Chapter # 10

Exercise # 10a
Q-1. Describe a circle and it’s centre, radius diameter, chord, arc,
major arc minor arc and semi-circle.
Solution:

Circle: A set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point is called the center of
a circle.

Centre: The fixed point from which all points on the circle are equidistant.

Radius: The distance from the center of the circle to any point on the circle. It is half of the
diameter.

Diameter: A straight line passing from one side of the circle to the other, through the center. It is
twice the length of the radius.

Chord: A line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle.

Arc: A portion of the circumference of a circle.

Major Arc: The larger of the two arcs formed when a circle is divided into two arcs by a chord.

Minor Arc: The smaller of the two arcs formed when a circle is divided into two arcs by a
chord.

Semi-circle: An arc that represents half of a circle, formed by dividing the circle along its
diameter.

Q-2. Identify radii, diameters, chords and centre of the following

circles.
Solution:

Circle (i):

 Centre: O
  Radii: OA, OB, OC, OD, OE, OF (all line segments from the center O to the points on
the circle)
 Diameters: AB, CD (line segments passing through the center O and connecting two
points on the circle)
 Chords: AB, CD, FD, DE, AC and CB (line segments with both endpoints on the circle)

Circle (ii):

 Centre: O
 Radii: OA, OB, OD (all line segments from the center O to the points on the circle)
 Diameters: AB (line segment passing through the center O and connecting two points on
the circle)
 Chords: AB, BC, CD and AC (line segments with both endpoints on the circle).

Q-3. Identify the major arc, minor arc and semi-circles in the following
figures.
Solution:

Figure (i):

Major Arc: Arc BAC or Arc BDC (the larger arc formed by the endpoints B and C or D and E,
respectively)

Minor Arc: Arc BC or Arc DE (the smaller arc formed between points B and C or D and E,
respectively)

Semi-Circle: The diameter is DE which divides the circle into two equal parts represents two
semi-circle.

Figure (ii):

Major Arc: Arc FHG (the larger arc between points F and G that passes through point H)

Minor Arc: Arc HG, Arc FH (the smaller arc between points F and G)

Semi-Circle: The line segment FG divides the circle into two equal parts represents two semi-
circle.

Q-4. Find the area of each shaded region. Round the answerto two decimal
places. (use 𝝅 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒 ).
Solution:
 𝜃
Area of a Sector = ( ) × 𝜋 × 𝑟2
360
where:

 𝜃 is the central angle in degrees.

 𝑟 is the radius of the circle.
 𝜋 is approximately 3.14.
Figure (i):

 Radius (r): 12 inches

 Angle (𝜃): 210∘
210
Area of Sector = ( ) × 3.14 × (12)2 = 28.26 square centimeters
360
Figure (ii):

 Radius (r): 6 cm
 Angle (𝜃): 90∘
90
Area of Sector = ( ) × 3.14 × (6)2 = 28.26 square centimeters
360

Figure (iii):
Radius (r): 19 cm, Angle (𝜃): 240∘
240
Area of Sector = ( ) × 3.14 × (19)2 = 755.69 square centimeters
360

Q-5. Find the length of the arc AB.

Solution:

i).
To find the length of the arc 𝐴𝐵, we use the formula for the length of an arc in a circle:

Given that;

𝜃 = 120∘ (the central angle), 𝑟 = 6 cm (the radius), 𝜋 ≈ 3.14

𝜃 120
Arc Length = ( ) × 2𝜋𝑟 = ( ) × 2(6)(3.14) = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟔 𝐜𝐦
360 360

ii).

The diameter is 24 cm. Find the length of an arc CD.

To find the length of the arc 𝐶𝐷, we use the same formula for the arc length:

where:

24
𝜃 = 60∘ (the central angle), the diameter is 24 cm , so the radius 𝑟 = 2
= 12 cm, 𝜋 ≈ 3.14

𝜃 60
Arc Length 𝐴𝐷 = (360) × 2𝜋𝑟 = (360) × 2(3.14)(12) = 12.56 cm

Let's calculate the length of the arc 𝐶𝐷.

Q-6. Find the diameter of a circle containing an arc with a central angle of 80°
and whose length is 88π.
Solution:

To find the diameter, we can use the formula for the arc length:

where: 𝜃 = 80∘ and Arc Length = 88𝜋.

Solving for 𝑟 :
 80 88 × 360
88𝜋 = ( ) × 2𝜋𝑟 , 𝑟 = = 198
360 80 × 2

Then, the diameter 𝑑 = 2𝑟 = 2(198) = 396 𝑐𝑚.

Q-7. Find the length of an arc whose central angle is 𝟗𝟎∘ and whose
circumference is 𝟐𝟓𝝅.
Solution:

Given that;

𝜃 = 90∘, Circumference = 25𝜋

The formula for the arc length is:

𝜃 90
Arc Length = ( ) × Circumference = ( ) × 25𝜋 = 19.625 𝑐𝑚
360 360

Length of the arc: 19.625 cm

Q-8 The area of circle is 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝝅. Square inches. Find the area of the sector whose
central angle is 𝟒𝟓∘ .

Solution:

Given that; 𝜃 = 45∘ , Area of Circle = 225𝜋

The formula for the area of a sector is:

𝜃 45
Area of Sector = ( ) × Area of Circle = × 225𝜋 = 88.31
360 360

Area of the sector: 88.31 square inches.

Q-9 The central angle of a sector is 𝟔𝟎∘ and the area of the circle is
𝟏𝟒𝟒𝝅. What is the area of the sector?
Solution:
Given that; 𝜃 = 60∘ , Area of Circle = 144𝜋

Using the same formula:

𝜃 60
Area of Sector = ( ) × Area of Circle = × 144𝜋 = 75.36 𝑐𝑚
360 360

Area of the sector: 75.36 square inches

Q-10. A circle has a radius of 12. Find the area of the sector whose
central angle is 𝟏𝟐𝟎∘ .
Solution:

Given that; 𝜃 = 120∘ , 𝑟 = 12

The formula for the area of a sector is:

𝜃 120
Area of Sector = ( ) × 𝜋𝑟 2 = × (3.14)(12)2 = 150.72
360 360

Area of the sector: 150.72 square units.

Chapter # 10b
Q-1. Find the value of missing sides of the following right angled triangles by
using the Pythagoras theorem.
Solution:

Triangle (i):

Given: 𝑎 = 3 cm, 𝑐 = 5 cm, Find 𝑏.

By using Pythagoras theorem;
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 ⟹ 52 = 32 + 𝑏2
25 = 9 + 𝑏2 ⟹ 𝑏2 = 16 ⟹ 𝑏 = √16 = 4 cm

Triangle (ii):

Given: 𝑎 = 13 cm, 𝑐 = 35 cm, Find 𝑏.

By using Pythagoras theorem;
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 ⟹ 352 = 132 + 𝑏2

1225 = 169 + 𝑏2 ⟹ 𝑏2 = 1056 ⟹ 𝑏 = √1056 = 32.40 𝑐𝑚

Triangle (iii):

Given that: 𝑎 = 12 cm, 𝑏 = 5 cm

By using Pythagoras theorem;

Substitute the given values:

𝑐 2 = 122 + 52
2
𝑐 = 144 + 25 = 169
𝑐 = √169 = 13 cm

So, the length of the hypotenuse 𝑐 is 13 cm .

Q-2. A 12.5 metres long steel pipe is placed against a wall at the
height of 12 metre. Calculate the distance between the lower end of
the pipe and the wall.
Solution:

Given:

 Length of the steel pipe (hypotenuse) 𝑐 = 12.5 meters

 Height of the wall (one leg of the triangle) 𝑏 = 12 meters
 Distance between the lower end of the pipe and the wall (the other leg of the triangle) 𝑎 = ?
Using the Pythagoras theorem:

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

𝑎2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2

Substitute the given values:

𝑎2 = 12.52 − 122

𝑎2 = 156.25 − 144 = 12.25

𝑎 = √12.25 = 3.5

So, the distance between the lower end of the pipe and the wall is 3.5 meters.
Q-3. A ladder of 7.5 metres length is placed against the upper end of
an electric pole so that the distance between the foot of the ladder
and the pole is 4.5 metre. Find the height of the pole.
Solution:

Given:

 Length of the ladder (hypotenuse) 𝑐 = 7.5 meters

 Distance between the foot of the ladder and the pole (one leg) 𝑎 = 4.5 meters
 Height of the pole (the other leg) 𝑏 = ?
Using the Pythagoras theorem:

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2

Substitute the given values:

𝑏2 = 7.52 − 4.52

𝑏2 = 56.25 − 20.25 = 36
𝑏 = √36 = 6

So, the height of the pole is 6 meters.

̅̅̅̅.
Q-4. From the given figure, find 𝐀𝐁
Solution:

Given:

 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 = 13 cm (Isosceles triangle)
 𝐶𝐷 = 5 cm
Since 𝐶𝐷 is the perpendicular bisector of 𝐴𝐵, it divides 𝐴𝐵 into two equal parts, so:

𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐷 = 𝐷𝐵 =
2

We can use the Pythagoras theorem in the right triangle 𝐴𝐷𝐶 :

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐶𝐷2

Substitute the given values:

132 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 52
169 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 25
𝐴𝐷2 = 144 ⟹ 𝐴𝐷 = √144 = 12 cm

Since, 𝐴𝐵 = 2 × 𝐴𝐷 :

𝐴𝐵 = 2 × 12 = 24 cm

̅̅̅̅ is 24 cm .
So, the length of 𝐴𝐵

Q-5. A pillar is 7 metres high but its shadow is 24 metres long.

Calculate the distance between the tip of the pillar and the tip of the
shadow.
Solution:

Given:

 Height of the pillar 𝑏 = 7 meters (one leg of the triangle)

 Length of the shadow 𝑎 = 24 meters (the other leg of the triangle)
We need to find the hypotenuse 𝑐, which represents the distance between the tip of the pillar and the
tip of the shadow.

Using the Pythagoras theorem:

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

Substitute the given values:

𝑐 2 = 242 + 72
2
𝑐 = 576 + 49 = 625

𝑐 2 = 576 + 49 = 625
𝑐 = √625 = 25
So, the distance between the tip of the pillar and the tip of the shadow is 25 meters.

Q-6. A 10 metres long ladder is placed against a wall at the height of 8

metres. Find the distance between the foot of the ladder and the
lower end of the wall.
Solution:

Given:

 Length of the ladder (hypotenuse) 𝑐 = 10 meters

 Height at which the ladder touches the wall 𝑏 = 8 meters (one leg of the triangle)
We need to find the distance between the foot of the ladder and the base of the wall 𝑎.

Using the Pythagoras theorem:

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

Rearranging to find 𝑎 :

𝑎2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2

Substitute the given vaues:

𝑎2 = 102 − 82
2
𝑎 = 100 − 64 = 36

𝑎 = √36 = 6

So, the distance between the foot of the ladder and the base of the wall is 6 meters.

Chapter # 10c
Q-1. Find the surface area of each of the following measurement of
sphere when:
Solution:

The formula for the surface area of a sphere is:

Surface Area = 4𝜋𝑟 2

where:

 𝑟 is the radius.
 𝜋 ≈ 3.14.
Let's calculate:
i. 𝑟 = 0.7 cm
Surface Area = 4 × 3.14 × (0.7)2 = 6.15 cm2

ii. 𝑟 = 1.4 cm

Surface Area = 4 × 3.14 × (1.4)2 = 24.6176.15 cm2

iii. 𝑟 = 2.1 cm

Surface Area = 4 × 3.14 × (2.1)2 = 55.38 cm2

iv. 𝑟 = 4.2 cm

Surface Area = 4 × 3.14 × (4.2)2 = 221.55 cm2

Q-2. Find the radius of the following spheres, when surface areas are:
Solution:

To find the radius from the surface area, we rearrange the formula:

Surface Area
𝑟=√
4𝜋

i. Surface Area = 98.56 cm2

98.56
𝑟=√ = 2.80𝑐𝑚
4 × 3.14

ii. Surface Area = 154 cm2

154
𝑟=√ = 3.50𝑐𝑚
4 × 3.14

iii. Surface Area = 301.81 cm2

 301.81
𝑟=√ = 4.90𝑐𝑚
4 × 3.14

iv. Surface Area = 616 cm2

616
𝑟=√ = 7.003𝑐𝑚
4 × 3.14

Q-3. Find the volumes of the spheres with following radius:

Solution:

The formula for the volume of a sphere is:

4
Volume = 𝜋𝑟 3
3

Let's calculate for each volume:

i. 𝑟 = 2.1 cm
4
Volume = × 3.14 × (2.1)3 = 38.77 cm3
3

ii. 𝑟 = 4.2 cm
4
Volume = × 3.14 × (4.2)3 = 310.18 cm3
3

iii. 𝑟 = 6.3 cm
4
Volume = × 3.14 × (6.3)3 = 1046.86 cm3
3

iv. 𝑟 = 5.25 cm
4
Volume = × 3.14 × (5.25)3 = 605.82 cm3
3
v. 𝑟 = 3.15 cm
4
Volume = × 3.14 × (3.15)3 = 130.85 cm3
3

vi. 𝑟 = 6.8 cm
4
Volume = × 3.14 × (6.8)3 = 1316.42 cm3
3
Q-4. Find the volumes of the spheres with following radius:
Solution:

Given:

Surface Area of the sphere = 616 cm2

Step 1: Find the radius
The formula for the surface area of a sphere is:

Surface Area = 4𝜋𝑟 2

Rearranging to solve for 𝑟 :

Surface Area
𝑟=√
4𝜋

Substitute the given surface area:

616
𝑟=√ = 7.003
4 × 3.14

Step 2: Find the volume

Once the radius is known, the volume of the sphere can be calculated using the formula:

4
Volume = 𝜋𝑟 3 = 1437.87 cm3
3

Thus the volume of the sphere with a surface area of 616 cm2 is 1437.99 cm3 .

Q-5. Find the volumes of the spheres with following radius:

Solution:

2
Total Surface Area of a Hemisphere (including the base) = 3𝜋𝑟 2 and volume of a Hemisphere = 3 𝜋𝑟 3

where 𝑟 is the radius of the hemisphere.

i). Hemisphere:
 Given: Radius 𝑟 = 3 meters.
 Total Surface Area:
3𝜋(3)2 = 3𝜋 × 9 = 27𝜋 ≈ 84.78 m2

Now, the Volume is,

2 2
𝜋(3)3 = 𝜋 × 27 = 18𝜋 ≈ 56.55 m3
3 3

Hemisphere (ii):
18
Given: Diameter = 18 cm, 𝑟 = = 9 cm.
2

Total Surface Area is,

3𝜋(9)2 = 3𝜋 × 81 = 243𝜋 ≈ 763.41 cm2

Thus the volume is defined as:

2 2
𝜋(9)3 = 𝜋 × 729 = 486𝜋 ≈ 1526.81 cm3
3 3

Hemisphere (iii):
20.6
Given: Diameter = 20.6 cm and 𝑟 = = 10.3 cm.
2

Total Surface Area is,

3𝜋(10.3)2 = 3𝜋 × 106.09 = 318.27𝜋 ≈ 999.50 cm2

Thus the volume is defined as:

2 2
𝜋(10.3)3 = 𝜋 × 1097.027 = 731.35𝜋 ≈ 2297.76 cm3
3 3

Q-6. Find the radius of hemisphere having total surface area is

𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟐 𝐜𝐦𝟐 .

Solution:
Total Surface Area = 3𝜋𝑟 2

Given:

Total Surface Area = 530.2 cm2

To find the radius 𝑟 :

3𝜋𝑟 2 = 530.2
530.2
𝑟2 =
3𝜋
530.2
𝑟2 =
9.42
𝑟 2 ≈ 56.28

𝑟 ≈ √56.28
𝑟 ≈ 7.5 cm

Q-7. What is the total surface area of hemisphere having volume is

2093.3 m3.
Solution:

The formula for the volume of a hemisphere is:

2
Volume = 𝜋𝑟 3
3

Given:

Volume = 2093.3 m3

To find the radius 𝑟 :

2 3
𝜋𝑟 = 2093.3
3
2093.3 × 3
𝑟3 =
2𝜋
3
6279.9
𝑟 =
6.28

𝑟 3 ≈ 1000
3
𝑟 ≈ √1000
𝑟 ≈ 10 m
Now, to find the total surface area:

Total Surface Area = 3𝜋𝑟 2

Total Surface Area = 3𝜋(10)2
Total Surface Area = 3𝜋 × 100
Total Surface Area = 300𝜋
Total Surface Area ≈ 942.48 m2

Total surface area of the hemisphere with a volume of 2093.3 m3 is 942.48 m2 .

Chapter # 10d
Q-1. Find the values of unknown,
Solution:

(i):
Given: ℎ = 4 cm, 𝑙 = 5 cm, Find: 𝑟
Using the Pythagorean theorem:

𝑙 2 = 𝑟 2 + ℎ2

Substitute the values:

52 = 𝑟 2 + 42
25 = 𝑟 2 + 16
𝑟 2 = 25 − 16
𝑟2 = 9
𝑟 = √9
𝑟 = 3 cm
(ii):
Given: 𝑟 = 1.5 cm, ℎ = 2 cm, Find: 𝑙
Using the Pythagorean theorem:

𝑙 2 = 𝑟 2 + ℎ2

Substitute the values:

 𝑙2 = (1.5)2 + (2)2
𝑙2 = 2.25 + 4
𝑙2 = 6.25
𝑙 = √6.25
𝑙 = 2.5 cm
(iii):
Given: 𝑟 = 4.5 cm, 𝑙 = 7.5 cm, Find: ℎ
Using the Pythagorean theorem:

𝑙 2 = 𝑟 2 + ℎ2

Substitute the values:

(7.5)2 = (4.5)2 + ℎ2
56.25 = 20.25 + ℎ2
ℎ2 = 56.25 − 20.25
ℎ2 = 36
ℎ = √36
ℎ = 6 cm

Q-2. The radius of a cone's base is 5.5 cm and slant height is 8.5 cm.
Find the surface area of the cone.
Solution:

Given: Radius of the cone's base 𝑟 = 5.5 cm and Slant height 𝑙 = 8.5 cm

The surface area of a cone is given by:

Surface Area = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2

Substitute the values:

Surface Area = 𝜋 × 5.5 × 8.5 + 𝜋 × (5.5)2

Surface Area = 𝜋 × 46.75 + 𝜋 × 30.25
 Surface Area = 𝜋(46.75 + 30.25)
Surface Area = 𝜋 × 77
Surface Area ≈ 241.27 cm2

Q-3. The area of the curved surface of a cone is 𝟕𝟒𝟐. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦𝟐 and slant
height is 22.5 cm . Find the surface area of the cone.
Solution:

Given:

Area of the curved surface of the cone = 742.5 cm2

Slant height 𝑙 = 22.5 cm
The curved surface area of a cone = 𝜋𝑟𝑙

We can solve for 𝑟 :

742.5 = 𝜋 × 𝑟 × 22.5
742.5
𝑟 =
𝜋 × 22.5
742.5
𝑟 ≈
70.68
𝑟 ≈ 10.5 cm
Now, find the total surface area:

Surface Area = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2

Substitute the values:

Surface Area = 742.5 + 𝜋 × (10.5)2

Surface Area = 742.5 + 346.5
Surface Area = 1089 cm2

Q-4. The base area of a cone is 𝟔𝟕. 𝟐𝟒𝝅𝐜𝐦𝟐 and slant height is 12.8
cm . Find the height and surface area of the cone.
Solution:
Given:

Base area of the cone = 67.24𝜋cm2

Slant height 𝑙 = 12.8 cm
To find:
The height and surface area of the cone.

The base area of a cone is given by:

Base Area = 𝜋𝑟 2

Given that:

𝜋𝑟 2 = 67.24𝜋

Solve for 𝑟 :

𝑟 2 = 67.24
𝑟 = √67.24

𝑟 = √67.24
𝑟 ≈ 8.2 cm
Now, use the Pythagorean theorem to find the height ℎ :

𝑙 2 = 𝑟 2 + ℎ2
12.82 = 8.22 + ℎ2
163.84 = 67.24 + ℎ2
ℎ2 = 163.84 − 67.24
ℎ2 = 96.6
ℎ ≈ √96.6
ℎ ≈ 9.8 cm
Now, find the total surface area = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2

Substitute the values:

 total Surface Area = 𝜋 × 8.2 × 12.8 + 𝜋 × (8.2)2
total Surface Area = 329.574 + 211.1336
total Surface Area = 540.707 cm2

Q-5. The circumference of the base of a cone is 39.6 cm and height is 8.4 cm.
Find the surface area of the cone.

Solution:

Given:

Circumference of the base of a cone = 39.6 cm

Height ℎ = 8.4 cm
First, find the radius 𝑟 of the base using the formula for the circumference of a
circle:

Circumference = 2𝜋𝑟

Substitute the given values:

39.6 = 2𝜋𝑟
39.6
𝑟=
2𝜋
39.6
𝑟≈
6.28
𝑟 ≈ 6.3 cm
Next, find the slant height 𝑙 using the Pythagorean theorem:

𝑙 2 = 𝑟 2 + ℎ2

Substitute the values:

 𝑙2 = (6.3)2 + (8.4)2
𝑙2 = 39.69 + 70.56
𝑙2 = 110.25
𝑙 = √110.25
𝑙 = 10.5 cm

Now, find the Total surface area of the cone:

Total Surface Area = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2

Substitute the values:

Total Surface Area = 𝜋 × 6.3 × 10.5 + 𝜋 × (6.3)2

Total Surface Area = 207.711 + 124.63
Total Surface Area = 332.45 cm2

Q-6. The circumference of the base of a cone is 39.6 cm and height is 8.4 cm.
Find the surface area of the cone.

Solution:

The formula for the volume of a cone is:

1 2
Volume = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3
(i): 𝒓 = 𝟑. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦, 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦

1
Volume = 𝜋(3.5)2 (10.5)
3
Volume ≈ 134.72 cm3

Part (ii): 𝒓 = 𝟓 𝐜𝐦, 𝒉 = 𝟑. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦

1
Volume = 𝜋(5)2(3.5)
3
 Volume ≈ 91.61 cm3

Part (iii): 𝑟 = 4 cm, 𝑙 = 5 cm

First, find the height ℎ using the Pythagorean theorem:

𝑙 2 = 𝑟 2 + ℎ2
52 = 42 + ℎ2
25 = 16 + ℎ2
ℎ2 = 9
ℎ = √9
ℎ = 3 cm
Now, find the volume:

1
Volume = 𝜋(4)2 (3)
3
Volume = 50.27 cm3

Q-7. A conical glass is full of juice. The height of the glass is 14 cm and radius is
3.6 cm. Find the quantity of the juice in the glass. (Hint: 𝟏 𝐜𝐦𝟑 = 𝟏𝐦𝐥 ).
Solution:

Given:

Height of the glass, ℎ = 14 cm

Radius of the base of the glass, 𝑟 = 3.6 cm
1
The Formula of quantity of juice in the glass in milliliters (ml) = 𝜋𝑟 2ℎ
3
3
Since, 1 cm = 1ml, the volume will directly give us the quantity in milliliters.

Now, 𝑟 2 = (3.6)2 = 12.96

Substitute the values into the volume formula:

1
Volume = 𝜋 × 12.96 × 14
3
Volume ≈ 190.07 cm3
 Chapter # 10e
Q-1. Find the volume of a pyramid whose base is an equilateral triangle of side
3 m and height 4 m.

Solution:

The volume of a pyramid is given by:

𝟏
Volume = × Base Area × Height … (i)
𝟑

The formula for the area of an equilateral triangle with side length 𝑠 is:

√3 2
Area = 𝑠
4
Substitute 𝑠 = 3

√3
Area = × (3)2
4
√3
Area = ×9
4
9√3 2
Area = m
4
Calculate the volume of the pyramid:
1 9√3
Volume = × ×4
3 4
(i) ⟹
9√3
Volume =
3

Volume = 3√3 m3 ≈ 5.2 m3

Q-2. Find the volume of a right pyramid whose base is a regular hexagon, each
side of which is 10 m and height 50 m.

Solution:
A regular hexagon can be divided into 6 equilateral triangles. The area of regular hexagon with side
length 𝑎 = 10 m is:

3√3 2 3√3
𝐴= 𝑎 = (10)2 = 259.81 m2
2 2

Now, we will calculate the volume of the pyramid,

1
Volume = × Base Area × Height
3
1
Volume = × 259.81 × 50
3

Volume ≈ 4330.13 m3

Q-3. A regular hexagon pyramid has the perimeter of its base 12 cm and its
altitude is 15 cm. Find its volume.

Solution:

12
The perimeter of the hexagon 𝑃 = 12 cm, and each side 𝑎 = = 2 cm.
6
Area of a regular hexagon with side length 𝑎 :

3√3 2
Area = 𝑎
2

Substitute 𝑎 = 2 cm:

3√3
Area = × (2)2
2
3√3
Area = × 4 = 6√3 cm2
2

Calculate the volume of the pyramid,

1
Volume = × Base Area × Height
3
1
Volume = × 6√3 × 15
3
1
Volume = × 6√3 × 15
3
Volume = 30√3 cm3 ≈ 51.96 cm3
Q-4. A pyramid with a base which equilateral triangles each side of which are 3
m and has a volume of 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝟑 find its height.

Solution:

Given:

The base of the pyramid is an equilateral triangle with a side length of 3 m.

The volume of the pyramid is 120 m3 .
The area of an equilateral triangle with side length 𝑎 is given by:

√3 2
Area = 𝑎
4

Substitute 𝑎 = 3 m :

√3
Area = × (3)2
4

9√3 2
Area = m
4

The volume of a pyramid is given by:

1
Volume = × Base Area × Height
3

Given volume = 120 m3 :

1 9√3
120 = × ×ℎ
3 4

Solve for ℎ :

3√3
120 = ×ℎ
4
120 × 4
h =
3√3

ℎ ≈ 92.37 m
Q-5. A pyramid on a square base has every edge 100 m long. Find the edge of a
cube of equal volume.

Solution:

The pyramid has a square base, and each edge is 100 m. Therefore, the side length of the square base
𝑎 = 100 m, and the height ℎ = 100 m.

The area of the base of the pyramid is:

Base Area = 𝑎2 = 1002 = 10000 m2

The volume of a pyramid is given by:

1
Volume = × Base Area × Height
3

Substitute the values:

1
Volume = × 10000 × 100
3
1
Volume = × 1000000
3
Volume = 333333.33 m3

The volume of a cube is:

Volume = 𝑐 3

Set the volume equal to that of the pyramid:

𝑐 3 = 333333.33
3
𝑐 = √333333.33
𝑐 ≈ 69.3 m

Q-6. The faces of a pyramid on a square base are equilateral triangles. If each
side of the base is 10 m, find the volume and the whole surface of the pyramid.

Solution:

The base is a square with side length 𝑎 = 10 m.

 √3 √3
The height of the triangular faces is given by ℎ = 2
𝑎 = 2
× 10 = 5√3 m.

First, calculate the area of the base:

Base Area = 𝑎2 = 102 = 100 m2

Find the perpendicular height 𝐻 of the pyramid using the Pythagorean theorem:

𝑎 2
𝐻2 + ( ) = (5√3)2
2
𝐻2 + 25 = 75
𝐻2 = 50
𝐻 = √50 = 5√2 m

Now, find the volume:

1
Volume = × Base Area × Height
3
1
Volume = × 100 × 5√2
3
500√2
Volume = ≈ 235.7 m3
3

To find the whole surface area, the area of one equilateral triangular face:
√3 √3
Area of one triangular face = × 𝑎2 = × 102 = 25√3 m2
4 4

Total area of the four triangular faces:

Total area of triangular faces = 4 × 25√3 = 100√3 m2

Total surface area:

Total Surface Area = Base Area + Area of triangular faces
Total Surface Area = 100 + 100√3
Total Surface Area ≈ 100 + 173.2 = 273.2 m2

Q-7. Find the whole surface of a pyramid whose base is an equilateral triangle
of side 3 m and its slant height is 6 m.

Solution:

The base is an equilateral triangle with side 𝑎 = 3 m.

The area of an equilateral triangle is:

 √3 2 √3 √3 9√3 2
Base Area = 𝑎 = × 32 = ×9= m = 3.9 m2
4 4 4 4

The lateral surface area is composed of three triangular faces with base 𝑎 = 3 m and slant height 𝑙 =
6 m.

The area of one triangular face is:

1
Area of one triangular face = × Base × Slant Height
2
1
= × 3 × 6 = 9 m2
2

The total lateral surface area:

Lateral Surface Area = 3 × 9 = 27 m2

Whole Surface Area = Base Area + Lateral Surface Area = 3.9 + 27 = 30.9 m2

Review exercise # Ch-10

Q-1.
Solution:

i) c ii) c iii) c iv) c v) a vi) b vii) a viii) a

Q-2. Define the following;

Solution:

Pythagoras Theorem: The Pythagoras Theorem states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the
hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

where 𝑐 is the hypotenuse, and 𝑎 and 𝑏 are the other two sides.

Pyramid: A pyramid is a three-dimensional geometric shape with a polygonal base and triangular faces
that converge at a single point called the apex. The base can be any polygon, and the sides are triangles
that meet at the apex.
Sphere: A sphere is a perfectly round three-dimensional shape in which every point on the surface is
equidistant from a fixed point called the center. It has no edges or vertices.
Hemisphere: A hemisphere is half of a sphere, formed by cutting a sphere into two equal parts with a
plane that passes through its center. Each half is called a hemisphere.

Q-3. Give short answers;

Solution:

Surface Area of a Sphere: The surface area of a sphere is given by the formula:
Surface Area = 4𝜋𝑟 2

where 𝑟 is the radius of the sphere.

Surface Area of a Cone: The surface area of a cone (including the base) is given by:

Surface Area = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2

where 𝑟 is the radius of the base and 𝑙 is the slant height.

Volume of a Sphere: The volume of a sphere is given by the formula:

4
Volume = 𝜋𝑟 3
3

where 𝑟 is the radius of the sphere.

Volume of a Cone: The volume of a cone is given by:

1
Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
3

where 𝑟 is the radius of the base and ℎ is the height of the cone.