RAMAKRISHNA MISSION VIVEKANANDA

EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE,

MORABADI, RANCHI

Course – M.A./M.Sc. in Rural Development and

Management

Mid-Term, Assessment
Topic – 1. Practical of DOS (Disc Operating System) 2.
Microsoft Excel

Subject Code – RDM 306

Subject – Computer Application and Management
Information System

Name – Biswajit Ghosh

Registration No. – R2330077
Batch – RDM 2023
 Introduction:
A Disk Operating System (DOS) is an operating system that primarily uses disk storage
devices, like hard drives or floppy disks, to manage files, execute programs, and handle
other essential tasks on a computer. DOS provides a command-line interface (CLI) through
which users can type commands to perform various operations, such as copying files,
executing programs, and managing directories.

 Command-Based Operation:
DOS operates through commands, which are specific words or abbreviations of English
terms that the system recognizes. When a user inputs a command, DOS interprets it and
performs the corresponding action. Due to its reliance on commands, DOS is also
commonly referred to as the Command Prompt.

 Types of Commands in DOS:

DOS commands are categorized into two types-

1. Internal Commands: These are commands that are built into the "Command.com" file
of DOS. They are always available and do not require any additional files to execute.
Examples include-
• CLS: Clears the screen.
• VOL: Displays the disk volume label.
• TIME: Shows or sets the system time.
• DATE: Shows or sets the system date.
• COPY: Copies files from one location to another.

2. External Commands: These commands are not part of the "Command.com" file but
are included in separate files within the DOS system. They are executed as standalone
programs.

Examples include-
• TREE: Displays a directory structure graphically.
• FORMAT: Formats a disk for use with DOS.
• MODE: Configures system devices such as printers or display settings.

DOS, with its command-line interface, laid the groundwork for more complex operating
systems and remains a fundamental part of computing history.

If we have installed WINDOWS as our main Operating System then we get a DOS environment
within WINDOWS. MS DOS (Microsoft DOS) environment can be run on computer through
WINDOWS in following way:
Click on start button and in the list produced click on “RUN” option. A dialog box appears. In
this dialog box, type cmd or command in the given box next to label “Open”. Press enter or
click on OK button. DOS will open on your computer screen.
Start RUN

 Some Internal Commands:

1. CLS To clear the screen.

\>cls

2. DIR To view the directory and files

C:\>Dir

Ex: C:\>dir
Volume in drive C is Windows-SSD Volume
Serial Number is F6CF-F5EB

Directory of C:\

28-10-2022 12:47 <DIR> Drivers

24-08-2024 10:53 <DIR> INDIA
16-06-2024 00:00 <DIR> Program Files
16-03-2024 06:43 <DIR> Program Files (x86)
28-02-2024 06:47 <DIR> Users
24-08-2024 10:57 <DIR> wb
27-08-2024 22:13 <DIR> Windows
01-03-2024 13:58 <DIR> XboxGames
0 File(s) 0 bytes 8
Dir(s) 413,212,446,720 bytes free

3. DATE To View and change the date

C:\>Date

Ex:
 C:\>date
The current date is: 28-08-2024
Enter the new date: (dd-mm-yy)

4. TIME To view and change the time. C:\>Time

Ex:
C:\>time
The current time is: 0:28:40.68
Enter the new time:

5. Exit To exit from DOS screen.

C:\>Exit

6. Cd\ To go to the root/main directory

C:\Computer\Monitor>cd\
C:\>

Ex:
C:\India\WB>cd\ C:\>

7. Cd To change the directory.

C:\>CD φ<Directory Name>

Ex:
C:\>cd india C:\India>

8. Cd.. To go one directory back.

C:\Computer\Monitor>cd..
C:\Computer>

Ex:
C:\India\WB>cd..
C:\India>cd.. C:\>

9. Cd... To go two directory back.

C:\Computer\Monitor>cd..
C:\>

10. Md To make a new directory

 C:\> MD φ<Directory Name>

Ex:
C:\> md φ India

11. Rd To remove any existing directory

C:\>RD φ <Directory Name>

12. Copy Con To create a file.

C:\>COPY φ CON φ<FILE NAME>

Ex: C:\India\WB>copy con

Kolkata is the capital of West Bengal.^Z
1 file(s) copied.

13. COPY To copy the file.

C:\>Copyø<File Name>ø<New File Name>

14. Del To delete a file

C:\>DEL φ <File Name>

15. Ren To rename the file

C:\>REN φ <OLD FILE NAME> φ <NEW FILE NAME>

16. Ver To check the version of DOS

C:\>VER Ex:
C:\>ver
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22631.4037]

17. Type To display the contents.

C:\>TYPE φ<File Name>

Ex:
C:\India\WB>type capital1
Kolkata is the capital of West Bengal.

18. Vol To check DOS volume.

C:\>Vol

19. Label To apply label to any drive.

 C:\> Label <Name>

20. Attrib To change the attribute of a directory or a file. c:\>Attribø<File

Name>ø+h/-hø+s/-sø+r/-r

21. Color To change the colour of background and font of DOS screen
c:\>color φ <any digit from 0 to 9 or ABCDEF>

Ex:
C:\>color 1 (Then color change into blue.)

 Some External Commands:

1. FORMAT To format any Drive.

C:\>FORMAT φ<DRIVE>

2. TREE To view directory & Sub directory

C:\>Treeø<Directery Name>
Ex: C:\>tree india
Folder PATH listing for volume Windows-SSD
Volume serial number is F6CF-F5EB
C:\INDIA
├───bh
├───ch
├───jh
└───wb

3. CHKDSK To Check disk or drive

C:\>Chkdsk

4. MOVE To move any file to any location.

C:\>Move<sorce File Name>ø<Destination>

5. Edit To edit or modify the contents of the text file.

C:\>EDIT φ <File Name>
 MS Excel

Microsoft Excel: Overview

Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet application that is part of the Microsoft Office
suite. It is primarily used for:

1. Performing Calculations: Excel allows users to perform simple arithmetic operations

as well as complex mathematical functions using formulas.

2. Creating Graphs: It can generate various types of charts and graphs to visually
represent data, making it easier to interpret trends and insights.

3. Maintaining Databases: Excel can manage large datasets, store records, and sort or
filter data to analyze specific information.

4. Data Analysis: It offers advanced tools like PivotTables and built-in functions for
statistical and financial analysis, which help in making data-driven decision

Key Features of Microsoft Excel:

1. Spreadsheets and Worksheets: Excel organizes data into rows and columns within
worksheets, allowing for structured data management and calculations.

2. Formulas and Functions: Excel offers a wide range of built-in formulas (e.g., SUM,
AVERAGE, IF) and functions for performing calculations and automating tasks.

3. Data Visualization: The ability to create various charts and graphs (e.g., bar, line, pie)
helps users visually represent data and identify trends.

4. PivotTables: This powerful feature allows for quick data summarization, filtering, and
analysis, making it easier to find insights from large datasets.

5. Conditional Formatting: Users can apply formatting rules to highlight data that
meets certain conditions, such as coloring cells based on their value.

6. Data Sorting and Filtering: Excel allows users to organize data by sorting it
(alphabetically or numerically) and filtering it to display only relevant information.

7. Data Validation: Ensures the accuracy and consistency of data entered into cells by
restricting inputs to certain types or ranges.

8. Macros: Excel supports automation of repetitive tasks through the use of Macros,
which are recorded actions that can be played back.

9. Collaboration Tools: Excel offers features like shared workbooks and real-time
editing, enabling multiple users to collaborate on the same document.
 10. Importing and Exporting Data: Excel can handle data from various sources (e.g.,
CSV files, databases) and export data to formats like PDFs or spreadsheets for sharing
and analysis.

Formula:
First Surname Full Jan Feb March Apr May June Tot Avg
Name Name
Amitabh
Amitabh Bacchan Bacchan 972 688 1201 871.33
Ajay Devgan Ajay 668 608 769 948.50
Devgan
Shahrukh Khan Shahrukh 642 1213 576 956.50
Khan
Salman Khan Salman 541 803 1477 962.83
Khan
Rajkumar Rao Rajkumar 1119 970.83
Rao
Akshay Kumar Akshay 715 1001.00
Kumar
Hritik Roshan Hritik 1291 1039.17
Roshan
Irfan Khan Irfan 744 1431 1292 1039.17
Khan
Manoj
Manoj Vajpayee Vajpayee 1169 1096.33
Amir Khan Amir 1156 1455 1058 586 6817 1136.17
Khan
Amitabh
Amitabh Bacchan Bacchan 972 688 1201 536 1137 694 5228 871.33

Add column:
 Right click of the mouse > Insert > Entire column > ok .
 Home tab > Insert > Insert Sheet Column.

Add Row
 Right click of the mouse > Insert > Entire row > ok .
 Home tab > Insert > Insert Sheet Rows.

Format Painter Select column/row > Format Painter > Select

another row/column.
Make table
 Select > Format as table > Choose a table style.  Select
any cell > insert menu from Home > table > ok.

Concatenate Function
Add a column name ‘Full Name’ > select full name cell (C3) > =CONCATENATE(A3," ",B3)
> Enter > Drag down for entire Column.

Clear Format Select > Editing menu from Home bar > Clear
> Clear format.

Sort & Filter

 Select Name Column > Editing from Home bar > Sort & filter > Sort A to Z/Sort Z to A.
 In the case of numerical: Select total income (Tot) Column > Editing from Home bar > Sort
Smallest to Largest/Sort Largest to Smallest.

Number Filter
Select column (Tot) > Editing > Sort & Filter > Filter > Number Filter > Choose any one from
Less than, Greater than, Between, etc. > Ok.

Highlight Cell
Select > Conditional formatting from the Style menu of the Home bar > Highlight Cell Rules
> Less than, Greater than, Between, etc.

Highlight Duplicate Value

Select > Conditional formatting from the Style menu of the Home bar > Highlight Cell Rules
> Duplicate Value > Ok.

Adjust Text in Cell

Select Cell > Alignment > Wrap Text

Slicer
Select table > Inset > Filter > Slicer > Select Column Name > Ok

Add Grade
Make a table ‘Grade’ A, B, C > Make a ‘Grade’ Column > Select > Data > Data Validation >
Settings > Allow “List” and Source ‘Grade’ Table > Ok