muslims which are sensitive to Islam faith and which
could build significant development in peace process; and
j) Close coordination with the Office of the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos for
the Muslim PNP personnel to participate on the Hajj mission subject to availability of funds.
2. Important Terminologies
a) Saalam is Arabic word which means peace.
b) Salaam Police refers to a Muslim police officer assigned at the Salaam Police Center
or Salaam Division of DPCR
c) Salaam Police Center is the operating unit of the Salaam Police.
d) Salaam Division is an operating division of DPCR under a Muslim Officer which also
undertakes staff function for DPCR.
e) Mosque/Masjeed is a building of worship of the Muslims.
f) Madrasa is the Islamic School of the Muslims.
g) Imamis the Muslim religious leader or priest.
h) NCMF refers to the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos

The Attributes of a PCR Man

 The PCR man is the role model in the community. The community looks upon him with
respect, learns from him how to respect the laws, and cooperates with him because
what he is doing is for the good of the community. He renders impartial enforcement of
the law because the community knows that he represents the law. By his mere presence,
the community is assured of the absence of crime and disorder.
 To command this kind of perception and earn the respect of the community, he must
therefore display the following attributes:

1) He is the father to all the kids-Discipline in the community starts from homes where the
father of the family sets house rules which every member has to follow. Fathering however can
no longer be felt by the kids the moment they leave their respective homes for school or
elsewhere. The community police therefore supplement this fathering vacuum in the street. The
PCR operator should show concern for the kids he meets in the street like every does. He asks
the kids how well they are, how they fared in school, give them guidance not to cut classes,
study their lessons, be courteous to elderly and their teachers, offers assistance to intervene
when abused by their parents or siblings. In short, when the kids can't find somebody to ally
with him, it is not the peers or the destructive gangs in the street that the kids should seek for
support. The police should intervene in this dysfunction before a child seeks somebody else for
support.
2) He is a friend to the working adults-The police in the neighborhood is a dependable ally of
the working sector of the community who leaves their homes unattended and at the mercy of
burglars and brigands. The police make a round and checks homes if they are properly secured,
if kids or elderly were left alone and sees if they may need some help from the appropriate
agencies.
3) He is the loving son to the elderly-He is a policeman in the neighborhood who visits
elderly who normally need some attention. He visits the sick elderly and those living alone, and
sees that the appropriate agencies in the government like the DSWD are attending to their
needs. He takes conscious efforts to bring food when needed during the visit, or takes time to
bring the visited elderly for medical check- up to a government hospital, run errand to call the
attention of the nearest kin, or takes the elderly for a joy ride or walk in a public park.

Comprehensive PCR Plans

 The two major components of the plan are Internal Reform and Gaining of Institutional
Support. Both aims to improve the image of the PNP and re-assure the general public
that they can depend on the police organization to be their protector and guardian in
order to hasten and facilitate community mobilization for anti-crime efforts.

ACRONYMS AND MEANINGS

AGM-Anti-Government Movements
BADAC-Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Council
BJS-Barangay Justice System
BPAT-Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team
BPDs-Barangay Peacekeeping Desks
BPKO-Barangay Peacekeeping Operations
CAD, DPCR-Community Affairs Division, DPCR
COPS-Community-Oriented Policing System
COV-Community Organization Volunteer
C/MPS-City/Municipal Police Stations
CTM-Communist Terrorist Movement
CVO-Civilian Volunteer Organization
DPCR-Directorate for Police Community Relations
FJGADD, DPCR-Family, Juvenile, Gender and Development Division
GAD-Gender and Development
IORC, DPCR-Information Operation Research Center,
DISCLAIMER:
DPCRISO-Internal Security Operation
LCES-Local Chief Executives
LGUS-Local Government Units
LPOC-Local Peace and Order Council
MOA-Memorandum of Agreement
MOU-Memorandum of Understanding
NGOS-Non Government Organizations
PAGS-Private Armed Groups
P/CPSC-Provincial/City Public Safety Company
PCPs-Police Community Precincts
PID, DPCR-Public Information Division, DPCR
POP-Police Operational Procedures
PPD, DPCR-Plans and Programs Division, DPCR
RPSB-Regional Public Safety Battalion
SPC, DPCR-Salaam Police Center, DPCR
TRO-Temporary Restraining Order

Etiquette in Private and Professional Dealings

Etiquette refers to the good manners that an individual must possess in order to
establish a place in society and earn respect and recognition from others.

Professionalism is described as a person's behavior at work. Despite the word's

etymology, this attribute is not limited to what we refer to as "the professions," which are often
high-paying jobs that demand a lot of schooling.

Although these industries need little training and pay less, many cashiers, maintenance
workers, and servers can display a high level of this attribute. A same number of doctors,
lawyers, and engineers, all of whom are referred to as professionals, can show relatively little.
What are some ways you may demonstrate your professionalism? Take note of the
following do’s and don'ts:

1. Make punctuality a top priority.

Arriving late for work or meetings sends the message to your supervisor and coworkers
that you don't care about your job, and, if it affects them, that you don't value their time. Keep an
eye on the time. If necessary, set alarms. Arrive at least a few minutes early for your first shift
and return from your breaks on schedule.
2. Avoid becoming a grump
When you arrive at work, leave your bad mood at the door. We have all had days when
we do not feel well. Remember not to vent your frustrations on your employer, coworkers, or,
most importantly, your customers. If your employment is the source of your dissatisfaction, it
may be time to consider quitting.
If it is not a possibility right now, figure out how to make the best of the situation.
3. Adequately Dressed
Your appearance should always be neat and clean, whether you have to dress up for
work or may wear more casual attire. A wrinkled suit is no more appealing than a ripped pair of
pants.
Choose the type of attire required by your employer. If there is no clothing code, choose
something that is appropriate for your workplace.
How you dress will affect your whole day activity. It is better to dress the comfortable
clothes where you can perform your work with ease and comfort.
4. Be Careful What You Say
In most businesses, swearing, cursing, or cussing—whatever you choose to call it—has
no place. If you do not know if it is okay in you, do not use vulgar language, especially if people
you might offend are present. Here is a good rule of thumb to remember: do not say anything at
work that you would not say to your grandmother.
5. Assisting Your Colleagues
When their coworkers are overburdened or experiencing a struggle at work, a true
professional is willing to assist them. They are not scared to give their information, ideas, or
simply a helping hand. Everyone in their organization benefits from one person's
accomplishment.
However, it is critical not to be overbearing. Do not press your offer if your colleague
declines. They might prefer to work on their own.
6. Do Not Disseminate Rumors
While you might be tempted to tell your cubicle neighbors about Suzy or Sam from
accounting, gossiping makes you look like a middle school student. If you have information you
need to discuss, tell someone who is not associated with your workplace, such as your sister,
mother, or closest friend.
7. Make an effort to maintain a positive attitude.
Negativity spreads quickly. If you constantly moan about your job, you will draw others
down with you. A reduction in employee morale is something your manager will not like. That is
not to say you should not speak up when you see anything that you believe is wrong. Give your
manager comments and a strategy on how to improve if you notice something that needs to be
rectified.Stop whining if you are whining for no cause.
8. Do not Try to Hide Your Mistakes
Own your mistakes, as difficult as it may be, and then do your best to remedy them.
Make sure you do not repeat the process. Even if they deserve it, never blame others for your
mistakes. Instead, lead by example so that those who share blame for the error can come
forward and accept responsibility.
9. Always fight on an even keel.
You will certainly have conflicts with your coworkers or perhaps your supervisor from
time to time. You may believe that something should be done one way while someone else
believes it should be done another way. Allowing yourself to become furious is not a good idea.
Screaming, name-calling, or slamming doors are not permitted in the workplace,
regardless of how outraged you are or how strongly you believe you are correct. Explain your
point of view calmly and be prepared to walk away if you are unable to persuade the other
person or if they begin to lose control.
Of course, you should avoid physical touch at all costs.
10. Do not Lie
Whether it is lying on your resume or calling in ill when you are not, lying always makes
you appear awful. A true professional always tells it like it is. You have two options if you are
unqualified for a job. Do not apply at all, or apply with an application that accurately shows your
qualifications. Explain how your other strengths compensate for the missing criteria if you
choose the second choice. If you need a day off, take a personal or vacation day instead of
lying about being sick.
11. Do not Dry Your Dirty Clothes
While confiding in a close coworker is generally just fine, disclosing too much information
to the entire office is not. When it comes to addressing concerns with your spouse or other
family members, choose your friends and family members carefully. If you do decide to disclose
something personal with your coworkers, avoid doing so in front of customers or clients.

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